Volume IT

SCIENCE SERIES

Number

THE

UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI
STUDIES

EDITED BY
W. G. BROWN

Professor of Industrial Chemistry

THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND

VICINITY

FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS

Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College
Formerly Assistafit in the University of Missouri

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UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
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ii**.»_i.^j,-,fi^^

VOLUME II

SCIENCE SERIES

Published by the

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI

1911

CONTENTS

Number Page
I. An Introduction to the Mechanics of the Inner
Ear, by Max Meyer, Ph. D., Professor of Ex-
perimental Psychology i

2. The Flora of Boulder, Colorado, and Vicinity, by
Francis Potter Daniels, Professor of the Ro-
mance La?jguages, Wabash College. Formerly
Assistant ifi the University of Missouri 149

II

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

Volume II

SCIENCE SERIES

Number 2

THE

UNIVERSITYOF MISSOURI
STUDIES

EDITED BY
W. G. BROWN

Professor of Industrial Chemistry

THE FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO, AND

VICINITY

FRANCIS POTTER DANIELS

Professor of the Romance Languages, Wabash College
Formerly Assistant in tlie University of Missouri

PUBLISHED BY THE

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI
October, 1911

Copyright, 1911, bj
THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI

COLUMHIA MO. :
E. W. STEPHENS PUBLISHING COMPANY,
1911

TO

PROFESSOR T. D. A. COCKERELL
THIS STUDY IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

CO

PREFACE

During the summer of 1906 I was employed by the Depart-
ment of Botany of the University of Missouri to collect plants
in Colorado for the Herbarium of the University. I spent,
therefore, a period of two months and a half in this work. I
arrived at Boulder, Colorado, June eighteenth, and departed
thence September third. All the collecting was done in Boul-
der County, and the greater part of it within a radius of five
miles from the city of Boulder. I collected altogether about
1,036 species of flowering plants and ferns. The vernal plants,
of course, had blossomed before my arrival, but except for
these the flora of Boulder is fairly well shown in the collection.

In the list of plants here given there have been included
all that are known to occur in Boulder County; but inasmuch
as the boundary between Grand and Boulder Counties lies
along the summits of the main range of mountains it is impos-
sible often to tell in what county a given plant has been col-
lected. Similarly Long's Peak lies partly in Larimer County
and partly in Boulder County. In all cases in which plants
have been cited from a mountain lying partly in Boulder Coun-
ty, these have been included in the list, unless a definite locali-
ty in the other county is given. Plants admitted to the list
because of the citations given in Rydberg's Flora of Colorado

xii PREFACE

are ascribed to Rydberg; it is of course understood that this
ascription does not imply that these plants were collected by
Rydberg in the localities named, but merely that by examina-
tion of the plants or otherwise he is satisfied that they occur
in those places. In the case of plants collected by myself I
have added the collection number, so that these can be identi-
fied at any time. I may add that besides the set of Boulder
plants in the Herbarium of the University of Missouri, there
is a duplicate set in the Herbarium of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College; there is also a set in my own possession. The
Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden has an incom-
plete set. As the numbers are the same for all plants of the
same species, the identification of any of these plants can be
made out from the number given in the list.

In the introduction I have sought to present what knowl-
edge I have of the distribution of plants in Boulder County.
I have tried to present them in their natural plant-societies.
I saw, however, too little of the montane, subalpine, and the
alpine floras to be able to give a comprehensive account of these,
and it must be remembered that I did not see the vernal facies
of any portion of the vegetation.

As to nomenclature I have followed, except where plainly
deficient in the light of later investigation, that of Rydberg's
Flora of Colorado. While I feel that in the case of both
genera and species there has been an over-multiplication — as
for instance the splitting up of such a natural group as the
pines into several genera, yet at the time of the preparation
of this Flora the only convenient guide was Rydberg's work.

It is to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell of the University of
Colorado to whom I am most indebted for assistance in this
work. Remote both from the vegetation itself and from an

PREFACE Xlll

adequate library, I could not have carried on the work at all
without his cheerful cooperation. He has examined every
page of the manuscript, and I owe much to his apt suggestions
and kindly criticism. My thanks are also due to Professor
Francis Ramaley for his kindness in examining the proof-
sheets, and to Professor J. Henderson who has perused the
article on the physiography. Both have given me notes of
much value.

ERKATA

Page 15, line 13, for Chrysopogon, read Sorghastrnm.

Page 18, line 3 from bottom of page, for C. nmbellata bre-

virostris, read C. umbellata brachyrhina.
Page 26, line 4, for Cogswellia Grayi read Cogswellia orientalis.
Page 2y, line 22, for F. confinis, read F. Kingii.

Line 12 for Agropyron Vaseyi, read Agropyron spicatum
inerme.
Page 31, line 2 from bottom of page, for Trisetum subspicatum,

read Trisetum spicatum.
P^ge 33, line 14, same correction.
Page 39, line 8 from bottom of page, for Pseudocymopterus

tenuifolius, read Pseudocymopterus multifidus.
Page 41, line 9, for Trisetum subspicatum, read Trisetum

spicatum.
Page 42, line 6 from bottom of page, for Polemonium scopu-

linum, read Polemonium pulcherrimum.

XIV

INTRODUCTION

I. PHYSIOGRAPHY

Boulder, Colorado, lies nestling close to the Rocky Moun-
tains just north of the 40th parallel. There the foot-
hills are strikingly beautiful and high, and only twenty miles
away Arapahoe Peak, clasping to its bosom the best glacier
of the southern Rockies, gleams whitely in full view, while
twenty- four miles to the northwest towers jaggedly Long's
Peak, 14,271 ft. high, the highest point in Boulder County, and
one of the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains. Away to
the eastward the plain stretches unbrokenly, save for an oc-
casional butte, till lost to vision. There is then room for a
great diversity of vegetation, ranging from the semi-desert
plants of the arid plains to the arctic plants that grow at the
wasting edge of the perpetual snow.

The Continental Divide, which, due west of Boulder,
touches its easternmost point in North America, is only from
twenty to twenty-four miles away. It rises as a vast snow-
covered wall of rock to an average height of from 11,000 to
12,000 feet; the highest points in the Divide in this region
are Long's Peak, 14,271 ft., Mt. Audubon, 13,173 ft., Mt.
Baldy, 11,470 ft., Arapahoe Peak, 13,520 ft., and James'
Peak, 13,283 ft. Due west of Boulder Arapahoe Pass
crosses the Divide at an altitude of 12,000 feet. It
will be seen, therefore, that there is an almost impassable
barrier between the vegetation of the Pacific slope and that of

149] I

2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [ 1 50

the Atlantic. Since this barrier is ahnost everywhere above
timberhne, only a few Pacific species are found on the Atlantic
side of the slope within the region about Boulder. Perhaps
the most interesting exception is the occurrence of one of the
orchids, Piperia Unalaschcnsis (Spreng.) Rydb., a few indi-
viduals of which I found in the foot-hills near Boulder, and
which is not known to occur elsewhere east of the mountains
of Utah, it having its main range from Alaska to California.

All the streams of Boulder County flow ultimately into the
South Fork of the Platte river, and thence into the Missouri
and the Mississippi. Boulder creek, the chief stream of the
region, and one of the headwaters of the Platte, is fed from the
snows of the Divide, especially between Arapahoe and James'
Peaks. Just over the other side of the Divide are some of the
headwaters of Grand river, which flows into the Colorado,
and thence into the Gulf of California.

All the main streams in Boulder County have their sources
in the wasting snows of the Main Range. These have cut gor-
ges, in most cases over a thousand feet deep, into the elevated
plateau between the main range and the foot-hills proper, and
by means of these deep valleys have transformed this plateau
into what are now really mountain masses, having an average
altitude of about 8,000 feet, the eastern and western slopes of
which are long longitudinal valleys, and the northern and
southern ones the precipitous gorges cut by the streams. Be-
tween Boulder and the Main Range there are about four of
these mountain ridges, the first, or that of the foot-hills proper,
rising to a height of from 7,000 to 8,600 feet, the others slightly
lower, having an altitude of about 7,500 to 8,000 feet. Among
these Sugarloaf Mountain stands out prominently as an
isolated peak a thousand feet higher, it being a por-

151] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 3

phyry dike, and thus weathering more slowly than the
granitic peaks. This whole elevated plateau, cut by
streams into what now appear as definite mountain
ridges, we shall call the foot-hills, although the foot-hills
proper are the ridges of sandstone at the edge of this granite
plateau. The flora, however, is the same, save for
a few ferns and other rock-plants which are confined to cer-
tain kinds of rocks, some to the limestones, others to the sand-
stones, still others to the granite.

The main range of mountains as well as the high plateau
at its base is composed of granite, granite-porphyry, and
granite-gneiss, gray or reddish in color. Dikes are frequent,
either of pegmatite or of felsitic porphyry. When the uplift
or uplifts occurred, which made the Rocky Mountains, the
sedimentary rocks resting upon the basement of granite, were
tilted untilthey stood nearly on end. The jagged crags of the
foot-hills proper are, then, the ends of these sedimentary layers.
Thus it happens, too, that the oldest beds lie next the granite,
while the younger underlie the plains.

The oldest and lowest, that is, the one lying directly upon,
or rather against the granite, is a layer of quartzite 550 feet
thick, and of Algonkin age. This, however, is absent in front
of Boulder and occurs in but two places in the county.

The next, and of Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) age,
is the red Fountain sandstone, 500 to 1,500 feet thick.
In the immediate vicinity of Boulder it lies directly
upon the granite. On the east slope of Green Moun-
tain it hangs in five triangular blocks of about 500 feet
in thickness at an angle of about 52 °. These, called the
Flat-irons, are each about 1,000 feet high and about 1,500
feet wide; the third Flat-iron, however, rises to an altitude
of nearly 8,000 feet, or about 2,000 feet above the mesa. At

4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [152

Boulder Canon the red sandstone walls are vertical. These
perpendicular sandstone crags are the most striking feature
of the scenery of the foot-hills.

Lying next to the Fountain sandstone, and also of Pennsyl-
vanian age, is the creamy Lyons sandstone, which is quarried
in large amounts. It has a maximum thickness of almost 300
feet.

Next in order, and still of Pennsylvanian age, is the Lykins
formation, about 800 feet thick and consisting of sandstones,
sandy shales, and a little limestone. It is easily weathered and
is consequently thickly covered with waste.

The Morrison formation occurs next, and consists of sand-
stone, clays, and limestone, and is a little less than 600 feet
thick. It is of Jurassic age.

Then come various Cretaceous beds, the first of which,
the "Dakota," is a firm sandstone of about 350 feet in thickness.
Its resistance to weathering causes the characteristic hogback
of the foot-hills, consisting of one, two, or even three distinct
combs, or crags. .

Then follow in succession the Benton shales, 500 feet
thick ; the Niobrara shales and limestones, 400 feet thick ; the
Pierre shales, 5,000 feet thick; the Fox Hills shales, 1,300 feet
thick; and the Laramie beds, which are coal-bearing and about
115 feet thick. Lastly are the Quaternary deposits of allu-
vium and terrace gravels. The various shales have weathered
and eroded rapidly and underlie the plain, while the more
resistant beds next the granite persist as crags, while the high
mesas at the base of the foot-hills are shale outliers left by
stream-erosion and are really stream terraces.

The soil of the region, outside of the alluvium and ter-
race gravels, is granitic in the mountains, while in the foot-
hills it is apt to be brick-red from the detritus of the red

153] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5

sandstones. The soft Lykins formation yields a very red soil.
The Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks have layers of sand and
clay.

II. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL*

The climate of Boulder, however enjoyable it may be to
human beings, can hardly be said to be highly favorable to
plant-life. At least this is true of the foot-hills, the mesas,
and the plains. The Alain Range, however, is well watered,
but here the high elevation and the low temperature repress
plant-life. The montane and subalpine slopes have a dense vege-
tation, and yet even here the shallow soil and the rapid run-ofif
of the water cause portions of them to have the aspect of
deserts. A subalpine meadow has an opulent luxuriance ; an
adjoining slope may be gray with sage brush. In part the ap-
parent thinness of vegetation in the mountains may be due to
the superabundance of naked rock. In many portions of the
Rockies the greater part of the surface has no soil whatever,
and only a cranny-and-crevice vegetation is possible. The
Rocky Mountains are new; their rocks are sharp and jagged;
even lichens are rare on their surfaces. About Eldora and
Arapahoe Peak, however, the rocks are beautifully rounded
by glacial action.

In the summer of 1906 there were rains almost daily, many
of them soaking rains, but their distribution was uneven and
capricious. In general the rainfall decreases as the distance
from the snowy range increases. The alpine and subalpine

*For the climatology of the region, consult the article by Professor
Ramaley on the Climatology of the Mesas near Boulder, Univ. of Colo.
Studies, 6, 19-35, also, the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock
lake near Ward, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 13S-147.

6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [154

regions receive most ; the foot-hills less ; the mesas receive
some from every shower; the plains for five or six miles get
a portion of the larger showers ; but beyond that for several
hundred miles good rains are very few. The summer
of 1906 was exceptional,* for even the plains about Boulder
seemed to receive more water than do many parts of the
eastern United States in midsummer. When I left Boulder
the third of September, the native vegetation for five or six
miles out on the plain was as green as a prevailingly gray
vegetation well can be; there was no sign of drouth^ while
when I reached Missouri and Iowa, the pastures were parched.

In fact what I shall remember most about Colorado is its
exuberance of water. It courses down all the mountain
caiions, roaring and bubbling and dashing into foam. Springs
are frequent and of a pureness and coolness that make them
perfect. On the plains everywhere that one goes, a ditch full
to the brim runs beside one. From the top of Green Mountain
a hundred lakes may be seen gleaming on the plain. It is
plainly a land of abundant rain and water.

And yet why this feverish haste to irrigate the fields, why
these ditches, these sluices, these storage-reservoirs? Why
is land with a water-right worth several hundred dollars an
acre, and land without one but five dollars? And why, to ask
a still deeper question, why does nearly every kind of native
plant have some means of conserving water, or some contriv-
ance for preventing too rapid transpiration? Why do desert
plants meet one at every hand: cacti, yuccae, sages, and
xerophytic grasses? No, this region cannot be a land of
abundant rain and water, in spite of the fact that I have never

•In 190C Uie greatest rainfall was recorded (26.17 inches), while 1901
was the driest vear (13.67 inches).

155] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO J

seen so much anywhere else, nor anywhere else have had such
drenchings to the skin. It is a semi-arid land, parched and
thirsty. And the farmer, whom I saw flooding his land the
morning after an all night's pouring rain, knew from long
experience that there could not be too much water. The
rapid drainage, the light dry air, the fierce light of the high
elevation, the hot sun, the soil unfitted for the retention of
water, all these things parch and wither our cultural plants,
for while the native vegetation has organs for storing water
and for diminishing transpiration, the cultivated plants have
none of these. Nevertheless for the native vegetation in
1906 there was ample water-supply; it grew with an almost
incredible luxuriance, so much so that I found the measure-
ments given in the manuals were often valueless for my pur-
pose, as many of my plants were taller and larger than the
books say that they grow. I was told that after the first of
July there would be no botanizing as everything on the plains
and foot-hills would dry up; but I remained till September
first and the plants did not dry up, and I was able to collect
over a thousand species in about two months and a half.

The following table, vi^hich I use by the kind permission of
Professor Ramaley, will furnish the data requisite to an under-
standing of the temperature and rainfall of the region. The
data holds true only for the city of Boulder.

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[156

TABLE

COMPILED BY DR. FRANCIS RAMALEY

Summary of data on temperature and rainfall at Boulder,
Colorado, for eleven years, ending August, 1908.

Month

January. .
February.
March . . . ■

April

May . . .
June

July

August. . .
September
October. . .
November.
December.

Annual. .

E d.
o E

34-1
32-9
39-4
47-7
56.4
64.6
70. 1
71 .0
64.0
530
430
370
51.0

Warmest
mean on
record.

Year Degs

1906
1907
1907

1902
1901
189b
1897
1900
1904
1906

Coldest

mean on

record .

Year

1905
1899
1906
1900
1907
1907
1906
1906
1900

1905
1S98

Degs

Greatest

rainfall on

record.

Year Inc's

0.4

0.66

1.6

3-.S8

3.02

1-53
1.72

1-3

I • 55
5|i-47
10.59
00.68

1903
1899
1900
1904
1897
1906
1897
1902
1903
1906
1902

Least rainfall
on record.

0.87

I 5

2.79

9. iS

5-35

3-71

3.81

3-3

2.7

3-43
1.87
0.54

Year

1903

1908

1908

1 90S

1899

1908

1901
1900&1905

1901

1900
1899&1901
1 905 & 1 906

Inc's

0.08
0.09
0.23
I. 71

0'55
0.29
0.46
0.22
o. 10
0.13
0.00
0.00

Highest recorded temperature is 97 degrees, July 15, 1902.
Lowest recorded temperature is — 20 degrees, January 8, 1902, and
again February 20, 1905.

Greatest rainfall recorded, 26.17 inches, 1906.
Smallest rainfall recorded, 13.67 inches, 1901.

Ill ZONES OF VEGETATION*

There are six great zones of vegetation about Boulder,
which, proceeding from east to west, are : A. The Zone of

*These zones of vegetation are practically those of Robbins (Cli-
matology and Vegetation in Colorado, Bot. Gaz., 49, 256-280), who rec-
ognized (i) plains, (2) eastern lower foothills and mesas, (3) eastern
upper foothills, 6,000 to 8,000 feet, (4) montane zone, (5) subalpine
zone, (6) alpine zone. Professor Ramaley, however, would unite the
mesas and foothills into one zone (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 50-51).

157] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 9

the Plains, CAMPESTRES; B. The Zone of the Mesas,
MENS ALES; C. The Zone of the Foot-hills and Mountain
Plateau, SUBMONTANAE; fourth, The Zone of the Lower
Mountain Slopes, MONT AN AE; fifth, The Zone of the Sub-
alpine Mountain Slopes, SUBALPESTRES; sixth, The
Zone of the Alpine Summits, ALPESTRES. Of these the
Plains Flora, the Foot-hill Flora, the Montane Flora, the Sub-
alpine Flora, and the Alpine Flora are primary, while that of
the Mesas is a transition from the Flora of the Plains to the
Flora of the Foot-hills. The Alpine corresponds to the Arctic
Circumpolar vegetation, the Subalpine to the Hudsonian, the
Montane to the Canadian, the Foot-hill and the Mesa to the
Upper Transition, and that of the Plains to the Lower Transi-
tion with some Upper Sonoran forms.

A. CAMPESTRES

The plains are not so arid about Boulder as they are far-
ther east. In fact after riding for hundreds of miles through
a desert of dried up grass, it is with a feeling of inutterable
joy that one sees this narrow ribbon of green from six to
twelve miles wide at the foot of the mountains. This green-
ness and freshness is due mainly to two causes : First, this
strip receives more rain than does the rest of the Great Plains.
The clouds do not quite rain out before reaching the plains.
These rains are, however, capricious. The clouds are narrow.
The southern part of Boulder may receive a thorough drench-
ing, the northern part may not have a drop. One Sunday
there was a cloud-burst in Sunshine Canon, farms and bridges
were washed away ; from three to five feet of water came dash-
ing through the main street of Boulder, while it scarcely
sprinkled where I was a half mile to the south. The second
cause is the abundant irrigation.

lO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [158

The Plains Flora falls into five main societies : The
Aquatic (Aquatiles); The Palustrous (Palustres); The Ri-
parian (Ripariae); The Prairie Meadow, the plains flora
proper, (Campanales); and the Alkali Flat (Alkalinae).

a. Aquatiles. The Ac^atic Flora is found in lakes and
streams. It consists of submerged or floating aquatics — pond-
weeds, duckweeds, water-milfoils, hornworts, water starworts,
besides various algae. It is seen best in Owen's lake and
Boulder lake, which while about twenty feet deep, are very
brackish. The slower streams also have aquatic plants, as do
likewise the aqueous nuclei of swamps and swales. The fol-
lowing is a list of typical species :

Potamogeton lonchites L. minor

P. heterophyllus Ceratophyllum demersum

P. foliosus Callitriche palustris

P. pectinatus C. bifida

P. Spirillus Myriophyllum spicatum

Zanichellia palustris Limosella aquatica

Lemna gibba

All the above species occur in the eastern United States.

b. Palustres, The Palustrous, or Swamp Flora is found
in bogs, in swales, along ditches, and about the miry margins
of ponds and lakes and streams. It consists of rushes, bul-
rushes, sedges, swamp grasses, sweet flags, cat-tails, stick-
tights, swamp asters, water peppers, and various other plants.
I have included here the whole subaquatic flora, since the for-
mation is so slight that it is best treated as a whole without
separation into amphibious, limose, paludose, and uliginose
societies. The follovv^ing are characteristic species :

Equisetum arvense Typha lati folia

E, laevigatum Alisma Plantago

159]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

II

Sagittaria ari folia

Homalocenchrus oryzoides

Phalaris arundinacea

Muhlenbergia racemosa

Alopecurus aristulatus

Spartina cynosurioides

Poa triflora

Panicularia nervata

P. Americana

P. borealis

Cyperus inflexus

Scirpus Americanus

S. lacustris

S. atrovirens pallidus

Eleocharis palustris

E. glaucescens

E. acicularis

E. acuminata

Carex vulpinoidea

C. stipata

C. stricta

C. lanuginosa

Acorus Calamus

Heteranthera limosa

Juncus Balticus montanus

J. longistylis

J. nodosus

J. Torreyi

J. marginatus

Iris Missouriensis

Rumex occidentalis

R. salicifolius
Persicaria lapathi folia
P. emersa.
P. punctata
Crunocallis Chamissoi
Ranunculus sceleratus

eremogenes
R. Macounii
Halerpestes Cymbalaria
Nasturtium

Nasturtium-aquaticum
Radicula calycina
R. hispida
Hypericum majus
Lythrum alatum
Epilobium adenocaulon
Cicuta occidentalis
Berula erecta
Verbena hastata
Phyla cunei folia
Teucrium occidentale
Scutellaria galericulata
Prunella vulgaris
Stachys scopulorum
Lycopus lucidus
L. Americanus
Mentha spicata
M. Penardi
Mimulus Geyeri
M. floribundus
Gratiola Virginiana

12

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[i6a

Lobelia syphilitica

Ludoviciana
Iva xanthifolia
I. axillaris
Ambrosia trifida
Xanthiiim commune
Aster caerulescens

A. Osterhoutii
Bidens vulgata

B. glaucescens
Helenium montanum
Lactuca pulchella

L. spicata

It will be noted that all but a very few of the above
species are common palustrous species of the eastern United
States.

c. Ripariae. The Riparian Flora occurs along the banks
of streams. It consists of trees, shrubs, and herbs. There
are no trees nor shrubs proper on the Great Plains, except
those that grow along the streams. Here occur various cot-
tonwoods, box-elders, and willows. The herbs are partly
marsh herbs and partly plants from the plains, especially
grasses. The following are typical riparian species :

Equisetum laevigatum
Eatonia robusta
Agropyron riparium
Elymus Canadensis
E. robustus
Populus Sargentii
P. acuminata
P. angusti folia
Salix amygdalioides
S. exigua

Betula fontinalis (only near

the foot-hills)
Urtica gracilis
Cardamine vallicola
Rulac Negundo
R. Texanum
Vitis vulpina
Pesedcra vitacea
Solidago Pitcheri
S. Canadensis

S. luteosericea

d. Campanales. The Prairie Flora is that which is
proper to the greater part of the plains region. In aspect it
is a vast meadow, above which now and then a yucca rises with

l6l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 3

its bayonet-like leaves and its large cluster of flowers. But
this aspect changes according to the season of the year, nor
is it uniform at any season. As various plants come into
bloom, so is it tinged red or purple, white or yellow; here it
is an upland meadow of broom-grasses with purplish leaves;
there it is dark green with meadow-grasses ; yonder it is white
and hoar with sages. In early summer it is red, or purple,
or blue with loco-weeds, beard-tongues, and thistles, yellow
with golden asters, orange with cone-flowers and gaillardias,
or white with Mexican poppies. In midsummer the psoraleas
are numerous; here and there are large clumps of lupines; the
tall porcupine grasses abound, and sunflowers rear their heads
of gold. In late summer it is yellow with gumweeds of all
kinds, with golden-rods and rabbit-brushes, or purple with
blazing-stars and turkey-foot grasses. In autumn the gray
sages put forth their inconspicuous flowers, the late composites
ripen their achenes and whiten the landscape with their pappus.
But the chief plants of this formation are those not seen —
the little bufifalo and mesquite grasses only a few inches high,
but forming the turf of these vast plains. There are no shrubs
proper in this flora. At most there are a few undershrubs
and suft'rutescent plants, such as roses, yuccas, and the like.
It should be added that the vegetation of the moister por-
tions of the plains differs, especially in aspect and also some-
what in species, from that of the drier portions; but while it
is possible to distinguish these two elements of the flora in
the extreme cases of moistness and dryness, yet in the greater
part of the area the two vegetations mingle inextricably. I
shall, however, arrange the plants typical of the Great Plains
into two classes, Humidae and Aridae, although the two
-classes occur quite commonly together:

14

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[162

i. Humidae.

Andropogon furcatus
Panicum virgatum
Agrostis alba

A. asperi folia
Bouteloua olgostachya
Bulbilis dactyloides
Koeleria cristata

Pea pratensis

P. triflora

P. interior

P. pseudopratensis

Festuca elatior

Bromus marginatus latior

B. Pumpelliantis
Agropyron pseudorepens
A. occidentale
Hordeum jiibatum
Elymus Macounii
Carex marcida

C. scoparia

C. athrostachya

C. pratensis

C. festucacea

Juncus interior

J. Arizonicus

J. confusus

J. Dudley!

Sisyrinchinm angustifolium

Argemone intermedia

A. hispida

Sophia intermedia
Potentilla Hippiana
Drymocallis arguta
Rosa pratincola
Lupinus decumbens
L. decumbens argentatus
Astragalus goniatus
Homalobus Salidae
Aragallus Lambertii
A. patens
Psoralea tenuiflora
P. argophylla
Petalostemon oligophyllus
P. purpureus
P. pubescens
Poinsettia dentata
Malvastrum dissectum
Oenothera strigosa
Anogra rhizomata
A, coronopifolia
Gaura parviflora
G. coccinea
G. glabra
Asclepias speciosa
Lithospermum canescens
Onosmodium occidentale
Verbena bracteosa
V. ambrosi folia
Salvia lanceolata
Physalis lanceolata

i63]

FLORA OF BOULDER^ COLORADO

15

P. Virginiana
Androcera rostrata
Pentstemon unilateralis
Gerardia Besseyana
Grindelia serrulata
G. perennis

Oligoneuron canescens
Aster commutatus
Erigeron divergens

ii. Aridae.

Schizachyrium scoparium
Andropogon chrysocomus
Chrysopogon nutans
Aristida fasciculata

A, longiseta
Stipa comata
S. viridiila
S. Nelsonii

Muhlenbergia cuspidata
Sporobolus airoides

S. cryptandrus
S. heterolepis
S. asperifolius
Agrostis hiemalis
Merathrepta spicata
Bouteloua hirsuta

B. oligostachya
Alunroa squarrosa
Eragrostis pectinacea
Poa crocata

P. juncifolia

E. flagellaris
Ratibida coliimnaris
Helianthus lenticularis
H. grosseserratus
Gaillardia aristata
Artemisia gnaphalodes
Cirsium megacephalum
C. ochrocentrum
Agoseris glauca

P. confusa
Festuca octoflora
Agropyron molle
Hordenm pusillum
Sitanion longifolium
S. brevifolium
Elymus brachystachys
Carex Douglasii
C. siccata
C. straminea
Yucca glauca
Eriogonum effusum
Paronychia Jamesii
Allionia linearis
Delphinium Penardii
Stanleya glauca
Xylophacos Shortianus
Amorpha nana
Psoralea tenuiflora
Linum Lewisii

i6

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[164

Chamaesyce Fendleri
C. serpyllifoHa
Tithymalus Arkansanus
Acerates viridiflora
A. angustifolia
Asclepias pumila
Evolvulus Nuttallianus
Lappula occidentalis
L. cupulata
Cryptanthe crassisepala

Gutierrezia longifolia

G. scoparia

Chrysopsis villosa

C. hispida

Chrysothamnus pulcherrimus

Sideranthus annuiis

S. spinulosus

Solidago glaberrima

S. nana

Townsendia exscapa

Lithospermum breviflorum Aster exiguus

Monarda pectinata
Hedeoma hispida
Physalis rotundata
Quincula lobata
Pentstemon secundiflorus
P. gracilis
P. humilis
Orthocarpus luteus
Plantago Purshii
Ambrosia psilostachya
Gaertneria tomentosa
Kuhnia Hitchcockii
K. glutinosa
Laciniaria punctata

A. crassulus
A. polycephalus
Erigeron ramosus
Wyomingia cana
Helianthus petiolaris
H. pumilus
Thelesperma gracile
Boebera papposa
Artemisia dracunculoides
A. Brittonnii
vSenecio Riddellii
S. multicapitatus
S. spartioides
Cirsium imdiilatum

e. Alkalinae. The best examples of the Flora of the
Alkali Flats occur in the vicinity of Owen's lake and Boulder
lake, where large tracts are white as snow with alkali. The
plants are mainly succulent chenopods, but a few other plants
also occur. The following species are characteristic :
Distichlis stricta Polygonum buxi forme

Puccinellia airoides Chenopodium rubrum

165] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 7

Monolepis Nuttalliana Iva axillaris

Atriplex carnosa Chrysothamnus graveolens

A. argentea C. pulcherrimus

Dondia depressa Solidago gilvocanescens
Sophora sericea

B. MENSALES*

The Flora of the Mesas is a transitional flora ; the mesas
have most of the plants of the plains and in addition many of
the plants of the foot-hills. There are, however, a considerable
number of species, which are peculiar to the mesas. These
mesas are flat tablelands rising abruptly a hundred feet or so
above the plains in successive terraces. The altitude of the
plains in Boulder County is from 5,000 to 5,500 feet. The
lowest mesa, at an altitude of about 5,600 feet, has the
flora of the plains, but at the next mesa, at an altitude of 5,700
feet, the flora begins to change, and from then on to the foot
of the crags, 6,000 feet, the plains plants gradually tend to
disappear and the foot-hill flora to come in. The highest
mesas are so filled with waste from landslips from the crags,
that they may be said to be an integral part of the foot-hills.
And so, too, the streams have made deep canons through the
mesas, the flora of which is not so very unlike that of the
cafions of the foot-hills. West of Marshall there is a high bog
on the mesa, but as its plants differ in no wise from the bog
plants of the plains, it will be dismissed with this notice.

Six plant-societies are to be found upon the mesas : a. The
meadow (Pratenses), which differs little from the plains
meadow, although certain mountain species, such as the Mari-

*For a detailed account of the vegetation of the mesas, see the pa-
pers by Dodds, Ramaley, and Robbins, Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 11-49.

i8

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[l66

posa lily, the painted cups, and the wool-joints are present, b.
The cactus mesa (Spinosae). c. The Yucca mesa (Ensi-
formes). d. The wooded mesa (Sylvestres). e. The
brush mesa (Arbustales). f. The mesa canon (Vallicolae).
a. Pratenses. The flora of the mesa meadow is com-
posed of an admixture of plants both from the plains and the
foot-hills. Typical plants are :

Sorghastrum nutans
Stipa comata
S. viridula
Bouteloua hirsuta
B. oligostachya

Calochortus Gunnisonii
Comandra pallida
Eriogonum alatum
E. flavum
E. umbellatum

Atheropogon curtipendulus Polygonum Douglasii

Koeleria cristata

Poa triflora

P. interior

P. pseudopratensis

P. j unci folia

P. confusa

Festuca octoflora

Agropyron tenerum

A. pseudorepens

Elymus brachystachys

E. villiflorus

Carex marcida

C. pratensis

C. straminea

C. straminiformis

Silene antirrhina
Lychnis Drummondii
Delphinium Penardii
D. camporum
D. Nelsonii
Anemone cylindrica
Pulsatilla hirsutissima
Argemone intermedia
Potentilla effusa
Drymocallis fissa
Lupinus Plattensis
L. decumbens
Geoprumnon succulentum
Astragalus nitidus
A. goniatus

C. Pennsylvanica vespertina Tium Drummondii
C. umbellata brevirostris Aragallus Lambertii
Tradescantia Universitatis A. sericeus
Yucca glauca Psoralea tenuiflora

i67]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

19

P. argophylla
Geranium Fremontii
Linum Lewisii
Tithymalus philorus
Nuttallia multiflora
N. stricta

Epilobium paniculatum
Gayophytiim intermedium
Meriolix serrulata
Gaura parviflora
Gilia Candida
G. pinnatifiida
G. sinuata
Collomia linearis
Phacelia heterophylla
Oreocarya virgata
Mertensia linearis
M. lanceolata
Pentstemon unilateralis
P. secundiflorus

P. gracilis
P. humilis

Castilleja linariaefolia
Campanula petiolata
Gutierrezia longi folia
G. scoparia
Chrysopsis resinolens
Solidago pallida
Townsendia grandiflora
Rudbeckia flava
Ratibida columnaris
Helianthus subrhomboideus
Gaillardia aristata
Artemisia dracunculoides
A. Forwoodii
A. frigida
A. Brittonii
Senecio Plattensis
S. Nelsonii
S. Fendleri

b. Spinosae. The vegetation of the cactus mesa con-
sists of a few species of cacti, of the prickly Ceanothus Fend-
leri, and a few other xerophytic plants and undershrubs. The
principal cacti are:

Echinocereus viridiflorus O. polyacantha
Opuntia mesacantha O. fragilis

O. rhodantha O. Greenei

c. Ensiformes. The best example of the Yucca mesa
occurs near the entrance of Bear Canon. There the ground is
practically denuded, and only sparse clumps of Yuccas and

20

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

i68

bunch-grasses occupy the ground. The two species of im-
portance are Yucca glauca and Eriocoma cuspidata.

d. Sylvestres. A good example of the wooded mesa
lies immediately back of the Chautauqua grounds. There the
bull pine has descended from the foot-hills and taken posses-
sion of the mesa. Besides the bull pine, Pinus scopulorum,
the low juniper, Jimiperus Sibirica, is of rare occurrence.
Of herbs the most noteworthy is Arnica pedunculata, which
is frequent under the pines. I found also only there Ccntun-
culus minimus, perhaps the only known station of this plant in
Colorado, since it is not included in Rydberg's Flora of Colo-
rado. It is growing with Linaria Canadensis, which is like-
wise an eastern plant.

e. Arbustales. The brush mesa assumes various forms.
Ordinarily some one species is in control. Occasionally it con-
sists of various haws, as at the entrance of Gregory Cafion,
or of a thicket of juneberries, wax-currants, and skunk-bushes.
South of Bluebell Canon is a mesa covered with the peculiar
mountain mahogany. Wild cherries and plums are frequent,
and the hackberry occasional in these shrubby thickets. The
principal species are :

Celtis reticulata
Ribes pumilum
R. longi folium
Oreobatus deliciosus
Batidaea laetissima
Cercocarpus parvifolium
Rosa Sayi

Amelanchier oreophila
Crataegus occidentalis
C. Coloradensis

C. erythropoda
Prunus Americana
P. melanocarpa
Toxicodendron Rydbergii
Schmaltzia trilobata
Ceanothus Fendleri
C. mollissimus
C. subsericeus
Symphoricarpos occidentalis

169J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21

Of herbs the vetches and vetchlings are the most im-
portant :

Vicia sparsi folia V. producta

V. dissiti folia Lathyrus leucanthus

V. oregana

f. Vallicolae. The mesa caiion has a bewildering di-
versity of floral elements, now consisting of thickets of haws
with extremely vicious thorns, wild briers, the long-beaked
hazel, and dwarf maples, now with a fontinal vegetation
strikingly like our own Carolinian. One little gulch at the
base of Flagstaff Hill has a vegetation composed quite wholly
of eastern plants. Here occur Phragmites Phragmites, Sani-
cula Marilandica^ Steironema ciliatum, Veronica Americana,
Eupatorimn maculatnm, and a form of Apios Apios, the last
of which was not known to occur west of eastern Kansas
previous to this collection. Since the streams have cut deeply
into the surface, the canon of the mesa resembles greatly the
canon of the foot-hills. There are riparian, rupestrine, clivose,
and fontinal elements compressed within the space of a few
feet. Mountain forms follow these streams often for some
distance into the plain. And yet the facies of the flora is dis-
tinctly eastern. Here are haws, hazels, maples, grapes, wild
cherries, willows, cottonwoods, dogwoods, nine-barks. The
herbs, too, have an eastern look — sweet cicelies, false Solo-
mon's seals, water-leafs, fragile ferns, avens, bog-orchids. It
is true that a closer examination reveals the fact that many of
these plants belong to species which are strictly western, yet the
fact remains that there is little in the vegetation that impresses
as strange, one who is familiar only with the eastern flora,
while all about him in plain, mesa, foot-hill, and mountain are
utterly unfamiliar types of vegetation. So in this narrow

22

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[170

zone of gulches and canons is alone to be found the exact
analogue of the Carolinian flora. The following are the im-
portant species:

Filix fragilis
Phragmites Phragmites
Carex festiva
Allium Nuttallii
A. Geyeri
A. reticulatum
Vagnera stellata
Nemexia lasioneuron
Limnorchis viridiflora
L. laxiflora

Oreobatus deliciosus
Potentilla Pennsylvanica

strigosa
Geum scopulorum
Rosa Sayi

Amelanchier oreophila
Crataegus Coloradensis
C. occidentalis
C. erythropoda
C. Doddsii

Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza C. Coloradoides

Populus Sargentii

P. acuminata

P. angustifolia

Corylus rostrata

Parietaria Pennsylvanica

P. obtusa

Humulus lupulus Neo-

Mexicanus
Cerastium occidentale
Ranunculus abortivus
Thalictrum purpurascens
Sedum stenopetalum
Heuchera parvi folia
Ribes pumilum
R. longi folium
Opulaster intermedius
O. Ramaleyi

Prunus Americana

P. Pennsylvanica

P. melanocarpa

Thermopsis divaricarpa

Amorpha fruticosa

Vicia oregana

V. producta

Apios Apios Boulderensis

Geranium Parryi

Toxicodendron Rydbergii

Acer glabrum

Rulac Negundo

R. Texanum

Vitis vulpina

Pesedera vitacea

Calceolaria linearis

Circaea alpina

I/l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 23

Aralia niidicaulis Mertensia lanceolata

Svida stolonifera Dracocephalum parviflorum

Sanicula Marilandica Mimulus Hallii

Osmorrhiza longistylis Veronica Americana

O. obtusa Galium Vaillantii

Ligusticum Porteri G. boreale

Heracleum lanatum G. flaviflorum

Steironema ciliatum Viburnum Lentago

Collomia linearis Ambrosia trifida

Hydrophyllum Fendleri Eupatorium maculatum
Macrocalyx Nyctelea

C. SUBMONTANAE

The Foot-hill Flora covers not only the true foot-hills of
the sandstone crags, but also the lower part of the mountain
plateau. The flora is rich but monotonous. In most places the
vegetation, is thin; it is mainly a forest, but the trees are
strewn but sparsely over the steep slopes. The amount of
naked rock is very great. The altitude ranges from 5,800 to
8,600 feet. Some of the main streams, such as Boulder creek,
have cut down to about 5,500 feet. Directly west of Boulder,
and lying between Boulder and Gregory Cafions, is Flagstaff
Hill with an altitude of about 6,500 feet. Southwest of Boulder
is Green Mountain, lying between Gregory and Bear Canons
and having an altitude of 8,100 feet. South of Green Moun-
tain is Bear Mountain, which attains a height of 8,600 feet,
and is the loftiest peak in the first range of foot-hills in the
vicinity of Boulder.

The Foot-hill Flora merges rather abruptly into that of the
mesas at the foot of the crags, and melts insensibly into the
Subalpine Flora as it approaches the Main Range. It reaches
its maximum development between an altitude of 6,500 and

24 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [ 172

7,000 feet. Below 6,500 feet there occur still many species be-
longing to the Great Plains ; above 7,000 feet there is a rapid
thinning out of species, and subalpine species become occas-
ional, although it is not rare for such species in cold situations
to go down to the 6,000 foot level. Yet at the summit of
Green Mountain (8,100 feet) I found the flora still consisting in
the main of the genuine foot-hill species. The Foot-hill Flora
may be gathered into four main societies : a. The wooded
slope (Sylvestres). b. The foot-hill meadow (Pratenses).
c. The foot-hill caiion (Vallicolae), d. The crevice and
cranny vegetation of the rocks (Rimosae).

a. Sylvestres.* The wooded slope society consists quite
purely of bull pine and Douglas spruce, with now and then
a few trees of other species of pine, and spruce, and fir. The
trees stand usually at wide intervals, oftenest in rows, where
some fault in the rock enables them to get a secure foothold.
Occasionally on the north slopes, which are moister than any
other, the trees stand in such close formation that it is almost
impossible to make one's way through them. Ordinarily it is
the Douglas spruce that behaves in this way, since the bull
pine prefers a more open formation. Often, two rather dis-

*Young (Bot. Gaz. 44. 321-352) finds the following forest associa-
tions about Boulder: i. Populus occidentalis — Salix fluviatilis, riparian
upon the plains, but extending somewhat up the canons. 2. Populus
angustifolia — Salix Nuttallii, riparian in the foothills. 3. Pinus scopu
lorum, sylvan on the dry slopes of the foothills. 4. Pinus Murrayana,
sylvan on the dry mountain sides. 5. Apinus flexilis, dry mountain
slopes up to timber line. 6. Pseudotsuga — Picea Engelmanni, lower
canons (submontane and montane). 7. Picea Engelmanni — Abies
lasiocarpa, upper canons (high montane and subalpine to timber line).
S. Aspen society, throughout (north slopes at low altitudes, all slopes
higher altitudes).

173]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

25

tinct forms of forest are discernible, the one of bull pine, the
Other of Douglas spruce; at other times the two are mixed.
The Douglas spruce is at its best in moist ravines, and ascends
to timber-line on the mountains, while the bull pine seldom gets
above 9,000 feet. The following are characteristic species :
Botrychium Virginianum Atragene occidentalis

Pteridium aquilinum

pubescens
Pinus scopulorum
P. Murrayana (rare)
Apinus fllexilis (rare)
Picea Parryana
Pseudotsuga mucronata
Oryzopsis micrantha
Muhlenbergia gracilis
Melica bella
Carex Deweyana
Toxicoscordion falcatum
Vagnera racemosa
V. amplexicaulis
Piperia Unalaschensis
Peramium ophioides
Populus tremuloides
Betula papyri f era

Andrewsii
Chenopodium Fremontii
Blitum capitatum
Actaea arguta
A. arguta eburnea
Aquilegia coerulea (rare)
Anemone globosa

Ranunculus abortivus
R. micrantha

Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina
Odostemon repens
Erysimum Cockerellianum
Bosseckia parviflora
Oreobatus deliciosus
Batidaea laetissima
Potentilla Hippiana
Amelanchier oreophila
Sorbus scopulina (rare)
Thermopsis divaricarpa
T. pinetorum
Tium alpinum
Homalobus tenella
H. decumbens
Lathyrus leucanthus
Xanthoxalis stricta
Ceanothus velutinus
Viola vallicola
V. Canadensis Rydbergii
Lepargyraea Canadensis
Chamaenerion angustifolium
Harbouria trachypleura

26

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[174

Aletes obovata
A. acaulis
Ligusticum Porteri
Cogswellia Grayi
Pterospora Andromedea
Chimaphila umbellata
Pyrola secunda
P. uliginosa

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi
Frasera stenosepala
Apocynum scopulorum
Phlox depressa
Lappula floribunda
L. angustata
Scutellaria Brittoni

Campanula petiolata
Specularia perfoliata
Laciniaria ligulistylis
Oreochrysum Parryi
Solidago oreophila
S. viscidula
S. radulina
S. trinervata
Eucephalus glaucus
Aster polycephalus
A. laevis
A. Porteri

Machaeranthera Bigelovii
M. aspera
Erigeron salicinus

Dracocephalum parviflorum E. macranthus

Prunella vulgaris

Monarda menthaefolia

M. mollis

Scrophularia occidentalis

Pentstemon oreophilus

P. alpinus

P. humilis

Castilleja linariaefolia

C. cognata

C. integra

C. confusa

Galium boreale

G. triflorum

Sambucus microbotrys

Linnaea Americana

Antennaria oxyphylla
Anaphalis subalpina
Gnaphalium Wrightii
Rudbeckia flava
Achillaea lanulosa
Arnica cordi folia
Senecio salicinus
S. Nelsonii
S. Fendleri
Cirsium Americanum
C. erosum
Crepis petiolata
C. angustata
Hieracium albiflorum
H. Fendleri

Symphoricarpos occidentalis Agoseris rostrata

175] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 27

b. Pratenses. The foot-hill meadow is not very unhke
the mesa meadow ; the species are in part the same, but there
is no sharp Hne between the flora of the foot-hill forest and the
foot-hill meadow, on account of the openness of the former.
Only where the forest is dense enough to have a truly sylvan
floor, are the light-loving plants absent. The foot-hill meadow
society includes various grasses and certain herbs, such as
painted-cups, fleabanes, Mariposa lilies, anemones, gaillardias,
and the like. The following are the characteristic grasses and
sedges :

Stipa comata B. Pumpellianus

S. viridula Agropyron Vaseyi

S. Nelsonii A. Richardsoni

S. Scribneri A. violaceum

Calamagrostis purpurascens A. pseudorepens
Koeleria cristata Elymus ambiguus

Poa platyphylla E. strigosus

P. crocata E. villiflorus

P. longiligula Carex marcida

P. longipedunculata C. Douglasii

Festuca brachyphylla C. festiva

F. confinis C. petasata

Bromus lanatipes C. pratensis

B. Richardsonii C. siccata

c. Vallicoiae. The foot-hill canon society consists of
dense thickets of hazel, dwarf birch, willows, dogwoods, al-
ders, and the like. About springs and along small rills is
found a brief fontinal vegetation, the most delicate of all the
plant-groups — mosses, liverworts, ferns, tway-blades, adder's-
mouths, twisted-stalks, mountain lilies, shooting stars, cresses,
sedges, and bog-orchids. The foot-hill canon flora differs from

28

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

176

the mesa canon principally in the absence of the chaparral ele-
ment, the haws and wild plums being absent. Most of the re-
maining shrubs and arborescent plants are identical — the
dwarf maple, the birch, the dogwood, the beaked hazel, the
wild cherries, and the cottonwoods. The following are the
chief species :

Equisetum laevigatum

Cinna lati folia

Avena striata

Eatonia Pennsylvanica

Poa tri flora

Panicularia nervata

P. Holmii

Carex tenella

C. Hoodii

C. festiva

C, aurea

Juncus Balticus montanus

Juncoides parviflorum

Allium Geyeri

A. reticulatum

Lilium Philadelphicum

montanum
Vagnera stellata
Streptopus amplexifolius
Disporum majus
Limnorchis viridiflora
L. laxiflora
Ibidium Romanzoffianum

strictum
Ophrys borealis
Acroanthes monophylla

Populus Sargentii
P. angustifolia
Salix caudata
S. perrostrata
S. Bebbiana
Betula fontinalis
Alnus tenui folia
Corylus rostrata
Crunocallis Chamissoi
Clematis ligusticifolia
Ranunculus reptans
R. abortivus
Thalictrum Fendleri
Thlaspi Nuttallii
T, Coloradense
Draba streptocarpa
Ribes Purpusi
Opulaster intermedius
O. Ramaleyi
O. glabratus
O, monogynus
Rubus triflorus
Fragaria bracteata
Geum strictum
G. Oregonense
Rosa Macounii

177]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

29

R. Fendleri
R. aciculata
R. Maximiliani
Prunus Pennsylvanica
P. melanocarpa
Geranium Richardsonii
Acer glabrum
Epilobium adenocaulon
Circaea alpina
Aralia nudicaulis
Svida stolonifera
Heracleum lanatum
Angelica ampla
Dodecatheon radicatum
D. sinuatum

Mertensia punctata
M. viridula
M. lanceolata
Collinsia tenella
Mimulus floribundus
Veronica Americana
Distegia involucrata
Adoxa Moschatellina
Solidago Pitcheri
S. polyphylla
Gymnolomia multiflora
Rudbeckia laciniata
Bahia dissecta
Senecio hydrophyllus
S. perplexus

Am.arella scopulorum

d. Rimosae. The crevice and cranny vegetation of the
rocks consists of hchens, rupestrine ferns, ahim roots, orpines,
selaginellas, and many shrubs, such as the Jamesia, the wax-
currant, juneberries, flowering raspberries, sahnonberries,
roses, and gooseberries. The Rocky Mountain red cedar
stands often in grotesquely gnarled and twisted forms at
the verges of the crags. It mav be remarked that this flora
is of prime importance, since so large a portion of the region
consists of naked rock. In fact the foot-hill flora in general
is more or less rupestrine in character. There is gathered here
only the strictly rock-loving vegetation. These are typical
species :

Polypodium hesperium W. oregana

Dryopteris Filix-mas Filix fragilis

Woodsia scopulina Cryptogramma acrostichoides

30 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [178

Cheilanthes Feei Edwinia Americana

C. Fendleri Ribes Purpusi

Asplenium Trichomanes R. pumilum

A. Andrewsii Oreobatus deliciosus

Belvisia septentrionalis Rosa melina

Selaginella Underwoodii Amelanchier oreophila

Sabina scopulorum Xylophacos Parryi

Parietaria Pennsylvanica Androsace puberulenta

Talinum parviflorum A. pinetorum

Physaria didymocarpa Coleosanthns minor

P. floribunda C. albicaulis

Sedum stenopetalum Chrysopsis caudata

Heuchera bracteata Senecio Nelsonii

Micranthes rhomboidea S. longipetiolatus

D. MONTANAE

The Montane Flora begins at about the 8,000 foot level,
though, as we have seen, on the isolated peaks of the first
range of foot-hills the Foot-hill Flora still largely persists even
to the summits, or some 600 feet higher. The Montane Flora
extends upward to the approximate altitude of 10,000 feet.
It is for the most part a forest of lodgepole pine. The zone
includes the slopes of the main range below 10,000 feet, and
also the higher portions of the adjacent mountain plateau.
Some of its characteristic species, indeed, tend to spread
throughout the mountain plateau, and in cold valleys may
even go as low as 6,000 feet. The montane as also the
subalpine slopes have abundant rainfall, showers occur-
ring nearly every afternoon. At least this was true of the sum-
mer of 1906. The ground is often boggy and springy, and
cold with snow water. On north and east slopes the snow
remains in the higher and deeper valleys till midsummer;

1/9] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 3 1

hence the flowering season is short. In a period of about six
weeks, from the middle of July to the first of September, the
main part of the vegetation in these cool valleys is brought to
perfection. Species, which on the mesas had bloomed before
my arrival on the eighteenth of June, I found just in blossom
at Eldora on the mountainsides August thirty-first.

I saw too little of the Montane Flora, since I spent only
six days in collections, where it occurs, to be able to separate
it definitely into plant-societies. But the chief types as I saw it
at Ward, Eldora, and Glacier lake, will be briefly described.
In the Montane Subzone there are, perhaps, six tolerably
distinct types of vegetation-association: a. The montane
forest (Sylvales). b. The montane bog (Paludosae). c.
The montane lake (Lacustres). d. The arid brush slope
(Arbustales). e. The montane meadow (Pratenses). f.
The montane stream (Amnicolae).

a. Sylvales. The montane sylva consists of a close for-
est of lodgepole pine interspersed with some bull pine and
Rocky Mountain white pine, as well as with the various
spruces and firs. The spruces and firs occur principally in the
valleys, while on the barren ridges, the pines assume a scrub-
like form. On these ridges occur many peculiar species of
dwarf herbs — golden rods, asters, fleabanes, cat's-feet, actin-
ellas, groundsels. A few of the more characteristic species of
the montane sylva are the following :

Pinus scopulorum Pseudotsuga mucronata

P. Murrayana Abies lasiocarpa

Apinus flexilis Calamagrostis purpurascens

Picea Engelmanni Trisetum subspicatum

P. Parryana Avena striata

32

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[i8o

Poa longipedunculata
Agropyron Arizonicum
A. andinum
A. violaceum
Carex Geyeri
Cytherea bulbosa
Populus tremuloides
Aquilegia coerulea
Delphinium occidentalis

Erysimum Cockerellianum

Draba streptocarpa

D. aurea

Ribes lentum

Potentilla concinna

Fragaria glauca

Thermopsis divaricarpa

Tium alpinum

Atelophragma elegans

Aragallus deflexus

Conioselinum scopulorum

Eutoca sericea

Pentstemon oreophilus

P. alpinus

Castilleja integra

C. confusa

C. lauta

C. lanci folia

C. sulphurea

Pedicularis racemosa

P. Grayi

Symphoricarpos oreophilus

Chrysopsis Bakeri

Oreochrysum Parryi

Solidago decumbens

S. oreophila

Eucephalus Engelmannii

Aster Underwoodii

A. Porteri

A. Andrewsii

Erigeron multifidus

E. trifidus

E. glandulosus

E. superbus
E. macranthus
E. speciosus
E. subtrinervis
E. eximius
Antennaria concinna
A. parvifolia
A. aprica

Anaphalis subalpina
Tetraneuris lanigera
Artemisia silvicola
Senecio pudicus
S. lanatifolius
S. ambrosioides
Cirsium Coloradense
Hieracium albiflorum
Agoseris Leontodon
A. humilis

b. Paludosae. The montane bog is characterized by
the presence of the quaking aspen and other Hudsonian plants.

i8i]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

33

The aspen, however, is not confined to the bogs, but forms
groves in sHght depressions throughout the mountains, and oc-
curs on Green Mountain not much, if any, above 6,000 feet.
The aspen occurs in the drier portions of the bogs along with
other uHginose plants. The bog vegetation is very rich in
species. A fine specimen of the montane bog is found just
west of Eldora at an elevation of 8,600 feet. The following
are characteristic species :

Muhlenbergia simplex

M. filiformis

Phleum alpinum

Cinna latifolia

Trisetum montanum

T. subspicatum

Merathrepta intermedia

Poa reflexa

P. Vaseyana

Carex canescens

C. occidentalis

C. ebenea

C. Goodenovii

C. utriculata

Juncus Saximontanus

Juncoides parviflorum

Limnorchis stricta

L. borealis

Ibidium strictum

Populus tremuloides

Salix Scouleriana

S. brachycarpa

S. glaucops

S. chlorophylla

Betula glandulosa
Rumex densiflorus
Polygonum confertiflorum
Alsine longifolia
Aconitum Columbianum
A. insigne
A. ochroleucum
Ranunculus cardiophyllus
R. inamoenus
R. micropetalus
R. pedatifidus
Pectianthia pentandra
Micranthes arguta
Parnassia fimbriata
Dasiphora fruticosa
Sidalcea Candida
Viola palustris
V. pallens

Epilobium adenocaulon
E. rubescens
E. anagallidi folium
Oxypolis Fendleri
Dodecatheon philoscia
Anthopogon barbellatus

34 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [ l8^

Amarella plebeja E. jucundus

Pleurogyne fontana Gnaphalium palustre

Allocarya scopulonim Artemisia biennis

Mimulus puberiihis Senecio triangularis

Veronica Wormskjoldii S. admirabilis

Elephantella Groenlandica S. cymbalarioides

Erigeron minor Crepis denticulata
E. lonchophyllus

c. Lacustres.* The montane lacustrine and marginal
vegetation I saw only at Glacier lake. Besides some aquatic
grasses, notably Deschampsia caespitosa, there occur the float-
ing bur-reed, Sparganiwn angustifolium, the white water-
crowfoot, Batrachium flaccidum, and the aquatic mudwort,
Limosella aquatica. The yellow pond-lily, Nyniphaea poly-
sepala, grows also in some of these high lakes.

d. Arbustales. The arid brush slope vegetation consists
quite wholly of the true sage-brush, Artemisia tridentata. This
community is rare in the region, and I have seen it only be-
tween Glacier lake and Eldora near Bluebird mine.

e. Pratenses. The montane meadow is truly a paradise
of flowers. It is not uncommon to see acre upon acre of
meadow glorious with purple and blue and red and yellow and
white and scarlet. Never have I seen flowers anywhere else
in such profusion nor with such gorgeous hues — monkshoods,
larkspurs, louseworts, milk-vetches, locoweeds, squawweeds,
death-camasses, grasses, rushes, sedges, and blue-eyed grasses.
The following species are typical :

*For a detailed account of the vegetation of tliese high lakes, con-
sult the paper by Ramaley and Robbins on Redrock lake near Ward
(Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6. 133-168).

i83]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

35

Muhlenbergia Richardsonis Anemone globosa

M. simplex

Phleum alpinum

Agrostis asperifolia

Deschampsia caespitosa

Poa pratensis

P. reflexa

P. leptocoma

P. interior

P. Vaseyana

Festuca rubra

Carex occidentalis

C. Hoodii

C. festiva

C. ebenea

C. petasata

C. lanuginosa

Anticlea Coloradensis

Juncus longistylis

J. parous

J. Saximontanus

Sisyrinchium alpestre

S. angusti folium

Delphinium occidentale

Aconitum porrectum

A. Columbianum

A. insigne

A. ochroleucum

Clementsia rhodantha
Potentilla pulcherrima
P. Hippiana
P. propinqua
Dasiphora fruticosa
Geum Oregonense
Erythrocoma ciliata
Tium alpinum
Homalobus tenellus
Aragallus Lambertii
A. patens
A. Richardsonii
Geranium Richardsonii
Sidalcea Candida
Dodecatheon radicatum
Castilleja sulphurea
Elephantella Groenlandica
Pedicularis Grayi
Valeriana ceratophylla
Erigeron Smithii
Arnica subplumosa
Senecio scopulinus
S. chloranthus
S. pseudaureus
Agoseris parviflora
A. laciniata
A. humilis
a montane rupestrine society.

There is, of course,
Rupestres, but I am too little acquainted with it to be
able to give an adequate account of it. I, however, noted the

36 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [184

anstromontane saxifrage, Leptasea austromontana, and the
glandular phacelia, PhaccUa glandulosa. There is also a brief
campestrian vegetation about Eldora, reproducing, in other
species, the facies of the Great Plains, Campestres;
I may instance as species : Grindelia snhalpina, G. Eldorae,
Chrysothauinus Parryi, and C. elegans.

f. Amnicolae. The montane stream vegetation is seen
at its best about small rills. Along the larger streams it as-
sumes a typical riparian aspect, much like tb.at of the canon
society of the foot-hills along the large streams. Since the
water in these streams is very cold inasmuch as they are fed
from the wasting snows of the alpine valleys, the montane
vegetation can scarcely be distinguished from the true sub-
alpine vegetation of the streams. The list of species will,
therefore, be deferred until tb.e subalpine stream vegetation
is reached.

E. SUBALPESTRES

The Subalpine zone extends from about the loooo foot
level to timberline, and hence coincides with the upper slopes
of the Main Range. It is in the main a forest of Engelmann
spruce, with occasional high meadows and bogs. Lakes, too,
are numerous.

I have personal knowledge of only two formations : a.
The subalpine forest (Sylvales). b. The subalpine stream
(Amnicolae).

a. Ses. Ival. The subalpine forest consists mainly of
Engelmann spruce, Picea Engelmanni, and balsam ^r, Abies
lasiocarpa. I have but a very slight knowledge of the herbs
characterizing this formation, but I noticed along the Arapahoe
Trail the following species, which I had not seen in the mon-

i85]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

37

tane forest : Eriogonmn subalpinum, Arnica Parr\i, and Sene-
cio atratus. A large number of the montane sylvan species
were observed.

b. Amnicolae. The subalpine stream vegetation is very
luxuriant. It has on the one hand a very close affinity with
the montane stream vegetation, and on the other with that of
the wet alpine tundra. Not only does the snow linger late in
these high valleys, the water of the streams is also very cold.
In the list that follows the montane species are included as
well :

Poa platyphylla
P. alpina
Carex Goodenovii
Populus balsam! f era
P. angustifolia
Salix caudata
S. Scouleriana
Betula fontinalis
Alnus tenuifolia
Bistorta bistortioides
Alsine Baicalensis
Caltha leptosepala
Trollius albiflorus
Anemone Canadensis
Ranunculus reptans
R. inamoenus
R. micropetalus

Cardamine cordi folia
C. incana

Clementsia rhodantha
Pectianthia pentandra
Micranthes arguta
Parnassia fimbriata
Sidalcea Candida
Oxypolis Fendleri
Primula Parryi
Swertia palvstris
Polemonium robustum
Mertensia polyphylla
Mimulus Langsdorfii
AT. puberulus

Helianthella quinquenervis
Senecio triangularis

I am almost wholly unacquainted with the remaining sub-
alpine formations, such as the lacustrine, palustrous, rupes-
trine, the subalpine summit and high ridge floras. I saw a

38 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [186

little of these at Ward and on the high slopes above Bloomer-
ville, and on Arapahoe Peak just below timberline, but I am
unable to give any clear account of the vegetation.*

F. ALPESTRESt

Between ii,ooo and 12,000 feet tree-growth ceases ab-
ruptly. The spruces and firs bend and hug the ground. The
willows branch and fork underground and rise to the height
of but a few inches. The precise altitude of the timberline
depends somewhat on the exposure, and differs, therefore,
from peak to peak, but 11,500 feet is, perhaps, on an average
the lower limit of the alpine zone. I am acquainted with this
zone only on Arapahoe Peak, where I spent one day, Septem-
ber first, and collected some no species, most of them above
timberline. The total number of species knov/n to reach an
altitude of 12,000 feet, or above, in Colorado is 386.*

The alpine flora may be conveniently gathered into two
societies: a. The wet alpine tundra (Tundrales). b. The
dry rock-desert (Alpinae) of the summits.

a. Tundrales. The wet tundra occupies the region of
cold water-soaked soil. The water from the wasting snows
collects in depressions, streams are formed, and along these the

*I refer the reader to the excellent paper on Redrock lake near
Ward, by Ramaley and Robbins (Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168).

fConsult for the Alpine Flora Cooper's Alpine vegetation in the vi-
cinity of Long's Peak, Colorado (Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337)- He recog-
nizes three plant formations: I. The dry meadow. 2. The wet mead-
ow. 3. The Krummholtz. The latter, while striking enough, is rather
but the upper level of the spruce forest, striving to persist in Alpine con-
ditions.

JFor a list of these see the article by Cockerell on the Alpine Flora
of Colorado (Am. Nat., 40, 86-873).

i87]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

39

vegetation clings. Often the streams flow concealed under the
dwarf spruces and firs, their existence there being known
only by their roaring underneath. Parry's primrose, saxi-
frages, globeflowers, white cowslips, gentians, red elephants,
several sedges, grasses, and rushes are examples of the wet
tundra vegetation. The Krummholtz of spruce and fir at the
timberline consists chiefly of Engelmann spruce, Picea Engel-
manni, and balsam fir, Abies lasiocarpa. The wet tundra con-
tinues down to the lower edge of the alpine zone, whence it de-
scends and coalesces with the subalpine stream vegetation.
The following are characteristic species :

Lycopodium annotinum Trollius albiflorus

Picea Engelmanni

Abies lasiocarpa

Alopecurus occidentalis

Trisetum ma jus

Poa reflexa

P. leptocoma

P. alpicola

P. alpina

Carex festiva

C. ebenea

C. bella

Juncus Drummondii

Juncoides spicatum

Salix glaucops

S. chlorophylla

Bistorta bistortioides

B. vivipara

Alsine Baicalensis

Caltha leptosepala

Ranunculus pedatifidus
R. alpeophilus
Thiaspi Coloradense
Draba Fladnizensis
Clementsia rhodantha
Pectianthia pentandra
Saxifraga debilis
Micranthes arguta
Viola Canadensis Neo-

Mexican!
Angelica Grayi
Pseudocymopterus

tenuifolius
Kaimia microphylla
Primula Parryi
Androsace subumbellata
A. diffusa

Anthopogon elegans
A. barbellatus

40 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [l88

Amarella monantha Erigeron jucundus

A. plebeja Holmii E. salsuginosus

Swertia pakistris E. superbus

Mertensia polyphylla Senecio carthamoides

Veronica Wormskjoldia S. blitoides

Castilleja Arapahoensis S. pseudaureus

Elephantella Groenlandica Hieracium gracile
Pedicularis Parryi

b. Alpinae. The dry rock-desert lies mingled with or
above the wet tundra and extends to the summit, wherever there
is soil not covered with snow. The vegetation suffers from ex-
treme exposure, and grows close to the ground, seldom, unless
sheltered by rocks, rising more than an inch or two in height.
In sheltered places under rocks, even at this extreme altitude,
I found several beautiful clusters of the blue columbine, the
state flower of Colorado, with stems twelve to eighteen inches
high, and with blossoms two inches across. The wooly-headed
thistle, too, was found of the same height. But in general
the vegetation is much dwarfed. Next to the wet tundra the
Krummholtz of spruce and fir still persists, under which I
detected some fine specimens of club-moss ; but farther up
there is no shrubby vegetation except the underground wil-
lows. The vegetation grows in little rounded tussocks, and
consists of the alpine catch-fly, rock-primrose scarcely half
an inch high, sibbaldia, dryas, alpine clovers, dwarf sedges,
grasses, and rushes, and, last of all, the little yellow saxi-
frages and the snowflowers, which are often blossoming at the
snow-line. Now and then on the high exposed ridges the
beautiful rydbergia rises five or six inches above the mountain
turf, its stems and leaves and large yellow flowers swathed
in dense wool. For what must be the tribulations of this

i89]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

41

alpine vegetation at the line of perpetual snow, with the alter-
nate freezing by night and thawing by day, with the keen light,
and bleak winds, and the fierce fury of the storms? And yet
the alpine flora is exquisitely beautiful. It shares the fascina-
tion of its sublime mountain home, to which it lends the only
touch of delicate grace. I append a list of alpine summit
species, most of which I found on Arapahoe Peak or are known
to grow there :

Trisetum subspicatum

Poa crocata

P. rupicola

P. Pattersonii

P. longipedunculata

Festuca brachyphylla

F. minutiflora

Agropyron violaceum

Carex incurva

C. atrata

C. chalciolepis

C. rigida

C. chimaphila

C. nigricans

C. Pyrenaica

C. rupestris

C. obtusata

C. capillaris

Juncus triglumis

J. castaneus

Allium Pikeanum

Erythronium parvifiorum

Lloydia serotina

Salix pseudolapponicum
S. petrophila
S. Saximontana
Monolepis Nuttalliana
Oxyria digyna
Paronychia pulvinata
Claytonia megarrhiza
Oreobroma pygmaea
Arenaria Tweedyi
A. Fendleri
Alsinopsis propinqua
A. obtusiloba
Silene acaulis
Aquilegia coerulea
Ranunculus adoneus
Thlaspi Nuttallii
T. purpurascens
Erysimum nivale
E. Cockerellianum
Draba crassifolia
D. cana
D. streptocarpa
D. luteola

42

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

190

D. aureiformis

D. aurea

D. decumbens

Sedum stenopetalum

Heiichera Hallii

H. parvifolia

Micranthes rhomboidea

Leptasea chrysantha

L. austromontana

L. flagellaris

Potentilla dissecta

Sibbaldia procumbens

Erythrocoma ciliata

Acomastylis turbinata

A. Arapahoensis

Dryas octopetala

Amelanchier polycarpa

Trifolium Hvidum

T. dasyphyllum

Epilobium anagallidi folium

Vaccinium scopariuni

Primula angustifolia

P. Parryi

Dasystephana Romanzovii

D. Parryi

Polemonium scopulinum

P. delicatum

P. Brandegeei

Eutoca sericea

Mertensia alpina

M. perplexa

Pentstemon glaucus

stenosepalus
Chionophila Jamesii
Besseya alpina
Castilleja occidentalis
Pedicularis scopulorum
Campanula uniflora
Tonestus pygmaeus
Solidago decumbens
Erigeron pinnatisectus
E. multifidus
E. melanocephalus
E. simplex
E. leucotrichus
Antennaria media
A. umbrinella
A, imbricata
A. corymbosa
A. aprica
A. anaphaloides
Tetraneuris lanigera
Rydbergia grandiflora
Artemisia spithamea
Arnica platyphylla
A. Parryi
Senecio crassulus
S. atratus
S. crocatus
Cirsium scopulorum
C. griseum
Crepis alpicola

191] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 43

IV. SPECIAL CLASSES OF PLANTS

Independent of the five great zones of vegetation are two
special classes of plants : A. The saprophytic and parasi-
tic plants (SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITI-
CALES). B. The plants which largely owe their presence to
human agency (ANTHROPOPHYTICALES). These
consist of the various cultural plants, of weeds, and of es-
capes.

A. SAPROPHYTICALES ET PARASITICALES

Besides the saprophytic and parasitic fungi there are a
few phanerogams, which are destitute of chlorophyl and are
true saprophytes or parasites. The following are known to
occur in the region :

Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza (saprophytic in rich soil)

C. multiflora (saprophytic in rich soil)

Razoumofskya Americana (parasitic on lodgepole pine)

R. cryptopoda (parasitic on bull pine)

Pterospora Andromedea (parasitic on the roots of bull
pine)

Cuscuta curta (parasitic on Iva xanthifolia and other
coarse herbs)

C. indecora (parasitic on Thennopsis pinetorum and other
legumes)

Thalesia fasciculata (parasitic on Artemisia frigida and
other Composites)

There are also a few root-parasites with green foliage,
notably Comandra pallida, Gerardia Besseyana, and the Cas-
tillejas.

B. ANTHBOPOPHYTICALES

Only three kinds of anthropophytic plants need concern
us here: a. Forage plants (Faenales), which have become

44

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[192

thoroughly naturalized, b. Weeds (Ruderales). c. Cul-
tural and ornamental plants that have escaped (Fugitivae).
a. Faenales. Most of the common forage grasses and
clovers have become thoroughly established about Boulder.
I have noted the following:

Phleum pratense
Agrostis alba
Dactylis glomerata
Poa pratensis
P. compressa
P. trivialis

Festuca elatior
Lolium Italicum
Tri folium pratense
T. repens
T. hybridura
Medica sativa

b. Ruderales. In the appended list of weeds only those
that have been introduced from elsewhere, or^ if native, are
also common weeds in many parts of the United States, have
been included. However, many native species, such as the
various gum-weeds and spurges, must often be bad weeds in
cultivated grounds. But to do justice to the ruderal aspects
of the native flora would require much special study, such as
one is unable to make in the course of a few weeks, and es-
pecially one who is unfamiliar with agriculture as carried on
in Colorado. I noted the following weeds :

Syntherisma sanguinale B. secalinus

Panicum capillare
Echinochloa Crus-galli
Chaetochloa glauca
C. viridis

Cenchrus Carolinianus
Avena fatua
Eragrostis major
Poa annua
Bromus brizaeformis

B. hordeaceus
B. tectorum
Rumex Acetosella
R. crispus
R. obtusifolius
Polygonum erectum
P. aviculare
Persicaria Persicaria
Tiniaria Convolvulus

193]

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO

45

Chenopo'lium leptophyllum
C. album
C. hybridum
C. Botrys
Salsola Tragus
Amaranthus retroflexus
A. blitoides

A. graecizens
Mollugo verticillata
Portulaca oleracea
P. retusa

Alsine media
Silene antirrhina
S. noctiflora
Vaccaria Vaccaria
Thlaspi arvense
Bursa • Bursa-pastoris
Sisymbrium officinale
Brassica juncea

B. nigra
Camelina sativa

Mentha spicata
Physalis Virginiana
P. heterophylla
Datura Stramonium
D. Tatula

Verbascum Thapsus
V. Blattaria
Veronica serpyllifolia
V. Byzantina
Plantago major
P. lanceolata
Micrampelis lobata
Iva xanthifolia
I. axillaris
Ambrosia trifida
A. artemisifolia
A. psilostachya
Xanthium commune
Erigeron ramosus
Leptilon Canadense
Helianthus petiolaris

Tridophyllum Monspeliensis Bidens vulgata

Medicago Lupulina
Melilotus alba
M. officinale
Erodium cicutarium
Malva rotundi folia
Pastinaca sativa
Convolvulus arvensis
Nepeta Cataria
Glecoma hederacea
Leonurus Cardiaca

Boebera papposa
Anthemis Cotula
Tragopogon pratensis
T. porrifolius
Cichorium Intybus
Taraxacum Taraxacum
Lactuca integrata
Sonchus arvense
S. asper

46

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES

[194

J

c. Fugitivae. I noted
Chaetochloa Italica
Avena sativa
Triticum vulgare
Hordeum sativum

hexastichon
Asparagus officinale
Atriplex hortensis
Saponaria officinalis
Delphinium Ajacis
Papaver Argemone
Armoracia Armoracia

the following escapes :
Brassica campestris
Koniga maritima *--
Raphanus sativus
Ribes vulgare v'

Althaea rosea ^

Carum Carvi
Pharbitis purpurea
Lycopsis arvensis
Lycium vulgare
Lycopersicon Lycopersicon ^

v/

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76, 1908.

Clements, Frederic E. Formation and succession herbaria.
Univ. of Neb. Studies, 4, 329-355.

Cockerell, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat.
40, 861-873.

Cooper, William S. Alpine vegetation in the vicinity of Long's
Peak, Colorado. Bot. Gaz., 45, 319-337.

Dodds, Gideon S. Students of mesa and foothill vegetation, I.
1. Geology and physiography of the mesas. Univ. of Colo. Studies,
6, 11-19.

Ramaley, Francis. Botanical opportunity in Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 5-10.

Ramaley, Francis, Botany of northeastern Larimer County,
Colo. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 119-131.

Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185.

Ramaley, Francis. Remarks on some Northern Colorado plant
communities with special reference to Boulder Park (Tolland, Col-
orado). Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 223-236.

Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, I. Trees of the Pine
family in Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 109-122.

Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, II. The poplars,
aspens, and cottonwoods. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 4, 187-197.

Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado, 888. Woody plants
of Boulder County. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 47-63.

Ramaley, Francis. Studies of mesa and foothill vegetation,
I. 2. Climatology of the mesas near B'oulder. Univ. of Colo. Stud-
ies, 6, 19-31.

Ramaley, Francis. The University of Colorado mountain lab-
oratory. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 7, 91-95.

195] 47

48 BIBLIOGRAPHY [ 196

Ramaley, Francis, and Robbins, W. W. Ecological notes from
North-Central Colorado. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 5, 111-117.

Ramaley, Fancis, and Robbins, W. W. Studies in lake and
streamside vegetation, I. Redrock lake near Ward, Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168.

Robbins, W, W. Climatology and vegetation in Colorado. Bot.
Gaz., 49, 256-280.

Robbins, W. W. Studies in mesa and foothill vegetation, I. 4.
Distribution of deciduous trees and shrubs on the mesas. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 36-49.

Robbins, W. W., and Dodds, G. S. Studies in mesna and foot-
hill vegitation, I. 3. Distribution of conifers os the mesas. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 6, 31-36.

Shantz, H. L. A biological study of the lakes of the Pike's
Peak region. Trans. Am. Micro. Soc, 27, 75-98.

Shantz, H. L. A study of the vegetation of the mesa region
east of Pike's Peak. Bot. Gaz. 42, 16-47; 179-207.

Young, R. T. Forest formations of Boulder County, Colorado.
Bot. Gaz. 44, 321-352.

FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO,
AND VICINITY

Subkingdom L PTERIDOPHYTA» Fern-worts.

Order i. OPHIOGLOSSALES.

Family i. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. Adder's-tongue
family.

1. BOTRYCHIXJM Swartz. Moonwort.

1. B. Virginianum (L.) Swartz. Virginia grape-fern.
Forested slopes of Green Mt., above 7000 ft.; very scarce,

only two or three plants discovered (Daniels, 606).*

Labrador to British Columbia; Florida to Texas and
Washington.

Order 1. FILICALES.
Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Polypody family.

2. POLYPODIUM L. Polypody.

2. P. hesperium Maxon. Western polypody.

On a single rock in a canon on the north slope of Green
Mt., 7500 ft. (Daniels, 605).

Montana to British Columbia and Washington; Colo-
rado to Arizona.

3. BRYOPTERIS Adans. Shield-fern.

3. D. Filix-mas (L.) Schott [Aspidium Filix-mas (L.)
Swartz]. Male-fern.

Summit of South Boulder Peak; Bear Canon; high cafions
of Green Mt.; Boulder Cafion near Falls; apparently quite

* See preface for explanation of numbers.

197] 49

50 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [198

evenly, but not abundantly distributed throughout in moist
rocky canons, 6000-8600 ft. (Daniels, 555).

Nova Scotia and Michigan to Alaska; New Mexico and
Colorado to California.

4. WOQDSIA R. Br.

4. W. scopulina D. C. Eaton. Cliff Woodsia.

The most abundant fern of the foot-hills and lower moun-
tainsides, occurring wherever rocks are exposed to the sur-
face, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 156).

Michigan to British Columbia; Colorado and Arizona
to California.

5. W. Oregana D. C. Eaton. Mountain Woodsia.

With the preceding, but much scarcer, and ranging to the
timberline or above, 5600-1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 361). Long's
Peak (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Michigan to British Columbia; Colorado and Arizona
to California.

5. FIIIX Adans. Bladder-fern.

6. F. fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.].

Fragile-fern.
Throughout on the moister rocks; apparently the only
fern of the plains region, 5100-13000 ft. (Daniels, 23).
Almost cosmopolitan.

6. PTERIDIUM Scop. Bracken.

7. P. aquilinum pubescens Underw. Hairy brake.

Canons of Green Mt., and gulches at the foot of the Flat-
irons; Bear Cafion; local, but abundant where found, 5800-
loooo ft. (Daniels, 277)

Montana and Colorado to Arizona and California.

7. CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Parsley-fern.

8. C. acrostichoides R. Br. Rock parsley-fern.

High ridges of rock, descending on Green Mt. to about
6500 ft., thence to above iiooo ft. (Daniels, 271).
Michigan to Alaska; Colorado to California.

199] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 5 1

8. CHEILANTHES Swartz. Lip-feRxN.

9. C. Feci Moore [C. gracilis Alett. ; C. lanuginosa Nutt.].
Woolly lip-fern.

Growing with Asplenmm Andretvsii K. Nelson on the south
face of a white sandstone (alkaline) cliff extending along
Boulder creek for a mile or more (Andrews, in Nelson, Proc.
of the Biol. Soc, of Wash., 17, 175).

Illinois and Minnesota to British Columbia; Missouri
to Texas and Arizona.

10. C. Fendleri Hook. Fendler's lip-fern.
Dry rocks, Boulder, 5900-8500 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado and Texas to California.

9. ASPLENITJM L. Spleenwort.

11. A. Trichomanes L. Maiden-hair spleenwort.
Limestone rocks. South Boulder Caiion, 5400-7000 ft.

(Rydberg).

North America: Europe: Asia: South Africa: Pacific
Islands.

12. A. Andrewsii A. Nelson. Andrews's spleenwort.
Growing abundantly in crevices with Cheilanthes Feci

Moore (Andrews, in Nelson, loc. cit. pp. 174-175).
Known only from the type locality as above.

10. BELVISIA Mirb. Grass-fern.

13. B, septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. [Asplenium septentrio-
nalis (L.) Hoffm.] Northern grass-fern.

Bald ridges of Green Mt. ; south slope of Bear Mt.; South
Boulder Cafion, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 358).
South Dakota to Montana; New Mexico to Arizona.

52 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [200

Order 3. EQUISETALES.
Family 3. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horsetail family.

11. EaUISETTJM L. Horsetail.

14. E. arvense L. Field horsetail.

Swales and shores of streams; sandy moist meadows, 5100-
loooo ft. (Daniels, 260).
North America: Europe: Asia.

15. E. laevigatum A. Br. Smooth scouring rush.

Along streams and railway embankments in the plains
and on the mountains, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 392).

New Jersey to British Columbia; North Carolina to
Mexico and California.

Order 4. LYCOPODIALES.
Family 4. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Clubmoss family.

12. LYCOPODIUM L. Clubmoss.

16. L. annotinum L. Stiff clubmoss

Under dwarf and procumbent shrubs, hidden almost com-
pletely from view, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, IIOOO-
II 500 ft. (Daniels, 879).

Labrador to Alaska; West Virginia to Colorado and
Washington: Europe: Asia.

Family 5. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. Selaginella
family.

13. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Little clubmoss.

17. S. densa Rybd.[5". Engelmanni Hieron.] Dense Sela-
ginella.

Forests, Redrock lake, 10 100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
South Dakota to Montana ; Nebraska to Colorado.

173^. S. Underwoodii Hieron. [S. riipcstris Fendlcri Un-
derw."]. Underwood's selaginella.

Common on exposed rocks, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 151).
Redrock lake loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).

Colorado to New Mexico.

20l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 53

Subkingdom IL SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed plants.
Class I. GYMNOSPERMAE.

Order 5. FINALES.
Family 6. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine family.

14. PINTJS L. Pine.

18. P. scopiilonim (Engelm.) Lemmon [P. ponderosa scopu-
lorum Engelm.]. Bull pine.

Common on the higher mesas, foothills, and mountains,
5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 97).

South Dakota and Nebraska to Montana; Texas to
Arizona.

19. P. contorta Murrayana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. Lodge
pole pine.

Mountains about Ward, and between Sugarloaf Mt. and
Glacier Lake, 7000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 302).
Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

15. APIFUS Necker. Cembra pine.

20. A. flexilis (James) Rydb. [Pinus flexilis James].
Rocky Mountain white pine.

Rare on high ridges of Green Mt.; also at Ward, 7300-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 771).
Alberta to Texas and California.

16. PICEA Link. Spruce.

21. P. Engelmanni (Parry) Engelm. Engelmann spruce.
Bear Canon; Boulder Canon near Falls; common upon the

main range of the mountains, 7000 (Bear Cafion) -iiooo ft.
(Daniels, 294).

Alberta to British Columbia; New Mexico to Arizona.

22. P. Parryana (Andree) Sarg. [P pungens Engelm.].
Blue spruce.

Common in canons throughout, 6500-10000 ft. (Cockerell);
Fourth of July Mine; South Boulder Canon (Ramaley).
Wyoming and New Mexico to Utah.

54 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [202

17. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. Red fir.

23. P. mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. [P. Douglasii Carr.].
Douglas spruce.

Abundant on the foothills and mountains; some trees have
green foliage, others glaucous blue, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels,
142).

Alberta to British Columbia; Texas to Mexico and
California.

18. ABIES Miller. Balsam fir.

24. A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Western balsam fir.
North slope of Green Mt.; Bear Cafion; Boulder Canon

near Falls and above them; common on the main mountain
range, 7000 (Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 303).
Alberta to Alaska; New Mexico to Arizona.

Family 7. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper family.

19. JTJNIPERUS L. Juniper.

25. J. Sibirica Burgsd. Mountain juniper.

Mesa at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
182). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Labrador to Alaska; Massachusetts and Michigan to
Utah: Europe: Asia.

20. SABINA Haller. Savin.

26. S. scopulomm (Sarg.) Rydb. [Juniperus scopnlorum
Sarg.]. Rocky Mountain red cedar.

High mesas and mountain crags; some trees have green
foliage, others glaucous blue, 5700-8500 (Daniels, 217).

Alberta to British Columbia; Texas to Arizona and
Oregon.

203] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 55

Class II. ANGIOSPERMAE.

Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.

Order 6. PANDANALES.
Family 8. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hi 1. Cattail family.

21. TYPHA L. Cattail.

27. T. latifolia L. Broad-leaved cattail.

Swales and bogs in the plains, common, 5100-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 408).

North America, except the far north: Europe: Asia.

Family 9. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-reed family.

22. SPAEGANITJM L. Bur-reed.

28. S. angustifolium Michx. [S. simplex angiistifolhim
(Michx.) Engelm.]. Narrow-leaved bur-reed.

Floating in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 620).
Also Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Newfoundland to Oregon; New York to California.

Order 7. NAIADALES.

Family 10. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Zanichellia
family.

23. POTAMOGETON L. Pondweed.

29. P. lonchites Tuckerm. [P. fluitans Roth.] Long-leaved
pondweed.

Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 683).

New Brunswick to Washington; Florida to California.

293^. P. alpimis Balbis [P. rufescens Schrad.]. Alpine pond-
weed.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins.).
Nova Scotia to Alaska ; New Jersey to California.

56 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [204

30. P. heterophyllus Schreb. Various-leaved pondweed.
Near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).

North America, except extreme north: Europe.

31. P. foliosus Raf. [P. pauciflorus Pursh]. Leafy pond-
weed.

Streams and ditches east of Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan.
iels, 736).

New Brunswick to British Columbia; Florida to Cal.

IFORNIA.

32. P. Spirillus Tuckerm, Spiral pondweed.

Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 486). Not included in Rydberg's Flora of
Colorado.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota; Virginia to Colorado.

33. P. pectinatus L. Fennel-leaved pondweed.
Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 681).
North America: Europe.

24. ZANICHELLIA L.

34. Z. palustris L. Marsh Zanichellia.

Owen's lake; Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 682). Red-
rock lake, 1 0100 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
North Temperate Zone.

Order 8. ALISMALES.
Family 11. ALISMACEAE D C. Water-plantain family.

25. ALISMA L. Water-plantain.

35. A. Plantago L. Common water-plantain.

Bogs west of Marshall ; swales, ditches, streams, and ponds
east of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 424).
Northern Hemisphere.

26. SAGITTAEIAL. Arrowhead.

36. S. arifolia J. G. Smith. Arum-leaved arrowhead.
With the preceding, 5 100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 441).
Quebec to British Columbia; Maine and Michigan to

New Mexico and California.

205] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 57

Order 9. POALES.
Family 12. POACEAE R. Br. Meadowgrass family.

27. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. Bunch-grass.

■^j. S. scoparium (Michx.) Nash [Andropogun scoparius
Michx.]. Broom-grass.

Common in dry plains and mesas; occasional in the lower
foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 478).

New Brunswick to Saskatchewan; Florida to Texas.

28. ANDROPOGON L. Beard-grass.

38. A. furcatus Muhl. Turkey-foot grass.

Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5ioo-8oooft.
(Daniels, 512).

Maine to Saskatchewan; Florida to Texas and Colo-
rado.

39. A. chrysocomus Nash. Golden beard-grass.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

486).

Nebraska to Colorado; Kansas to Texas.

29. SORGHASTEUM Nash. Indian grass.

40. S. nutans (L.) Nash [Chrysopogon nutans (L.) Benth.].
Nodding Indian grass.

Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

655)-

Ontario to Manitoba; Florida to Arizona.

30. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Crab grass.

41. S. sanguinale (L.) Dulac. [Panicum sanguinale L.].
Finger grass.

Along roadsides, and in yards and fields, still uncommon,
5300-5700 ft. (Daniels).

Old Vv^orld, thence to the New.

31. PANICUM L. Panic-grass.

42. P. capillare L. Witch grass.

Along roads and railroads, and in yards and fields, appear-
ing as if introduced, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 586).

58 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [206

A form, undoubtedly native, with somewhat narrower
leaves, slenderer stems, which are branched from the root,
the sheaths less hairy and less prominently papillose, the
spikelets acute and greenish, or the uppermost purplish,
occurs in swales in the plains region, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels,
985). An analogous, or perhaps identical form, gathered by
P. A. Rydberg in the sand-hills of Nebraska, is referred by
him (somewhat doubtfully) to P. capillare agreste Gatt. with
the remark that the form is named var. occideiitale in the
National Herbarium with no published description (Rydberg
U. S. Nat. Herb. Cont. 3, i86).

Throughout Southern Canada and the United States.

43. P. virgatum L. Tall sw^itch grass.

Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

397)-

Maine to Assiniboia; Florida to Arizona.

43^. P. Tennesseense Ashe. Tennessee panic-grass.

Collected by Jones at South Bouldei" (Hitchcock and Chase).
Maine to Minnesota and Utah ; Georgia to Arizona.

44. P. Scribnerianiun Nash [F. scoparium Auct., not Lam.].
Scribner's panic-grass.

Common among rocks on the foot-hills, but occurring oc-
casionally on the mesas and plains, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 99).

Maine to British Columbia; Virginia to Arizona and
Oregon.

32. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Barnyard grass.

45. E. Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. [Panicum Crus-galli L.].
CocKSPUR grass.

Common in waste places and along irrigation ditches,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 741).
Europe, thence to North America.

45a. E. Crus-galli mutica (Vasey) Rydb.
With the type (Daniels, 997).
Range of the type.

207] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 59

33. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Foxtail.

46. C. glauca (L.) Scribn. [Setaria glaiica (L.) Beauv.].
Yellow foxtail.

Along streets and waste places, 51QO-5700 ft. (Daniels,
773)-

Europe, thence to North America.

47. C. viridis (L.) Scribn. [S. viridis (L.) Beauv.]. Greex
foxtail.

With the preceding, but far more common, 51QO-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 507).

Europe, thence to North America.

48. C. Italica (L.) Scribn. [S.Italica (L.) Kunth.]. Italian
millet.

Escaped to roads and waste places, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels)"
The Old World, thence to the New.

34. CENCHHUS L. Bur-grass.

49. C. Carolinianns Walt. [C. tribiiloidcs Auct., not L.].
Sand-bur.

Along railroads and on the sandy shores of streams, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 776).

Maine to Minnesota; Florida to Texas and Colorado.

35. HOMALOCENCHETJS Mieg. Catch-fly grass.

50. H. oryzoides (L.) Poll. [Leersia orycoides (L.) Sw.].
Rice cut-grass.

Swales, streams, and irrigation ditches, 5 100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 786).

Nova Scotia to Washington; Florida to California:
Europe: Asia.

36. PHALARIS L. Canary-grass.

51. P. arundinacea L. Reed canary-grass.

Swales and wet meadows near Boulder lake, 5300 ft.
(Daniels, 732).

Temperate North America: Europe: Asia.

60 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [208

361/2- HIEROCHLOE Gmel. Holy grass.

5154. H. odorata (L.) R. and S. [Savastana odorata (L.)
Scribn ; H. horealis R. and S.] Sweet holy grass.

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Labrador to Alaska; New Jersey to Arizona; Europe:
Asia.

37. ARISTIDA L. Triple-awned grass.

52. A. fasciculata Torr. Bushy poverty-grass.

In the plains, scarce, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, jyy).
Kansas to California; Texas to Mexico.

53. A. longiseta Steud. Long-awned poverty-grass.
Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8500 ft.

(Daniels, 300). Also on the mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
Illinois to Washington; Texas to Mexico.

38. STIPA L. Porcupine grass.

54. S. comata Trin. & Rupr. Western porcupine grass.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 197).

Alberta to Alaska; New Mexico to California.

55. S. viridula Trin. [S. parviflora Americana Schultes].
Greenish porcupine grass.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8500
ft. (Daniels, 301). Also at Gato (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Montana; Kansas to Utah.

56. S. Nelsonii Scribn. Nelson's porcupine grass.

On the mesas, foothills, and mountain sides, 5700-10000
ft. (Daniels, 365).
AssiNiBOiA to Idaho and Colorado.

57. S. Scribneri Vasey. Scribner's porcupine grass.

On the plains, mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5100-
9500 ft. (Daniels, 749).

Colorado to New Mexico.

2 0g] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 6l

58. S. Lettermannii Vasey. Lettermann's porcupine grass.
Barren hilltops east of the Flat-irons, 5800 ft. (Daniels,

184).
Wyoming to Idaho; Colorado to Utah.

39. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain rice.

59. 0. micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurber. Small-flow-
ered mountain rice.

Rocky soil on the mesas and foothills, 5700-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 269).

AssiNiBOiA to Montana; Nebraska to Arizona.

40. ERIOCOMA Nutt.

60. E. cuspidata Nutt. [Orycopsis cuspidata (Nutt.) Benth.].
Silky mountain rice.

Barren mesa near entrance to Bear Canon, 58006000 ft.
(Daniels, 765).

Saskatchewan to Washington; Texas and Mexico to
California.

41.. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Drop-seed grass.

61. M. racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. [M. glomerata Trin.].
Marsh drop-seed grass.

Carion on Green Mt. ; subalpine meadows at Eldora,
6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 526).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; New Jersey to
New Mexico.

62. M. cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. [Sporobolus cuspidatus
(Terr.) Woods]. Prairie rush-grass.

Dry ledges, Gregory Caiion, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 371).
Manitoba to Alberta; Missouri to Colorado.

63. M. Richardsoni (Trin.) Rydb. [Vilfa Richardsoni
Trin.; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part]. Rich-
ardson's rush-grass.

Subalpine meadows and open bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 840).

Anticosti to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

62 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2 ID

64. M. simplex (Scribn.) R3^db. [Sporobolus simplex Scribn.].
Simple kush-gkass.

In shallow water, aspen bogs about Glacier Lake, 9000 ft.
(Daniels, 708). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward,
(Rydberg).

Nebraska to Wyoming and New Mexico.

65. M. filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. [Vilfa depauperata fili-
forniis Thurber]. Filiform rush-grass.

Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 366).
Wyoming to Oregon; Colorado to California.

66. M. gracilis Trin. Slender drop-seed.

Summits of crags on the foot-hills, thence to subalpine
mountain-ridges, the most characteristic grass of such places,
6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 208).

Colorado to California; Texas to Mexico.

42. LYCURUS H. B. K.

67. L. phleoides H. B. K. False timothy.
Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado and Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

43. PHLEUM L. Timothy.

68. P. pratense L. Common timothy.

Throughout the area of cultivation, but has penetrat-
ed distant caiions, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 504).

Temperate Old World, thence to all temperate lands.

69. P. alpinum L. Mountain timothy.

Subalpine meadows from Glacier Lake to Eldora; above
timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 632),
Circumboreal and alpine, Europe : Asia : North America.

44. ALOPECURUS L. Foxtail.

70. A. aristulatus Michx. \^A. fulvus J. E. Smith ]. Swami-
foxtail.

Along irrigation ditches and at the margins of ponds and
puddles, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 246).

Maine to Alaska; Pennsylvania to California.

21 1] FLORA OF EOULDER. COLORADO 63

71. A. occidentalis Scribn. [A. alpinus Coulter, not L.].
Western foxtail.

Above timber-line, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 942).

Alberta to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

45. SPOROBOLTJS R. Br. Dropseed.

72. S. airoides Torr. Hair-grass dropseed.

Alkaline flats about Boulder lake, scarce, 5300 ft. (Dan-
iels, 731).

Nebraska and Texas to California.

y;^. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. Sand dropseed.

Common on the plains, mesas, and grassy slopes of the
foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 513).

Massachusetts to Washington; Pennsylvania to Arizona
and Mexico.

74. S. heterolepis Gray. Northern dropseed.

Common along the railroad between Boulder and Mar-
shall, 5400. ft. (Daniels, 518).

Quebec to Saskatchewan; Pennsylvania to Colorado.

75. S. asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurber. Rough drop-
seed.

Common on the plains, 5 100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 493).
AssiNiBOiA to British Columbia; Missouri and Texas to
California.

46. POLYPOGON Desf. Beard-grass.

76. P. Monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Ditch foxtail.
Common along irrigation ditches east of Boulder, 5100-

5500 ft. (Daniels, 676).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

47. CINNA L. W^ood reed-grass.

yy. C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. [C. pendula Tvin.]. Slki^der
v^ooD reed-grass.
Deep cafions in shade, frequent; in aspen bogs at Glacier
lake and Eldora, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 987).

64 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [212

Newfoundland to British Columbia; North Carolina to
Utah: Europe.

48. AGROSTIS L. Bent-grass.

78. A. alba L. White bent-grass. Red-top.

Common about ditches and swales throughout the culti-
vated area, and already penetrating remote cafions, where
the smaller forms are quite possibly native. The larger
cultivated form is A. alba vulgaris (With.) Thurber, 5100-
8600 ft. (Daniels, 689).

Mostly naturalized from Europe, and now in all temper-
ate lands; there are indigenous boreal and alpine forms in
North America.

79. A. asperifolia Trin. \A. exarata Coult. in part, not Trin.].
Harsh bent-grass.

Moist meadows throughout, 5100-10500 ft. (Daniels, 376)
Manitoba and New Mexico to California.

79^/2. A. Rcssae Vasey \A. varians Trin.]. Miss Ross's bent-
grass.
Long's Peak (Holm).
British Columbia to Colorado and California.

80. A. hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. [A. scahra Willd.]. Hair-
grass.

Common throughout in both dry and moist soil, 5100-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 374). Also on the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

North America, except the extreme north.

80^/^. A. tenuiculmis Nash [A.temns Vasey]. Thin bent-
grass.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

49. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reed-grass.

81. C. purpurascens R. Br. [Deyeuxia sylvatica Vasey,
not DC.j. Purple blue-joint.

Barren ridges in the foothills and mountains, common,
6000-12500 ft. (Daniels, 700). Long's Peak (Holm).
Greenland to Alaska; Colorado to California.

213] FLORA OF DOULDER, COLORADO 65

82. C. Canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. [Deyeuxia Canadensis
(Michx.) Munro]. Canada blue-joint.

Along streams in the plains; also in deep canons and aspen
bogs in the foothills and mountains, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels,
649).

Labrador to British Columbia; North Carolina to
California.

50. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. Hair-grass.

83. D. caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Tufted hair-grass.

Wet margins of Glacier lake, often in water of some
depth, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 617). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ram-
aley and Robbins).

Newfoundland to Alaska; New Jersey to California.

51. TRISETUM Pers. False oat.

84. T. spicatum (L.) Richter [T. suhspicatum molle Gray].
Narrow false oat.

Mountainsides at Ward, Bloomerville, Glacier Lake, and
Eldora, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 330).

Greenland to Alaska; New Hampshire to Colorado
and California: Europe: Asia.

85. T. majus (Vasey) Rydb. {T. subspicatum majus VaseyJ.
Larger false oat.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
988).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

86. T. montannm Vasey. Mountain false oat.

Deep caiions and aspen bogs, local, 7000 (Bear Canon)
-loooo ft. (Daniels, 631).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

52. AVENA L. Oat.

87. A. striata Michx. Purple oat.

Rare in deep caiions and aspen bogs, usual!}'- with the
preceding; Bear Cafion; Eldora, 7000-11000 ft. (Daniels^
665).

New^ Brunswick to British Columbia; Pennsylvania to
Colorado.

66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [214

88. A. fatua L. Wild oat.

Common along streets and waste places in the city of
Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 387).
Europe: Asia, thence to North America.

89. A. sativa L. Common oat.

Adventitious along railroads, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 479).
Old World, thence universal in cultivation.

53. MERATHREPTA Raf. Wild oat-grass.

90. M. Calif omica (Bolander) Piper [Danthonia Calfornica
Bolander]. California wild oat-grass.

Arapahoe Pass, 12000 ft. (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

91. M. intermedia (Vasey) Piper \_Danthonia intermedia
Vasey]. Intermediate wild oat-grass.

Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-1 1500 ft.
(Daniels, 621).

Alberta to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

92. M. spicata (L) Raf. [Danthonia spicata (L) Beauv.].
Common wild oat-grass.

Common on dry slopes in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 370). Also mesas at foot of the Flat-irons.

Newfoundland to British Columbia; North Carolina
to Louisiana and California.

54. SPARTINA Schreb. Cord-grass.

93. S. cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Tall marsh grass. Fresh-
water cord-grass.

Swales and bogs in the plains, infrequent, 5100-5500 ft.
(Daniels, 522).

Nova Scotia to Mackenzie; New Jersey to Texas and
Colorado.

55. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. Crab-grass.

94. S. paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease [S. Texanus Steud.].
Wild crab-grass.

Frequent on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
175)-

215] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO dj

Manitoba to Assiniboia; Illinois to Texas and New
Mexico.

56. BOTJTELOTJA Lag. Grama-grass. Mesquit-grass.

95. B. hirsuta Lag. Hairy mesquit.

Dry plains and mesas, less common than the next, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 956). Also at Meadow Park, 6500 ft.
(Rydberg).

Illinois to South Dakota; Texas to Arizona.

96. B. oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. Common grama-grass,
or mesquit-grass.

Common on the plains and mesas; occasional on the foot-
hills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 220). One of the most charac-
teristic grasses of the Great Plains.

Wisconsin to Assiniboia; Mississippi to Arizona and
Mexico.

57. ATHEROPOGON Muhl. Tall mesquit.

97. A. curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn [Bouteloua raceniosa
Lag.]. Prairie grama-grass.

Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 299). Meadow Park (Rydberg).

Ontario and Michigan to Manitoba; New Jersey to Tex-
as, Arizona, and Mexico.

58. BTJLBILIS Raf. Buffalo grass.

98. B. dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. [Buchloc dactyloides (Nutt.)
Eng.]. Common buffalo grass.

Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
198).

Minnesota to North Dakota; Arkansas to New Mexico
and Mexico.

59. PHRAGMITES Trin. Reed.

99. P. Phragmites (L.) Karst. [P. communis Trin.]. Com-
mon REED.

About a spring at foot of Flagstaff Hill, only three or four
plants, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 834).

Europe: Asia: temperate North America.

68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2l6

60. MUNROA Torr. False buffalo grass.

100. M. squaxrosa (Nutt.) Torr. Munro's grass.

Dry plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 359). Also
at Lafayette (Rydberg).

North Dakota to Assiniboia; Texas to Arizona.

61. KOELERIA Pers.

loi. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. [K. nitida Nutt., as to
some of the forms]. Prairie-grass.

Throughout below loooo ft., but especially common on
the foothills, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 133).

Ontario to British Columbia; Pennsylvania to Cali-
fornia.

62. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Stink-grass.

102. E. major Host. Skunk grass.

Waste places and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

588). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
Europe, thence to North America.

103. E. pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Purple stink-grass.
Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).

Massachusetts to South Dakota : Florida to Texas
and Colorado.

63. EATONIA Raf. Eaton grass.

104. E. robusta (Vasey) Rydb. [E. obtusata rohusta Vasey].
Stout Eaton grass.

Along streams and springy canons, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
416).

Nebraska to Washington; New Mexico to Arizona.

105. E. obtusata (Michx.) Gray. Blunt-scaled Eaton
grass.

About Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
Massachusetts to Montana; Florida to Arizona.

106. E. Pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray. Pennsylvania Eaton
grass.

Deep mountain caiions, 5600-7000 ft. (Daniels, 718).

217] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 69

New Brunswick to British Columbia; Georgia to Colo-
rado.

64. MELICA L. Melic-grass.

107. M. bella Piper [M. hnlhosa Geyer]. Bulbous melic-
grass.

North slopes of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon,
6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 144). Spikelets often monstrous.

Montana to Washington; Colorado and Utah to
Oregon.

65. DACTYLIS L. Orchard grass.

108. D. glomerata L. Common orchard grass.
Throughout the whole cultivated district and penetrating

into shady canons; 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 235).
Europe, thence to North America.

66. DISTICHLIS Raf. Salt-grass.

109. D. stricta (Torr.) Rydb. [D. maritima stricta (Torr.)
Thurber]. Marsh spike-grass.

Alkali flats about Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 728).
Saskatchewan to Washington; Missouri to Texas and
California.

67. POA L. Meadow-grass.

no. P. annua L. Low spear-grass.

Roadsides and at the entrance to Gregory Cafion, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 250).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

111. P. pratensis L. Kentucky blue-grass.

Meadows throughout, 5100-11500 ft. (Daniels, 5:58). Prob-
ably naturalized in the irrigated district.

Europe: Asia: North America, but only the boreal and
alpine forms native.

112. P. trivialis L. Rough meadow-grass.

About ponds and ditches, 5400-5500 ft. (Daniels, 245).
Not in Rydberg's Flora.

Europe, thence naturalized in many places in the United
States.

70 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [218

ii2>^. P. cenisia All. [P. flexuosa Wahl.]. Flexuous

MEADOW-GRASS.

Long's Peak (Holm).
Greenland to Alaska ; Colorado.

113. P. callichroa Rydb. Fair-hued meadow-grass.
Mountain-sides at Eldora, 8600- 1 1500 ft. (Daniels, 647).
Colorado.

114. P. reflexa V. & S. Reflexed meadow-grass.

In mountain meadows descending to the slopes of the
foothills, 6400 (Flagstaff Hill) -13000 ft. (Daniels, 952).
Montana to New Mexico and Oregon.

115. P. leptocoma Trin. Smooth-glumed meadow-grass.

In mountain meadows with the preceding, 6300 (Flagstaff
Hill) -12500 ft. (Daniels, 225).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

116. P. alpicola Nash [P. laxa Thurber]. AIountain
meadow-grass.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11 500- 13000 ft.
(Daniels, 941). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Colorado to Utah; California.

117. P. platyphylla Nash & Rydb. [P. occidentalis Vasey].
Western meadow-grass.

Along mountain streams, 5600 (Boulder Canon) -10500
ft. (Daniels, 150).
Colorado to New Mexico.

118. P. compressa L. English blue-grass.

Common throughout the irrigated district, but not noticed
in the mountains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 242).
Europe, thence to North America.

119. P. triflora Gilib. [P. serotina ll\\v.]. Fowl meadow-
grass.

Common in swales and wet meadows, 5100-8600 (P>ldora)
ft. (Daniels, 4S2).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; New Jersey to
California: Europe.

219] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 7 1

120. P. interior Ryclb. Inland meadow-grass.

Along streams and in wet meadows, 5 100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 28).

Mackenzie to Washington and New Mexico.

121. P. crocata. Michx. [P. caesia strictior Gray]. Wood
meadow-grass.

High mesas, dry slopes of the foothills, and mountain
ridges, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 154). Mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Labrador to Alaska; Massachusetts to Minnesota and
Arizona.

122. P. rupicola Nash [P. rupestris Vasey]. Crag mead-
ow-grass.

Dry tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-
13000 ft. (Daniels, loio).

Montana to Oregon; Colorado to Utah.

123. P. Pattersonii Vasey. Patterson's meadow-grass.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 895).

Colorado to Arizona.

124. P. alpina L. Alpine meadow-grass.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 935). Long's Peak (Holm).

Greenland to Alaska; Quebec to Utah.

1243^. P. Wheeleri Vasey. [P. cuspidata Vasey]. Wheel-
er's meadow-grass.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Montana to Idaho ; Colorado to Oregon.

125. P. Vaseyana Scribn. Vaset's meadow-grass.
Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels,

868).

Colorado.

■J2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [220

I20, P. longiligula Scribn. & Will. Long-ligulate mead-
ow-grass,

Boulder (E. Bethel), determined by P. L. Ricker of U. S.
Dept. of Agric, and recorded (as host of a fungus) by Ar-
thur in Journal of Mycology, Jan. 1908, p. 13.

South Dakota to Oregon; New Mexico to California.

127. P. pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. False Kentucky

BLUE-GRASS.

About swales and streams in the plains and mesas, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 953).

South Dakota to Nebraska and Colorado.

128. P. longipedunculata Scribn. Long-pedunculate mead-
ow-grass.

Plains and mountain-cafions, 5100-12500 ft. (Daniels, 503).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

129. P. juncifolia Scribn. Rush-leaved meadow-grass.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

905).

Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

130. P. confusa Rydb. Bunch meadow-grass.

Dry plains, mesas, and mountainsides, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 924).

Nebraska to Montana and Colorado.

131. P. pratericola Rydb. & Nash [P. aiidina Nutt.]. Prairie
meadow-grass.

Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
Nebraska to Wyoming and Colorado.

68. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna-grass.

132. P. nervata (Willd.) Kuntze [Glyccria nervata (Willd.)
Trin.]. Nerved manna-grass.

About streams and ditches, in swales and at the margins
of lakes and ponds, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 264).

Labrador to British Columbia; Florida to Mexico
and California.

22 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO "^"^^

133. P. Americana (Terr.) Mac M. [G/jr^ria (/ran Ji^ Wats.].
Reed meadow-grass.

In swales and along streams, less common than the pre-
ceding, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 969).

New Brunswick to Alaska; Tennessee to Nevada.

134. P. Holmii Beal. Holm's manna-grass.

Deep caiions on north slope of Green Mountain, 7000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 464). Lamb's Ranch, Long's Peak, 9100
ft. (Beal).

Colorado.

135. P. borealis Nash. Northern floating manna.

In irrigation ditches about Boulder; also floating in
Glacier lake, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 739).
Maine to Alaska; New York to California.

69. PUCCINELLIA Pari. Salt meadow^ -grass.

136. P. airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. Slender salt
meadow-grass.

Along water-courses in the mesas, and in alkaline soil on
the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 383). Also at Longmont
(Rydberg).

Manitoba to Mackenzie and British Columbia; Kansas
to Nevada.

70. FESTTJCA L. Fescue-grass.

137. F. octoflora Walt. {F . tencUa Willd.]. Slender fescue-
grass.

Abundant on the plains and arid open mountain slopes,
5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 181).
Quebec to British Columbia; Florida to California.

138. F. elatior L. [F. elatior pratensis (Huds.) Gray].
Meadow fescue.

Common throughout the irrigated area, especially along
ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 785).

Europe, thence to temperate North America.

74 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [222

139. F. rubra L. Red fescue.

Subalpine meadows at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 699).
Labrador to Alaska; North Carolina to California:
Europe: Asia.

140. F. brachyphylla Schultes [F. ovina hrevifolia S. Wat-
son]. Short-leaved fescue.

Bald ridges in the mountain region, 7000 (Green Mt.)
-14500 ft. (Daniels, 364).

Greenland to Alaska; Vermont to California.

141. F. minutiflora Rydb. Small-flowered fescue.
Mountainsides at Eldora, and on Arapahoe Peak above

timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, looi).

Colorado to California.
141^. F. ovina L. Sheep fescue.

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins). Long's
Peak (Holm).

North America: Europe.
i4i%a. F. ovina supina (Schur). Hack. Prostel.\te Fescue.

Long's Peak (Holm).

Greenland and British Columbia to New Hampshire,
Arizona, and California.

142. F. ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. [F. ovina nudata
Vasey]. Naked-stemmed fescue. Blue bunch-grass.

Common throughout the mountain region and the mesas,
5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 174). The type doubtless occurs,
but all the material preserved belongs to the variety.

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

143. F. Kingii (S. Watson) Scribn. [F. confinis Vasey].
King's fescue.

Boulder Canon, 6500-10000 ft. (Rydberg); Boulder (E.
Bethel).

Montana to Colorado and California.

71. BROMUS L. Brome-grass.

144. B. mai^inatus latior Shear. Large marginate brome.
Vicinity of Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
Alberta to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

223] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 75

145. B. brizaeformis F. & M. Quake-grass brome.

The commonest ruderal grass about Boulder, and fast
spreading throughout the plains district, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 257).

Europe and Asla, thence to the United States.

146. B. secalinus L. Common chess, or cheat.

In fields and waste places, 5 100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 388).
Europe and Asia, thence to all temperate lands.

147. B. hordeaceus L. [B. mollis L.]. Soft chess.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400
ft. (Daniels, 524).
Europe, thence to the United States.

148. B. lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. [B. Portcri lanatipes
Shear]. Lanate brome.

Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes,
less frequent in the plains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 346). Also
at Lafayette (Rydberg).

Colorado.

149. B. Richardsonii Link. Richardson's brome.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 6000-

iiooo ft. (Daniels, 454).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Colorado to Arizo-
na and Oregon.

150. B. Pumpellianus Scribn. Pumpelly's brome.
Frequent throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 382).
Saskatchewan to Alaska and New Mexico.

151. B. tectonim L. Thatch cheat.

Waste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 496).
Also at Longmont (Rydberg).

Europe, thence to the United States.

72. LOLITJM L. Darnel.

152. L. Italicum A. Br. Italian rye grass.

About irrigation ditches in the city of Boulder, 530Q-
5600 ft. (Daniels, 839). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Europe, thence to the United States.

76 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [224

73. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Wheat grass.

153. A. Scribneri Vasey. Scribner's wheat grass.
Long's Peak (Holm).

Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

iSZV^- A. spicatum inerme (Scribn. & Sm.) Heller [A, Vaseyi
S. & S.]. Vasey's wheat grass.

Frequent on the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 171).

Montana to Oregon; Colorado to Utah.

154. A. Arizonicum S. & S. Arizona wheat grass.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, 8000-11000 ft.

(Rydberg).

Colorado to Arizona and Mexico.

155. A. Richardsonii (Trin.) Schrad. [A. unilaterale Cas-
sid}^]. Richardson's wheat grass.

Mountain meadows, rather local, 7000 (Bear Canon) -loooo
ft. (Daniels, 830).

Minnesota to British Columbia; Iowa to Colorado.

156. A. andinum (S. & S.) Rydb. [A. violaccum andinum
S. & S.]. Mountain wheat grass.

Mountainsides at Eldora 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 640).
Montana to Colorado.

157. A. violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. Violet wheat grass.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6300 (GreenMt.)

— 12000 ft. (Daniels, 362).

Greenland to Alaska; New Hampshire to Utah.

158. A. tenerum Vasey. Slender wheat grass.
Common on the plains, foothills, and lower mountain

slopes, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 395).

Labrador to Alaska; New Hampshire to Colorado.

159. A. pseudorepens S. & S. False quack grass.
Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100-

1 0000 ft. (Daniels, 511).
Iowa to Alberta; New Mexico to Utah.

225] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO ^J

160. A. riparium S. & S. Riparl\n wheat grass.

About ditches in the plains, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 398).
Montana to Colorado.

161. A. occidentale Scribn. Western wheat grass.

On the plains, where it is very abundant; also sparingly
in mountain meadows, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 402). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).

Manitoba to Saskatchewan and Oregon; Missouri to
Arizona.

162. A. iRoUe (S. & S.) Rydb. Soft wheat grass.

On the plains, where it is especially characteristic of
alkaline fiats, and in the drier mountain valleys, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 978).

Saskatchewan to Washington and New Mexico.

74. TRITICUM L. Whe.\t.

163. T. sativTim vulgare (Vill.) Hack. [7. viilgare Vill.].
Wheat.

Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and
Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 514).
Old World, thence to the Nev/.

75. HORDEUML. Barley.

164. H. jubatum L. Squirrel-tail grass.

Common on the plains and in mountain canons ; a fre-
quent weed in waste places, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 380).

Ontario to Alaska; Missouri to California, thence
naturalized eastward.

165. H. pusillum Nutt. Little barley.

Abundant on the plains and mesas, and following the
roads into the mountain district, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,
203).

Ontario to British Columbia; Florida to California.

166. H. sativum hexastichon (L.) Hack. Six-rowed barley.
Adventitious along the railroad between Boulder and

Mrshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 480).
Old World, thence to the New.

78 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [226

76. SITANION Raf. Bristle grass.

167. S. longifolium J. G. Smith. Long-leaved bristle grass.
Common on the foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-9000

ft. (Daniels, 363).

Nebraska to Nevada; Texas to Arizona.

168. S. brevifolium J. G. Smith. Short-leaved bristle
grass.

Abundant on the plains, and frequent on open mountain
slopes, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 202). Also on the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Utah; Colorado to Arizona.

77. ELYMUS L. Lyme grass.

169. E. Canadensis L. Canadian wild rye.

Common along ditches and streams both in and out of
shade, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 357).

Nova Scotia to Washington; Georgia to New Mexico.

170. E. robustus S. & S. Stout wild rye.

In swales along railroads and on stream-banks, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 489).

South Dakota to Idaho; Missouri to Colorado.

171. E. brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. Slender wild rye.
Plains south of Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 396).
Michigan to South Dakota; Texas to Utah and Mexico.

172. E. Macounii Vasey. Macoun's wild rye.

On the plains and in meadows on the foot-hills, 5100-7000
ft. (Daniels, 417),

Manitoba and Saskatchewan to Alberta; New Mexico
to Utah.

173. E. condensatus Presl. Smooth lyme grass.

Dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 961).
Alberta to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

22y'] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 79

174. E. ambig^us Vasey & Scribn. Ambiguous lyme grass.
Common on the foothills and mountainsides, 5900-9000 ft.

(Daniels, 158).
Colorado.

175. E. strigosus Rydb. Strigose lyme grass.

Common on the foothills and mountain ridges, 6000-8600
ft. (Daniels, 962). Boulder is the type locality.
Wyoming to Colorado.

176. E. villiflonis Rydb. Villous lyme grass.

Common on the foothills; occasional on the plains and
mesas, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 963) Boulder is the type
locality.

South Dakota and the Canadian Rockies to Colorado.

Family 13. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hi 1. GaUngale family.

78. CYPERUS L. Galingale.

177. C. inflexus Aluhl. [C. aristatus Boeckl.]. Awned cy-
PER grass.

Scarce on the plains and foothills in moist sands, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 253).

Vermont to British Columbia; Florida to California
and Mexico.

178. C. Bushii Britt. Bush's cyper grass.

In sandy soil at Meadow Park, 6500 ft. (Rydberg).
Wisconsin to Oregon; Kansas to Colorado.

79. SCIRFUS L. Bulrush.

179. S. Americanus Pers. [S. pungens Vahl.]. Three
square.

In swales, along ditches and streams, and at the margins
of ponds and lakes, but apparently not following the streams
very far into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 668).

North America: Chili: Europe.

8o UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [228

180. S. lacustris L. Great bulrush.

With the preceding but often in water of greater depth,
and penetrating farther back into the mountains, 5100-8600
ft. (Daniels, 414).

Throughout the North Temperate Zone.

181. S. atrovirens pallidus Britton. Pale bulrush.
Swales, ditches and streams in the plains and mesas, and

ascending but slightly into the foot-hills, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 490).

Minnesota to the Northwest Territory and Colorado-

80. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike rush.

182. E. palustris (L.) R. & S. Swamp spike rush.
Common in swamps, swales, and stagnant pools through-
out, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 492).

North America: Europe: Asia.

183. E. glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes [E. palustris glauces-
ce?is (Willd.) Gray]. Pale swamp spike rush.

Common with the above, but in shallower water, 5100-9000
(Glacier Lake, Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 733).
Ontario and the United States.

184. E. ecicularis (L.) R. & S. Needle rush.

Common in limose places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 254).

Europe: Asia: North America: Central America.

184^. E. tenuis (Willd.) Schult. Slender spike rush.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Newfoundland to Manitoba ; Florida to Colorado.

iSs- E. acuminata (Muhl.) Nces. Flat-stemmed spike rush.
Ditches and swales in the plains, 5 100-5600 ft. (Daniels,

734).
Anticosti to Alberta; Georgia to Louisiana and

Colorado.

229] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 81

81. CAEEX L. Sedge.

186. C. canescens L. Silvery sedge.

Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-1 1500 ft. (Daniels, 852).
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; Virginia to Colo-
rado and Oregon: Europe and Asia.

187. C. tenella Schkuhr. Soft-leaved sedge.

Local in deep mountain cafions in shade, 6000-11500 ft.
(Daniels, 610).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; New Jersey to
California: Europe.

188. C. Deweyana Schwein. Dewey's sedge.

Only detected in Bear Canon, where it is very rare, 6000-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 762).

Nova Scotia to Manitoba and Oregon; Pennsylvania to
New Mexico and Utah.

189. Carex stipata Muhl. Awl-fruited sedge.

Irrigation ditches, 5 100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 237). Not in
Rydberg's Flora.

Newfoundland to British Columbia; Florida to Cali-
fornia.

190. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Fox sedge.
Irrigation ditches, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 745).

New Brunswick to Manitoba; Florida to Texas and
Colorado.

191. C. occidentalis Bailey [C. muricata Americana Bailey];
Western sedge.

Low meadows at Eldora, 8600-11000 ft. (Daniels, 611).
Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

192. C. Hoodii Boott [C. muricata confixa Bailey]. Hood's
sedge.

Grassy meadows. Bluebell cafion, thence to the subalpine
zone, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 497).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

82 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [23O

193. C. marcida Boott. Clustered field sedge.
Abundant in dry meadows, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 95).
Manitoba to British Columbia; Kansas to New Mexico

and Nevada.

194. C. Sartwellii Dewey. Sartwell's sedge.

Swales along railroads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 971).

Ontario to British Columbia; New York to Utah.

195. C. Douglasii Boott. Douglas' sedge.

Common in dry soil throughout, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels,
317). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg; Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.).

Manitoba to British Columbia; Nebraska to New Mex-
ico and California.

196. C. scoparia Schkuhr. Broom sedge.

Wet meadows about ditches and streams, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 266).

Nova Scotia to Manitoba; Florida to Colorado.

197. C. athrostachya Olney. Bracted sedge.

Shores of a pond south of Boulder, thence to timberline,
5500-1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 258).
AssiNiBOiA to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

198. C. festiva Dewey. Pretty sedge.

Abundant throughout the foothills and mountains in
canons and humid meadows, 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 103).
AssiNiBOiA and British Columbia to Mexico.

199. C. ebenea Rydb. [C. festiva Hay deniana Bailey]. Kbony

SEDGE.

In frozen ground, alpine valley near snow, above Bloom-
erville, 9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 324). Also on Long's Peak
(Rydberg).

Alberta to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

200. C. petasata Dewey. Western's hare's-foot sedge.
Deep canons, north slope of Green Mt., 7000 ft. (Daniels,

469).
Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to Oregon.

231] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 83

201. C. pratensis Drej. Meadow sedge.

Gregory Canon, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 688). Also on
Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Ontario to Alaska; Michigan to Colorado.

202. C. siccata Dewey. Dry-spiked sedge.

Common in dry meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 972). Also near Long's Peak (Rydberg).

Ontario to British Columbia; New York to California.

203. C. straminea Willd. Straw sedge.

Common along watercourses and grassy meadows in the
plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 372).

New Brunswick to Manitoba; North Carolina to Okla-
homa and Colorado.

204. C. straminiformis Bailey. False straw sedge.

Dry torrents, high mesas at the foot of the Flat-irons,
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 381).
Colorado to Washington and California.

205. C. festucacea Schkuhr. Fescue sedge.

Meadows and swales, frequent in the plains and mesas,
and in meadows on the lower foothills, 5100-6400 (Flagstaff
Hill) ft. (Daniels, 185).

New Brunswick to Minnesota; Florida to Colorado.

206. C. stenophylla Wahl, Narrow-leaved sedge.

Dry mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peak,
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 438).

Manitoba to British Columbia; Iowa to Colorado.

207. C. incnrva Lightf. Curved sedge.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11 000- 12000 ft. (Daniels,
916).

Greenland to Alaska; Colorado to British Columbia.

208. C. alpina Stevenii Holm. Steven's alpine sedge.
Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

84 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [232

209. C. atrata L. Black sedge.

Long's Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
Labrador to Alaska; Quebec to Colorado and Cali-
fornia.

210. C. chalciolepis Holm. Bronze-scaled sedge.
Long's Peak, S500-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

211. C. bella Bailey. Beautiful sedge.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 940).
Colorado to Utah and Arizona.

212. C. rhomboidea Holm. Rhombic sedge.

In swamps near Long's Peak, 8500-9500 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

213. C. Goodenovii J. Gay [C. vulgaris Fries]. Common

SEDGE.

Subalpine bogs, Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 851).
Newfoundland to Alaska; Pennsylvania to Colorado:
Europe.

214. C. rigida Good. [C. vulgaris alpina Booth]. Stiff
sedge.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 907).
Alaska to Colorado.

215. C. chimaphila Holm. Winter-loving sedge.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, iiooo-i 2000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 923). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Colorado.

216. C. acutina Bailey. Acutish sedge.

Boulder Canon (5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 556). Also Lamb's
ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
Mackenzie to Alaska; Colorado to Oregon.

217. C. stricta Lam. Erect sedge.

Swales along railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 418). Not in Rydberg's Flora.

233] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 8$

Eastern United States and Canada to Colorado and
Texas.

2175^. C. variabilis Bailey. Variable sedge.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
oMontana to Colorado.

218. C. aurea Niitt. Golden sedge.

About springs in deep canons, 6700-11000 ft. (Daniels,
354).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; Pennsylvania to
Utah and Washington.

219. C. Geyeri Boott. Geyer's sedge.

At edge of snow in alpine valley above Bloomerville,
9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 311).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to Oregon.

220. C. nigricans C. A. Aley. Blackish sedge.

Above timbeiiine, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 926). Also Thompson's Canon, Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to California: Asia.

221. C. Pyrenaica Wahl. Pyrenaic sedge.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 925). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to Oregon: Europe.

222. C. rupestris All. Crag sedge.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 930). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Greenland to Alaska and Colorado: Europe: Asia.

223. C. obtusata Lilj. Obtusish sedge.

Above timberline on Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 931). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).

Newfoundland to British Columbia and Colorado.

224. C. oreocharis Holm. Mountain-grace sedge.
Lamb's ranch, near Long's Peak, 9100 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [234

225. C. Pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey [C. vespcrtina (Bai-
ley) Howell]. Western Pennsylvania sedge.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 11).

Colorado to Oregon and British Columbia.

226. C. umbellata brachyrhina Piper [C. umhellata hreviros-
tris BoottJ. Short-beaked umbellate sedge.

Dry rocky mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 125).
Maine to British Columbia; New Mexico to California.

227. C. Beckii Boott [C. durifolia Bailey]. Beck's sedge.
Canon at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,

463).

Ontario to Manitoba; New York to Colorado.

228. C. capillaris L. Hair sedge.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 915). Also Thompson's Cafion on Long's Peak (Ryd-
berg).

Greenland to Alaska; New Hampshire to Utah: Europe:
Asia.

229. C. utriculata Boott. Bottle sedge.

Swales and limose banks of streams, local (Boulder creek
half way to Falls; subalpine bogs at Eldora, etc.), 5100-10000
ft. (Daniels, 563).

Labrador to British Columbia; Delaware to California.

229^. C. saxatilis L. [C. piilla Gooden.]. Rock sedge.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Greenland and Alaska to Colorado.

230. C. lanuginosa Michx. Woolly sedge.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 652).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; New Jersey to
California.

235] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 87

Order lo. ARALES.
Family 14. ARACEAE Neck. Arum family.

82. ACORTTS L. Calamus.

231. A. Calamus L. Sweet flag.

Swales along railroad in the city of Boulder, 5300-5400 ft.
(Daniels).

Nova Scotia to Minnesota; Florida to Texas and
Colorado: Europe: Asia.

Family 15. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duckweed family.

83. LEMNA L. Duckweed.

232. L. g^bba L. Gibbous duckweed.

Ponds near Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Rydberg).
Nebraska to California; Texas to Mexico: Old World
and Australia.

233. L. minor L. Lesser duckweed.

Springy swales in the city of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels
748).

Cosmopolitan.

Order 11. XYRIDALES.
Family 16. COMMELINACEAE Reichenb. Dayf lower family.

84. TRADES CANTIA L. Spiderwort.

234. T. TJniversltatis Cockerell [T. occidentalis Rydb., not
Britton]. University spiderwort.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, and follow-
ing the deeper canons several miles into the mountain re-
gion, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 44). The vicinity about Bould-
er is the type locality. Both T. scopu/orum Rose and T. oc-
cidentalis Britton, according to Rydberg's Flora, occur about
Boulder, but the former is a New Mexico plant, while the
latter is from Wisconsin.

Colorado.

88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [236

Family 17. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel-weed

family.
85. HETERANTHERA Willd. Mud plantain.
235. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. Limose mud plantain.
Between Longmont and Loveland, 5100-5500 ft. (Ryd-
berg), in shallow water or mud.

Virginia to Nebraska and Colorado; Florida to Mexi-
co, the West Indies, and Central America.

Order 12. LILIALES.
Family 18. MELANTHACEAE R.Br. Bunch-flower family.

86. ANTICLEA Kunth. Zygadenus.

235^4. A. elegans (Pursh) Rydb. [Zygadenus elegans
Piirsh]. Showy zygadenus.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley).
Saskatchewan to Alaska; Colorado to Nevada.

236. A. Coloradensis Rydb. Colorado zygadenus.

In canons and subalpine meadows, locally abundant, 7000
(Bear Canon) -12000 ft. (Daniels, 651).

Colorado and New Mexico to Utah.

87. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Poison camass.

2T,y. T. gramineum Rydb. Death camass.

Mesas and foothills; blossoming in June, 5800-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 106).

.Saskatchewan to Idaho and Colorado.

238. T. falcatum Rydb. Falcate poison camass.
Spruce forests along Bear Canon, 6000-7500 ft. (Daniels

759)-

Colorado.

Family 19. JURCACEAE Vent. Rush family.

88. JUNCUS L. Rush.

239. J. Balticus montanus Engelm. Mountain Baltic rush.
Along ditches and in swales and wet meadows, 5100-11000

ft. (Daniels, 379).

Labrador to Washington, Colorado, and Utah.

237] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 89

240. J. Drumniondii Mey. Drummond's rush.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 922).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

241. J. interior Wiegand. Inland rush.

Common in swales and meadows on the plains, mesas,
and foothills, and following the main streams some distance
into the mountains, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 152).

Illinois to Wyoming; Missouri to Colorado. '

242. J. Arizonicus Wiegand. Arizona rush.

Dry beds of torrents, mesas at foot of the Flat-irons
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 964).
Texas to Colorado and Arizona.

243. J. confusus Coville. Confused rush.

Swales along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 421).

Montana to Washington and Colorado.

244. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Dudley's rush.

Swales, meadows, and mountain canons, 5100-8600 ft.
(Daniels, 965). Replaces J. ?>//rr/cr Wiegand in the moun-
tain region.

Maine to Washington; New York to Mexico.

245. J. bufonius L. Toad rush.

Wet sandy soil throughout except at the higher eleva-
tions, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 251).
Cosmopolitan.

246. J. marginatus Rostk, Grass-leaved rush.
Irrigation ditches along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft.

(Daniels, 740). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Maine to Ontario; Florida to Colorado.

247. J. iongistylis Torr. Long-styled rush.

Common in swales, about ditches and ponds, and in wet
meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 249).
Alberta to Idaho; Nebraska to Mexico and California.

inro^

88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [236

Family 17. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. Pickerel-weed

family.
85. HETERANTHERA Willd. Mud plantain.
235. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. Limose mud plantain.
Between Longmont and Loveland, 5100-5500 ft. (Ryd-
berg), in shallow water or mud.

Virginia to Nebraska and Colorado; Florida to Mexi-
co, the West Indies, and Central America.

Order id. LILIALES.
Family i8. MELANTHACEAE R.Br. Bunch-flower family.

86. ANTICLEA Kunth. Zygadenus.

235^. A. elegans (Pursh) Rydb. [Zygademis elegans
Pursh]. Showy zygadenus.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley).
Saskatchewan to Alaska ; Colorado to Nevada.

236. A. Coloradensis Rydb. Colorado zygadenus.

In canons and subalpine meadows, locally abundant, 7000
(Bear Canon) -12000 ft. (Daniels, 651).
Colorado and New Mexico to Utah.

87. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Poison camass.

237. T. gramineum Rydb. Death camass.

Mesas and foothills; blossoming in June, 5800-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 106).

Saskatchewan to Idaho and Colorado.

238. T. falcatum Rydb. Falcate poison camass.
Spruce forests along Bear Canon, 6000-7500 ft. (Daniels

759)-

Colorado.

Family 19. JURCACEAE Vent. Rush family.

88. JTJNCUS L. Rush.

239. J. Balticus montanus Engelm. AIountain Baltic rush.
Along ditches and in swales and wet meadows, 5100-11000

ft. (Daniels, 379).

Labrador to Washington, Colorado, and Utah.

237] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 89

240. J. Drummondii Mey. Drummond's rush.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 922).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

241. J. interior Wiegand. Inland rush.

Common in swales and meadows on the plains, mesas,
and foothills, and following the main streams some distance
into the mountains, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels, 152).

Illinois to Wyoming; Missouri to Colorado. '

242. J. Arizonicus Wiegand. Arizona rush.

Dry beds of torrents, mesas at foot of the Flat-irons
5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 964).
Texas to Colorado and Arizona.

243. J. coniusus Coville. Confused rush.

Swales along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400 ft. (Daniels, 421).

Montana to Washington and Colorado.

244. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Dudley's rush.

Swales, meadows, and mountain caiions, 5 100-8600 ft.
(Daniels, 965). Replaces /. zV^/^r/^r Wiegand in the moun-
tain region.

Maine to Washington; New York to Mexico.

245. J. bufonius L. Toad rush.

Wet sandy soil throughout except at the higher eleva-
tions, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 251).
Cosmopolitan.

246. J. marginatus Rostk. Grass-leaved rush.
Irrigation ditches along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft.

(Daniels, 740). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Maine to Ontario; Florida to Colorado.

247. J. longistylis Torr. Long-styled rush.

Common in swales, about ditches and ponds, and in wet
meadows throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 249).
Alberta to Idaho; Nebraska to Mexico and California.

iJ^/:i_

92

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [24O

259. A. reticulatum Fraser. Eraser's wild onion.
Springy canons in the foothills and the mountain plateau,

6000-8500 ft. (Daniels, 292).

Saskatchewan to Idaho; South Dakota to Arizona.

260. A. Pikeanum Rydb. Pike's Peak wild onion.
Above tiinberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1002).

Colorado.

Family 21. LILIACEAE Adans. Lily family.

91. LEUCOCRINTJM Nutt. Sand lily.

261. L. montanum Nutt. Mountain sand lily.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400
ft. (Daniels). Very abundant at Boulder (Cockerell).
South Dakota to Montana and Colorado.

92. LILITJM L. Lily.

262. L. Philadelphicum montanum (A. Nelson) Cocker-
ell. Nov. comb. Mountain lily.

Springy canon on north slope of Green Mt., 6500-8000
ft. (Daniels, 355). Occasionally bearing two or more flowers.
Montana to Colorado.

93. ERYTHRONIUM L. Adder's-tongue. Dog-tooth

VIOLET.

263. E. parviflomm (S. Wats.) Goodding [E. grandiflorum
parviflonim S. Wats.]. Small-flowered adder's tongue.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-11500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 888).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

94. LLOYDIA Salisb.

264. L. serotina (L.) Sweet. Late Lloydia.
Arapahoe Peak, 10000-14000 ft. (Rydberg).
Montana to Alaska and Colorado.

241] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 93

Family 22. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lily-of-the-valley

family.

95. VAGNEEA Adans. False Solomon's seal.

265. V. racemosa (L.) Morong [Sinilacina racemosa (L.)
Desf.]. Wild spikenard.

Boulder Cafion, 6500-8500 ft. (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Washington; Georgia to California.

266. V. amplexicaulis (Nntt.) Greene [Smilacina amplex-
icaulis Nutt.] Clasping-leaved false Solomon's seal.

Common in shady canons throughout; at the edge of the
wasting snows in a high alpine valley above Bloomerville
July 7, 1906, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 143).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to C.-^lifornia.

267. V. stellata (L.) Morong [Smilacina stellata (L.)
Desf.] Starry false Solomon's seal.

Common throughout; along ditches and streams in the
plains, and in canons and wooded valleys in the mesas and
mountains, 5 100-12000 ft. (Daniels, iii). St. Vrain creek
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Newfoundland to Saskatchewan and Montana; Virginia
to Colorado.

96. STREPTOPUS Michx. Twisted stalk.

268. S. amplexifolius (L.) DC. Clasping-leaved twisted
stalk.

Local in deep canons in the foothills and mountains,
6500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 456).

Greenland to Alaska; North Carolina to Colorado
and Oregon.

97. DISPORUM Salisb.

269. D. majus (Hook.) Britton [D. trachycarpum (S. Wats.)
B. & H.; Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.]. Rough-
fruited disporum.

Local in company with the preceeding, 6500 (Green Mt.;
Bear Canon) -iiooo ft. (Daniels, 455). Also at Eldora
(Rydberg).

Manitoba to British Columbia; Nebraska to Arizona.

94 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [242

98. ASPARAGUS L.

270. A. ofSicinalis L. Common asparagus.

A common escape throughout the cultivated district,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 114).

Europe, thence to North America.

Family 23. DRACAENACEAE Link. Dragon-tree family.

99. YUCCA L. Spanish bayonet.

271. Y. glauca Nutt. [Y. angustifolia Pursh]. Narrov/-
leaved Spanish bayonet.

Common in the plains, mesas, and foothills; just north of
the entrance to Bear Caiion it forms the main facies of the
vegetation, 5100-6500 (Green Mt.) ft. (Even higher I think
on the first line of hills). (Daniels, 39).

Nebraska to Montana; Missouri to Texas and Arizona.

Family 24. CALOCHORTACEAE Rydb. Mariposa lily family.

100. CAIOCHORTUS Pursh. Mariposa lily.

272. C. Gunnisonii S. Wats. Gunnison's mariposa lily.
Common in the mesas and mountain meadows, 5600-

loooo ft. (Daniels, 53). At Ward occurs the forma imma-
culatus Cockerell (Cockerell).

Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

Family 25. SMILACEAE Vent. Greenbrier family.

101. NEMEXIA Raf. Carrion flower.

273. N. lasioneuroiL (Hook.) Rydb. \Sm%lax lasioneuron
Hook.; N. herbacea melica A. Nelson]. Western car-
rion flower.

Canons in the mesas and foothills; especially frequent in
gulches on the east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 224). The type locality of N. herbacea melica A.
Nelson.

Saskatchewan to Nebraska and Colorado.

243] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 95

Order 13. AMARYLLIDALES.
Family 26. IXIACEAE Ecklon. Ixia family.

102. SISYRINCHIUM L. Blue-eyed grass.

274. S. alpestre Bickn. Alpine blue-eyed grass.
Mountain meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 648).
Colorado.

275. S. angustifolium Miller. Narrow-leaved blue-eyed
grass.

Common in meadows and about streams throughout ex-
cept at the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 72).
Also at North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).

Newfoundland to Mackenzie and British Columbia;
Virginia to Colorado.

103. IRIS L. Fleur-de-lis.

276. I. Missouriensis Nutt. Missouri blue flag.

In swales and wet meadows about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels). Common at 8000-9000 ft. at Eldora, Hesse, Mil-
ler's Ranch (Ramaley). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wa-
bash College Herb.)

North Dakota to Idaho; Colorado to California.

Order 14. ORCHIDALES.
Family 27. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Orchis family.

104. LIMNORCHIS Rydb. Bog orchis.

277. L. stricta (Lindl.) Rydb. Narrow-spiked bog orchis.
Subalpine bogs and springy mountainsides at Eldora,

8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 993).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to Washington.

278. L. viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. Green-flowered bog or-
chis.

Common in deep canons and about springs throughout
the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels,

69)-

Alberta to Alaska and Colorado.

96 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [244

279. L. borealis (Gham.) Rydb. Northern bog orchis.
Springs on mountainside at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 842).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to Washington.

280. L. laxiflora Rydb. Loose-flowered bog orchis.
Common in deep mountain canons, 6500-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 602).

Oregon to Colorado and Utah.

105. PIPERIA Rydb. Piper's orchis.

281. P. TJnalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. [Habenaria Una-
laschcnsis S. Wats.] Alaskan Piper's orchis.

Under pines on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 470). Also on South Boulder Peak, 8500
ft. (Rydberg).

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

106. IBIBIUM Salisb. Ladies' tresses.

282. I. Romanzoffianuni strictum (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov.
comb. [^Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.] Narrow - spiked
ladies' tresses.

One plant in a deep canon on the north slope of Green
Mt.; common in springy bogs at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 769).

Newfoundland to Alaska; Pennsylvania to Colorado.

107. OPHRYS (Tourn.) L. Twayblade.

283. 0. borealis (Morong) Rydb. yUistcra borealis IMorong].
Northern twayblade.

Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very rare, 6500-
8100 ft (Daniels, 607).
Hudson Bay to Mackenzie; Colorado to Montana.

2833^. 0. nephrophylla Rydb. [Listeni ncphrophylla Rydb.]
Kidney-leaved twayblade.
Redrock lake loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Alaska to Colorado and Oregon.

245] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 97

108. PERAMIUM Salisb. Rattlesnake plantain.

284. P. ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. Snake-mouth rattle-
snake plantain.

Densely wooded canons on north slope of Green Mt., very
rare, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 827).

Prince Edward's Island to South Dakota; North Car-
olina to Colorado.

109. ACROANTHES Raf. Adder's mouth.

285. A. monophylla (L.) Greene [Microstylis monophylla
(L.) Lindl.]. One-leaved adder's mouth.

Deep canons on north slope of Green Mt., very scarce,
6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 342).

Quebec to Minnesota; Pennsylvania to Colorado.

110. CYTHEREA Salisb. Calypso.

286. C. bulbosa (L.) House. [Calypso borealis Salisb.].
Northern calypso.

Nederland, Boulder County, 8263 ft. (Miss Zora Phillips),
Labrador to Alaska; Maine to California: Europe.

111. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coralroot.
286^. C. ochroleuca Rydb. Yellow coralroot.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Nebraska to Colorado.

287. C. Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. [C. innata R. Br.]. Early
coralroot.

Canon in mesa at foot of Flagstafif Hill, only two plants,
5700-5800 ft. (Daniels, 122). Also at Caribou, loooo ft.
(Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska; Georgia to Colorado and
Washington.

288. C. multiflora Nutt. Large coralroot.

A solitary cluster of plants under conifers at the Royal
Arch at base of the Flat-irons, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 229). Also
on North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska; Florida to California.

gS UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [246

Sub-class 2, DICOTYLEDONES.

Series i. CHORIPETALAE.

Order 15. SALICALES.
Family 28. SALIC ACE AE Lindl. Willow family.
112. POPULTJS L. Poplar. Aspen. Cottonwood.

289. P. tremuloides aurea (Tidestrom) Daniels, Nov. comb.*
American aspen.

Throughout the foothills and mountain region except at the
higher elevations, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels, 314).

Newfoundland to Hudson Bay and Alaska; New Jersey
and Tennessee to Mexico and Lower California.

290. P. Sargentii Dode. [P. occidentalis (Rydb.) Britton ;
P. deltoides occidentalis Rydb.]. Western cottonwood.

Common along streams, ascending Boulder creek as far
as Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 820). Also at Lyons
(Rydberg).

Saskatchewan to Montana; Kansas to Arizona.

291. P. acuminata Rydb. Black cottonwood.

A solitary tree near a stream about half way between
Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 819). Common in
all gulches ; there are large trees in Sunshine Canon, 6500 ft.
(Ramaley).

South Dakota to Idaho; New Mexico to Nevada.

292. P. angustifolia James. Narrow-leaved cottonwood.
Along streams and in canons on the mesas and in the

foothills and mountains, 5400-9000 ft. (Daniels, 52).

North Dakota to Washington; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

293. P. balsamifera L. Balsam poplar.

Fourth of July mine; Eldora; Allenspark, 8000-10000 ft.
(Ramaley).

Labrador to Alaska; New England to Colorado.

*See Appendix A.

247] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 99

113. SALIX L. Willow.

294. S. amygdaloides Anders. Peacti willow.
Common along streams; the only willow, except the next,

of tree size about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 90).

Quebec to Washington; New York to Missouri and
Arizona.

295. S. caudata (Nutt.) Piper [S. Fendleriana Anders. ; 5".
pentandra caudata Nutt.; 5. lasia?jdra. Fendleriana Bebb].
Fendler's willow.

Along streams in mountain canons, 5500 (Boulder creek)-
lOOOO ft. (Daniels, 807).

Alberta to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

296. S. exigua Nutt. Narrowleaf willow.

Marshall; Valmonl; Boulder; South Boulder Canon; near
junction of Fourmile and Boulder creeks, 5000-9000 ft.
(Ramaley).

Mackenzie to Washington; Colorado to California.

297. S. luteosericea Rydb. Silky sandbar willow.
Sandy stream flats in the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft.

(Daniels, 134).

Nebraska to Idaho and Colorado.

2975^. S. lutea Nutt. Yellow wiliow.

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Canada to Colorado and Califor.ma.

298. S. Wolfii Bebb. Wolf's willow.
Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

299. S. irrorata Anders. Bloom-branciied willow.
Gregory Caiion (E. Bethel).

Colorado to New Mexico.

300. S. perrostrata Rydb. Long-beaked willow.
Common in mountain cafions, 5500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 811).
Hudson Bay to Alaska and Colorado.

lOO UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [248

301. S. Bebbiana Sarg. [S. rostrata Richardson]. Bebb's

WIIXOW.

Canons and mountain valleys, frequent, 5700-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 824). St.Vrain Caiion T Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).

Anticosti to Alaska ; New Jersey to California.

302. S. Scouleriana Barratt [S. Nuttallii Sarg. ; S. flavcscens
Nutt.]. Nuttall's willow.

High alpine valley next to snow, above Bloomerville,
Boulder Caiion, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 321). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

AssiNiBOiA to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-

FORNL4.

303. S. brachycarpa Nutt. Dwarf willow.
Silver lake, 7000-11000 ft. (Ramaley).
Quebec to Alberta and Colorado.

304. S. pseudolapponicum Seem. False Lapland willow.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, iiooo- 13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 883). Also between Eldora and Baltimore (Rydberg).

Colorado.

305. S. glaucops Anderson. Glaucous willow.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 1 1000- 13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 937). Also mountains south of Ward, and between
Sunshine and Ward, (Rydberg).

Alberta to Yukon; Colorado to California.

306. S. chlorophylla Anders. Green-leaf willow.
Near Fourth of July mine, (Ramaley).

Labrador and New Hampshire to Alaska and Colorado.

307. S. petrophila Rydb. [S. arctica petraea Anderson].
Rock-loving willow.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 951).

New Hampshire to British Columbia; Colorado to
Utah.

249] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO lOI

308. S. Saxiniontana Rydb. Rocky Mountain willow.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-14000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 901).

Wyoming and Colorado to Washington and California.

Order 16. FAGALES.

Family 29. BETULACEAE Agardh. Birch family.

114. BETULA L. Birch.

309. B. papyrifera Andrewsii (A. Nels.) Daniels [B. Andrewsii
A. Nets.] Andrews's canoe birch.

A few patches in valleys on the north slope of Green
Mountain (Daniels, 1018). The type locality.
Colorado, as above.

310. B. fontinalis Sarg. [B. occidcntalis S. Wats.]. Foun-
tain birch. Western red birch.

Everywhere along streams except at high altitudes, where
the next takes its place, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 149). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter
in Wabash College Herb.).

Alberta to Yukon; South Dakota to New Mexico arid
Oregon.

311. B. glandulosa Michx. Glandular birch. Scrub birch.
In bogs, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-iiOQO ft. (Rydberg):

Ward (Cockerell).

Greenland to Alaska; Maine to Colorado and Oregon:
Asia.

115. ALNUSGaertn. Alder.

312. A. tenuifolia Nutt. [A. incana virescens S. Wats.].
Thin-leaved alder.

Along streams throughout, 5400 (Boulder creek) -10000 ft.
(Daniels, 571). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to Alaska; New Mexico to California.

I02 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [25O

Family 30. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazel family.

116. CORYLUS L. Hazel.

313. C. rostrata Ait. Beaked hazel nut.

Abundant in canons in the mesas, foothills, and the moun-
tain plateau, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 116).

Nova Scotia to North Dakota; Georgia to Colorado.

Order 17. URTICALES.
Family 31. URTICACEAE Reichenb. Nettle family.

117. TJRTICA L. Nettle.

314. XT. gracilis Ait. Slender nettle.

Common in stream-flats both in and out of shade, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 583). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska; North Carolina to New Mexico

118. PARIETAEIA L. Pellitory.

315. P. Pennsylvanica Muhl. Pennsylvania pellitory.
Moist places under rocks and in canons and on shady

banks of streams, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 498).

Ontario to British Columbia; Florida to Mexico.

316. P. obtusa Rydb. Obtuse-leaved pellitory.
Sunset Canon, 6000 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado to Utah; Texas to California.

Family 32. CANNABINACEAE Lindl. Hemp family.

119. HUMULTJS L. Hop.

317. H. Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus A. Nels. & Cockerell. New
Mexico hop.

Rocky banks of canons and along streams and in waste
places as along fences, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 573).
Wyoming to Utah; New Mexico to Arizona.

251] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO3

Family 33. ULMACEAE Mirbel. Elm family.

120. TJLMUS L. Elm.

318. IT. Americana L. American elm.

A tree of considerable size occurs in a wild place near the
entrance to Boulder Canon, doubtless self-sown from trees
planted for shade, 5500 ft. (Daniels).

Newfoundland to Manitoba; Florida to Texas.

121. CELTIS L. Hackberry.

319. C. reticulata Torr. Veiny-leaved hackberry.
Rocky ridges on the mesas and foothills, scarce, 5700-

6500 ft. (Daniels, 796).

Texas to Colorado and Arizona.

Order 18. SANTALALES.
Family 34. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. Mistletoe family.

122. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hofifm. Small mistletoe.

320. R. Americana (Nutt.) Kuntze [Arceuthobium Ameri-
canmn'Nuit.]. American small mistletoe.

On Pinus contorta Mtirrayana (Oreg. Com.) Engelm. at
Sunset, 7700 ft. (Rydberg).

British Columbia to Colorado and Oregon.

321. R. cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville [Arceuthobium cryp-
topodum Engelm; A. robustum Engelm] . Hidden-footed
small mistletoe.

On Pinus scopulorum. (Engelm.) Lemmon upon high ridge
well toward eastern summit of Green Mt., 7500-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 770). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Texas and Colorado to Arizona and Mexico.

Family 35. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sandalwood family.

123. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard toad-flax.

322. C. pallida A. DC. Pale bastard toad-flax.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000

ft. (Daniels, 49). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).

Manitoba to British Columbia; Texas to California.

104 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [252

Order 19. POLYGONALES.
Family 36. POLYGONACEAE Llndl. Knotweed family.
124. ERIOGONTJM Michx. Wool-joint.

323. E. alatum Terr. Winged wool-joint.

Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and open moun-
tainsides, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 170).

Nebraska to Wyoming; Texas to Arizona.

324. E. vegetius (T. & G.) A. Nels. [E. flavum vegetius T.
& G. ; -E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats. ; E. Bakeri Greene] .
Baker's wool-joint.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and at Meadow
Park, 9000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Utah; New Mexico to Arizona.

325. E. flavum Nutt. [E. crassifolium Dougl.]. Yellow
wool-joint.

Common in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 368).
Saskatchewan to Alberta; Nebraska to Colorado.

326. E. Timbellatiim Torr. Umbellate wool-joint.

Very abundant in open places throughout, 5100-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 55).
Wyoming to Idaho; Colorado to Utah.

327. E. subalpinum Greene. Subalpine wool -joint.
Along the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak

and ascending to the timberline, but not above it, 8600-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 950).
Alberta to British Columbia ; Colorado to Nevada.

328. E. effusum Nutt. Effuse wool- joint.

Plains and mesas between Marshall and South Boulder
Peaks, and along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall,
5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 439).

Nebraska to Montana and Color.ado.

253] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO IO5

125. RTJMEX L. Dock.

329. R. Acetosella L. Sheep sorrel.

Along railroads and roadsides, and in fields and waste
places, in 1906 still somewhat scarce, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
589). Very common now (1910), along railways up to 9000 ft.
and higher (Ramaley).

Europe: Asia, thence to North America.

330. R. occidentalis S. Wats. Western dock.
In Bear Cafion, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 710).
Labrador to Alaska; Texas to California.

331. R. densiflorus Osterh. [R. Bakeri Greene]. Dense-
flowered dock.

Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 908).
Wyoming to Colorado.

332. R. crispus L. Curly dock.

Fields and waste places and becoming common in ditches
and swales, .5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 491).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

333. R. salicifolius Weinm. Willow-leaved dock.
Common in ditches, shallow streams, and in swales and

low meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 234).

Labrador to Alaska ; Texas to Lower California : Eu-
rope.

334. R. obtusifolius L. Bitter dock.

Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

126. OXYRIA Hill.

335. 0. digyna (L.) Hill. Mountain sorrel.
Creek-banks at Eldora; above timberline, Arapahoe Peak,

8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 844).

Greenland to Alaska; New Hampshire to Arizona and
California: Europe: Asia.

I06 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [254

127. POLYGONUM L. Knotweed.
336. P. erectuin L. Erect knotweed.

Along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 580).
Maine to Alberta ; Georgia to Arkansas and Colorado.

2)T,y. P. buxiforme Small. Box-like knotweed.

Bear Canon, and all waste places, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels,
698).

Ontario to Washington ; Virginia to Texas and Nevada.

338. P. aviculare L. Doorweed.

Common about houses, along railroads, and in all waste
places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 582).
Asia: Europe: North America.

339. P. ramosissimum Michx. Bushy knotweed.
Common along railroads and roads, and in low weedy

grounds, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 519).

Minnesota to Washington ; Illinois to New Mexico and
Nevada ; Maine to New Jersey along the coast.

340. P. Sawatchense Small. Saguache knotweed.

High mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 178).

South Dakota to Washington ; Colorado to Arizona and
California.

341. P. confertiflorum Nuttall [P. JVatsonii Small]. Wat-
son's knotweed.

About the quarries at foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 660).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

342. P. unifolium Small. One-leaved knotweed.
Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft (Daniels, 672).
Montana to Colorado.

343. P. Engelmannii Greene [P. tenue microspermum
Engclm.]. Engelmann's knotweed.

Sandy stream-flats, especially common along the railroad in
Boulder Canon, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 568).
Montana and Colorado to British Columbia.

255] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 10/

344. P. Douglasii Greene. Douglas's knotweed.
Common in open, especially sandy places throughout, 5100-

loooo ft. (Daniels, 958).

Vermont to British Columbia ; New York to New Mex-
ico and California.

344a. P. Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small [P. consimile
Greene]. Branched Douglas's knotweed.

Gregory Cafion, 6000-6300 ft. (Daniels, 546). Lower Boul-
der Canon (Rydberg).

Range of the type?

128. PERSICAEIA Adans. Smartweed. Lad-/s

THUMB.

345. p. emersa (Michx.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Polygonum
Muhlenbergii S. Wats; Polygonum emersum (Michx.)
Britton]. Muhlenberg's lady's thumb.

Along ditches and in swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels).

Maine to British Columbia ; Virginia to California and
Mexico.

346. P. lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum lapathifo-
lium L.]. Dock-leaved lady's thumb.

Swales and ditches in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
506).

Europe: Asia: North America.

347. P. Persicaria (L.) Small. [Polygonum Persicaria L.].
Common lady's thumb.

Common in waste places, and along ditches and in swales,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 517).

Europe, thence to North America.

348. P. punctata (Ell.) Small [Polygonum punctatum Ell;
Polygonum acre H. B. K.]. Water smartweed. Dotted

WATER pepper.

Margins of ponds, in swales and spring}^ grounds, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 798).

North America: Central America: South America.

I08 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [256

129. BISTORTA Tourn. Bistort.

349. B. bistortoides (Pursh) Small [Polygonum Bistorta ob-
longifolium Meisn.]. Oblong-leaved bistort.

Along Arapahoe Trail and above timberline on Arapahoe
Peak, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 890).
Montana to Washington ; New Mexico to California.

350. B. vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum viviparum L.].
Alpine bistort.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
894). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake,
loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Greenland to Alaska ; New Hampshire to Colorado : Eu-
rope: Asia.

130. TINIARIA Reichenb. False Buckwheat.

351. T. Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Moq. [Polygonum Con-
volvulus L.]. Black bindweed. Common false buck-
wheat.

Along railroads and roads ; throughout the cultivated area
as a weed in fields, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 484).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

Order 20. CHENOPODIALES.
Family 37. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosef cot family.

131. CHENOPODIITM L. Goosefoot. Lamb's quar-
ters. Pigweed.

352. C. leptophyllum Nutt. Narrow-leaved goosefoot.
Common in the plains, mesas, and gullies of the foothills and

mountains, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 604).

Nebraska to Montana; Missouri to Arizona.

353. C. oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. [C. leptophyllum ob-
longifolium S. Wats.]. Oblong-leaved goosefoot.

Common in dry places on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000
ft. (Daniels, 994).

North Dakota to Wyoming; Missouri and Texas to Ari-
zona.

257] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I09

354. C. incanum (S. Wats.) Heller [C. Fremontii incamim
S. Wats.]. Hoary goosefoot.

Frequent on the plains and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 411).
Nebraska to Colorado; New Mexico to Nevada.

355. C. Fremontii S. Wats. Fremont's goosefoot.
Bear Cafion in shade, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 829),
South Dakota to Montana ; New Mexico to Arizona and

Mexico.

356. C. album L. White goosefoot. Common pigweed.
Common in fields, yards, and waste places, 5100-8600 ft.

(Daniels, 806).
Europe and Asia, thence a cosmopolitan weed.

357. C. hybridum L. Maple-leaved goosefoot.

Common in shady cafions, and as a weed in gardens and
waste places, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 601).
Temperate North America: Europe.

358. C. rubrum L. [Blitiim rubrum (L.) Reichenb.]. Red
goosefoot.

Along Boulder Cafion near Falls, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels,

549)-

Newfoundland to British Columbia ; New Jersey to Col-
orado : Europe : Asia.

359. C. Botrys L. Feather geranium. Jerusalem oak.
Common in waste places and along railroads in coal ashes.

5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 598).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

132. BUTUM L. Blite.

360. B. capitatum L. Strawberry blite.

Frequent in caiions and along mountain roads, 6000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 545). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska ; New Jersey to California : Eu-
rope.

no UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [258

133. CYCLOLOMA Moq.

361. C. atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. [C. platyphyllum
Moq.] Winged pigweed.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall ; also along
the railroad in Sunset Canon, 5400-7700 ft. (Daniels, 485).
Marshall (W. W. Robbins).

Ontario to Montana; Arkansas to Arizona.

134. MONOLEPIS Schrad.

362. M. Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene [M. chenopodioides
Moq.]. Nuttall's Monolepis.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, the only ruderal observed
there, 11000-15000 ft. (Daniels, 918).
Minnesota to Washington ; Texas to California.

135. ATRIPLEX L. Orache.

363. A. carnosa A. Nels. Fleshy orache.

Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 729).
Nebraska to Montana; Kansas to Colorado.

364. A. argentea Nutt. Silvery orache.

Alkaline flats at Boulder lake, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 730).
North Dakota to British Columbia; Kansas to Colo-
rado.

365. A. occidentalis Torr & Fremont. Western orache.
Dry mesas at Boulder (Rydberg).

Colorado to Utah ; Texas to Arizona.

366. A. hortensis L. Garden orache.

Along railroads and in yards, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 679).
Europe, thence to North America.

136. EUROTIA Adans. White sage.

367. E. lanata (Pursh) Moq. Woolly white sage.
Plains at Boulder (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Washington ; Kansas to California.

137. CORISPERMUM L. Bugserd.

368. C. marginale Rydb. Marginal-fruited bugseed.
Valleys near Boulder (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Colorado.

259] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO III

138. DONDIA Adans. Sfa elite.

369. D. depressa (Pursh) Britten [Siiaeda depressa S.Wats.].
Low SEA elite.

About the shores of Boulder lake, .ond other brackish lakes
and pools, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 778). Near Boulder (W. W.
Robbins).

Saskatchewan to Montana; Colorado to Nevada,

369>^. D. erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. [Suaeda depressa
erect 2 S. Wats.]. Erect sea bliti:.
Calkins lake (W. W. Robbins).
North Dakota to Montana; Colorado to Nevada.

139. SALSOLA L. Saltwort. Sea kale.

370. S. Tragus L. Russian thistle.

Very common in waste places and along railroads, 5100-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 419).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

Family 38. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Amaranth

family.

140. AMARANTHUS L. Amaranth. Pigweed.

371. A. Powellii S. Wats. Powell's pigweed.
Sandy valleys at Boulder (Rydberg).
Texas to Colorado and California.

372. A. retroflexus L. Rough pigweed.

Abounding in fields and waste places, 5100-7000 (clearings
in Bear Canon, perhaps even higher in the mountains) ft.
(Daniels, 812).

Tropical America, thence a cosmopolitan weed.

373. A. blitoides S. Wats. Prostrate pigweed.

Along thoroughfares, and in fields, waste places, and creek-
sands throughout, very common, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 814).

Colorado to Utah and Mexico, thence to the rest of the
United States and Southern Canada.

112 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [260

374. A. graecizans L. [A. albus L.]. White pigweed. Tum-
ble WEED.

Common in waste places, especially on the plains, 5100-6000
ft. (Daniels, 813).
Tropical America, thence throughout North America.

141. FROELICHIA Moench.

375. F. gracilis Moq. Slender froelichia.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall; also
along the railroad in Boulder Canon, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels,

476).

Nebraska to Colorado; Arkansas to Texas.

Family 39. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. Corrigiola
family.

142. PARONYCHIA Adans. Whitlowwort.

376. P. pulvinata Gray. Pulvinate whitlowwort.
Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 1 100-13500 ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming and Colorado to Utah.

377. P. Jamesii T. & G. James's whitlow-wort.
Common in open situations throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 136). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
at Meadow Park and Lyons (Rydberg).

Nebraska to Wyoming; Texas to New Mexico and Mex-
ico.

Family 40. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Umbrella-wort

family.

143. ABRONIA Juss.

378. A. fragrans Nutt. Fragrant abronia.

Near Boulder (Tweedy). Valmont Butte, not getting to
Boulder (Ramaley).
South Dakota to Idaho; Kansas to New Mexico.

144. ALLIONIA Loeffl. Umbrella-wort.

379. A. nyctaginea Michx. [OxybapJius nyctaginetts Sweet].
Heart-leaved umbrella- wort.

Plains and mesas, especially about streams, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 113).
Illinois to Saskatchewan ; Missouri to Coloralx).

26lJ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO II3

380. A. hirsuta Pursh. Hairy umbrella-wort.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 353).

Wisconsin and Minnesota to South Dakota; Missouri
to Colorado.

381. A. diffusa Heller. Diffuse umbrella-wort.

On the plains and mesas and rich mountain slopes, 5100-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 167).

North Dakota to Wyoming ; Kansas to Arizona.

382. A. lanceolata Rydb. Lance-leaved umbrella-wort.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Tweedy).

Minnesota to Wyoming; Tennessee to Texas and Colo-
rado.

383. A. linearis Pursh [Oxybaphus angustifoliiis Sweet].
Narrow-leaved umbrella-wort.

On the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 960).
Minnesota to Montana ; Louisiana to Arizona and Mex-
ico.

Family 41. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. New Zealand
spinach family.

145. MOLLUGO L. Carpet-weed.

384. M. verticillata L. Common carpet-weed.

Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and
South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 427). Not in
Rydberg's Flora.

Tropical America, thence to North America.

Family 42. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. Purslane family.

146. TALINTTM Adans. Fame-flower.

385. T. parviflorum Nutt. Small-flowered fame-flower.
Common on shales with thin soil between Marshall and

South Boulder Peaks; also on rocks in Gregory Canon, 5400-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 437).

Minnesota to South Dakota; Texas to Arizona and
Mexico.

114 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [262

147. CLAYTONIA L. Spring beauty.

386. C. rosea Rydb. Rosy spring beauty.
Common at Boulder (Cockerell).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Colorado to Cali-
fornia.

387. C. megarrhiza Parry. Large-rooted spring beauty.
Arapahoe Peak, towards summit. 12000-13500 ft. (Daniels,

889, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
Montana and Colorado to Utah.

148. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. Water spring be.\uty.

388. C. Chamissoi (Ledeb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Claytonia
Cliamissonis Esch.]. Chamisso's water spring beauty.

Along ditches in the plains, and in deep cafions in the foot-
hills and mountains ; along streams at Ward and Bloomerville ;
in subalpine bogs at Eldora ; and in wet tundras on Arapahoe
Peak, 5 100- 1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 239). Arapahoe Pass (Ryd-
berg).

Minnesota to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

149. OREOBROMA Howell. Bitter root.

389. 0. pygmaea (Gray) Howell. [Calandrinia pygmaea
Gray; Lewisia pygmaea (Gray) Robinson]. Pygmy bit-
ter root.

Arapahoe Peak, 12000 ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo
ft. (Ram.aley & Robbins).
Montana and Colorado to California.

150. PORTULACA L. Purslane. Pussley.

390. P. oleracea L. Common purslane.

Campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder (Cock-
erell).

Tropical America, now cosmopolitan.

391. P. retusa Engelm. Retuse-leaved purslane.

Along the railroad in Sunset Caiion, 5700-7700 ft. (Daniels,
722).

Arkansas to Nevada ; Texas to New Mexico.

263] FLORA OF BOULDER. COLORADO II5

Family 43. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Chickweed Family.

151. ALSINE L. Chickweed. Starwort.

392. A. media L. [StcUaria media (L.) Cyr.]. Common chick-
weed.

Streets in the city of Boulder. 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 803).
Europe and Asia, thence a cosmopolitan weed.

393. A. Baicalensis Coville [Stellaria iimhellata Turcz.]. Lake

BaICAL STARWORT.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline in wet tundras, iiooo-
13500 ft. (Daniels, 929). Also along mountain streams from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Montana to Oregon ; Colorado to California : Siberia.

394. A. longifolia (Muhl.) Britton [StcUaria longifoUa
Muhl.]. Long-leaved stitchwort.

In liigh alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-
iiooo ft. (Daniels, 326).

Newfoundland to Alaska ; Maryland to Colorado : Eu-
rope: Asia.

395. A. longipes (Goldie) Coville [StcUaria longipes Goldie].
Long-pedicelled stitchwort.

Wet meadows at Caribou, 8000-10000 ft. (Rydberg).
Labrador to Alaska and Colorado : Siberia.

395a. A. longipes stricta (Richardson) Rydb. [StcUaria
stricta Richardson]. Strict long-pedicelled stitchwort.
Eldora to Baltimore, 8000-1 1000 ft. (Rydberg).
Range of the type, but extending to California.

396. A. Jamesiana (Torr.) Heller [StcUaria J amesiana Tow.].
James's starwort.

Along a stream in the mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 26). The plants have fimbriate petals!
Wyoming to New Mexico and California.

152 CERASTIUM L. Mouse-ear chickweed.

397. C. occidentale Greene. Western mouse-ear chickweed.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountainsides in

Il6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [264

sheltered places and about streams and springs, 5700 (stream
in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill) — 12000 ft. (Daniels, 24). St.
Vrain Canon, 7000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Montana to Colorado and Utah.

153. ARENARIA L. Sandwort.

398. A. Tweedyi Rydb. Tweedy's sandwort.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1003).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

399. A. Fendleri Gray. Fendler's sandwort.

High mesas between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks,
thence throughout the mountain region, 5700-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 425). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
at Caribou (Rydberg).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

399a. A. Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. Diffuse Fend-
ler's sandwort.

Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, and in the
foothills and mountains, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 423).

Colorado.

154. ALSmOPSIS Small.

400. A. propinqua (Richardson) Rydb. [Arenaria propinqua
Richardson; A. verna aequicaulis A. Nels.]. Glandular
sandwort.

Arapahoe Peak in dry tundras, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
754). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Hudson Bay to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

401. A. obtusiloba Rydb. [Arenaria obtusa Torr.]. Obtuse-
leaved sandwort.

Very common in dry tundras, forming often the main part of
the turf, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 913). Also
at Caribou, loooo ft. (Rydberg). Redrock lake. loioo ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).

Alberta to British Columbia ; New Mexico to Utah.

265] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 11/

Family 44. CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pink family.

155. SILENE L. Campion. Catchfly.

402. S. antirrhina L. Sleepy catchfly.

Common on the plains and mesas, and in deep caiions for
some distance in the mountains, 5100-6500 (Boulder Canon),
ft. (Daniels, 477).

Newfoundland to British Columbia ; Florida to Cali-
fornia and Mexico.

402a. S. antirrhina depauperata Rydb. Depauperate sleepy
catchfly.

Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 974).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Colorado to Ari-
zona.

403. S. noctiflora L. Night-blooming catchfly.

Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder,
5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 815). Campus of the University of
Colorado (Cockerell).

Europe, thence to North America.

404. S. acaulis L. Moss campion.

Dry tundras, Arapahoe Peak, where it is abundant and char-
acteristic, 11000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 902).

Greenland to Alaska; New Hampshire to Arizona: arc-
tic-alpine in the Old World.

156. LYCHNIS L.

405. L. Druminondii (Hook.) S. Wats. Drummond's pink.
Common in open places throughout, 5 100- 1 0000 ft. (Daniels,

173). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Manitoba to British Columbia ; New Mexico to Arizona.

157. VACCARIA Medic.

406. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton [V. vulgaris Host; Saponaria
Vaccaria L.]. Cow herb.

Common in waste places about Boulder, 5300-5700 ft. (Dan-
iels, 135).

Europe, thence to North America.

Il8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [266

158. SAPONARIA L. Soapwort.

407. S. officinalis L. Bouncing Bet.

Roadsides and along railroads, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 725).
Not in Rydberg's Flora.

Europe, thence to North America.

Order 21. RAN ALES.
Family 45. CERATOPEYLLACEAE Gray. Hornwort family.

159. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Hornwort.

408. C. demersum L. Common hornwort.

Owen's lake; Boulder lake. 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 614).
North America: Europe: Asia.

Family 46. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowfoot family.

160. CALTHA L. Marsh marigold.

409. C. leptosepala DC. [C. rotundifolia (Huth) Greene;
C. chionophila Greene]. White marsh marigold.

Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to
Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above
timberline, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 880). Long's Peak (Coul-
^er in Wabash College Herb.).

Mackenzie to Yukon and Alaska ; Colorado to Nevada
and Oregon.

161. TROLLITJS L. Globe flower.

410. T. albiilonis (Gray) Rydb. [T. laxus alhiflorus Gray].
White globe flower.

Along brooks crossing the Arapahoe Trail from Eldora to
Arapahoe Peak, where in the wet tundras it ascends above
timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 919). Long's Peak (Coul-
ter in Wabash College Herb.).

Montana to Washington ; Colorado to Utah.

26y] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO II9

162. ACTAEA L. Baneberry.

411. A. ar^ta Nutt. Western red baneberry.
Frequent in deep canons throughout, 6000 (Bear Canon at

entrance) — loooo ft. (Daniels, 970).

Montana to Alaska ; New Mexico to Californl\ : North-
ern Asia.

411a. A. argiita ebumea (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Ac-
taca ehurnca Rydb.]. Ivory baneberry.

Mountain canons throughout, 6500 (Bear Canon) — loooo ft.
(Daniels, 468).

Newfoundland to Alberta ; Vermont to Utah.

163. AaUILEGIA L. Columbine.

412. A. ccenilea James. Azure columbine.

North slope of Green Mt. ; Bear Canon ; common on the
mountains between Sunset and Ward ; above timberline, Arap-
ahoe Peak, 6500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 350). Nearly extermi-
nated in the immediate region about Boulder. Also North
Boulder Peak (Rydberg). The State flower of Colorado.

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

164. DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur.

413. D. Penardii Huth. Penard's larkspur.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 66).
Colorado.

414. D. campomm Greene. Plains larkspur.

Plains and foothills near Boulder. 5100-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
Texas to Colorado and Arizona.

415. D. Nelsonii Greene. Nelson's larkspur.

Along streams in mesa fronting Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 112). Sugarloaf Mountain, 8000 ft. (Ramaley).
Alberta to Washington ; Nebraska to Utah.

416. D. occidentale S. Wats. [D. quercetoriim Greene].
Western larkspur.

Rich mountainsides between Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8000-
loooo ft. (Daniels, 628).
Wyoming and Colorado to Utah.

I20 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [268

4163^. D. Barbeyi Huth [D. scopulorum subalpinuni Gray; D.
subalpinum (Gray) A. Nels.]. Barbey's larkspur.
Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.)-
Wyoming and Colorado.

417. D. Ajacis L. Garden larkspur.

Escaped into streets in the city of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 191).
Europe, thence to Canada and the United States.

165. ACONITUM L. Monkshood.

418. A. porrectum Rydb. Porrect monkshood.
Arapahoe Pass, loooo ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

419. A. Columbianiuti Nutt. Columbia monkshood.
Boulder Caiion above the Falls near the Perfect Tree, 7500

8000 ft. (Daniels, 540). Also Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins).

Montana to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

420. A. insigne Greene. Showy monkshood.

Subalpine meadows near Eldora, 8600-1 looo ft. (Daniels,

979)-

Colorado.

421. A. ochroleucum A, Nels. Ochroleucous monkshood.
Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 980).
Wyoming to Colorado.

166. ANEMONE L. Wind flower.

422. A. globosa Nutt. Globose anemone.

Bear Canon, scarce ; common in aspen bogs at Eldora and
Glacier Lake, 7000-1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 446). Also at Caribou
(Rydberg).

South Dakota to Mackenzie and Alaska; Colorado to
California,

269] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 121

423. A. cylindrica Gray. Long-fruited anemone.
Common in the mesas, thence following the streams in the

plains, and on the foothills, 5100-8000 ft, (Daniels, 186).

New Brunswick to British Columbia; New Jersey to
Arizona.

424. A. Canadensis L. [A. Pennsylvanica L.] Canada ane-
mone. Pennsylvania anemone.

Common in canons and along streams throughout, except in
the higher elevations, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 443).
Labrador to Alberta ; Maryland to New Mexico.

167. PULSATILLA Adans. Pasque flower.

425. P. hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton [Anemone patens Nut-
talliana Gray]. American pasque flower.

Common in open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels,
219). Also Sugarlcaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell), and North Boul-
der Peak, and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Long's Peak
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Illinois to Mackenzie; Texas to Washington.

425a. P. hirsutissima rosea (Cockerell) Daniels. Nov. comb.
Pink pasque flower.
Boulder (Miss Marie Gill). This rose-colored form is due
to some unusual acidity of the sap, not to a difference in the
character of the pigment.

168. CLEMATIS L. Virgin's bower.

426. C. iigusticifolia Nutt. Western virgin's bower.
Common among bushes in canons and along streams, ascend-
ing for a considerable distance into the mountains along the
principal streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 155).

North Dakota to British Columbia; Missouri to Cali-
fornia.

169. VIORNA Reichenb. Leather flower.

427. V. Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. [Clematis Douglasii Jonesii
Kuntze]. Jones's leather flower.

Scarce in the foothills at Orodell along Boulder Caiion, 6000-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 723). Near Boulder (Patterson).
Colorado to Nevada,

122 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [27O

428. V. eriophora Rydb. [Clematis eriophora Rydh.]. Wool-
ly LEATHER FLOWER.

Foothills along Boulder Caiion, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 998).
Puzzling intermediates between this species and the preceding
were found at Orodell.

Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

170. ATRAGENE L. Bell rue.

429. A. occidentalis Hornem. [A. Columbiana 'Nutt.]. West-
ern BELL rue.

Very scarce in Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 761).
Redrock lake loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to Utah.

171. MYOSTJRUS L. Mouse tail.

430. M. apetalus Gay [M. aristatus Benth.]. Beaked mouse
tail.

In muddy places, Long's Peak, 9000 ft. (Rydberg).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California :
Chili: New Zealand.

172. BATRACHITJM S. F. Gray. White water crow-
foot.

431. B. aquatile flaccidum (Pers.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [B.
flaccidnm (Pers.) Rupr.]. Flaccid-leaved white wa-
ter CROWFOOT.

Aquatic in a pond at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 618).
Also at Boulder (Pydberg). Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins).

Labrador to Washington ; North Carolina to Lower
California.

173. RANITNCULUS L. Crowfoot. Buttercup.

432. R. reptans L. \R. Flauimula reptans (L.) E. Meyer].
Creeping crowfoot.

Common in limose places about Boulder ; at Marshall ; in
Sunset Cafion ; aspen and subalpine bogs at Glacier Lake and

2/1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I23

Eldora, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 619). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Labrador to Alaska ; New Jersey to Utah and Oregon :
Europe: Aslv.

433. R. ellipticus Greene. Elliptic-leaved crow-foot.
Long's Peak (Porter and Coulter).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California,

434. R. cardiophyllus Hook. [R. affinis cardiophyllus Grayj.
Heart-leaved crowfoot.

Wet meadows and bogs from Eldora to P>altimore, 8ooo--
loooo ft. (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Colorado.

435. R. inamoenus Greene. L^gly crowfoot.

Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 449). Also in meadows and
along streams at Caribou, and from Eldora to Baltimore, 7000-
loooo ft. (Rydberg).

Montana to New Mexico and Utah.

436. R. micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. [R. affinis micropetalus
Greene]. Small-petalled crowfoot.

Aspen bogs at Glacier Lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 715).
Colorado to Utah and Arizona.

437. R. pedatifidus J. G. Smith [R. affinis R. Br.]. North-
ern buttercup.

Alpine bogs and meadows, Eldora to Baltimore, 7000-12000
ft. (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).

Labrador to Alaska ; Colorado to Arizona : Siberia.

438. R. alpeophilus A. Nels. Alpine crowfoot.

In wet places near the snow at Caribou, 9000-12000 ft.
(Rydberg).
Montana to Colorado.

439. R. adoneus Gray. Adonis-like buttercup.
Alpine peaks at Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming and Colorado to Utah.

124 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [272

440. R. abortivus L. Kidney-leaved crovv^foot.
Common in low grounds, 5100-9000 (streams at Bloomer-

ville) ft. (Daniels, 322).

Labrador to Saskatchewan; Florida to Colorado.

441. R. micranthus Nutt. Small-flowered crowfoot.
In Bear Canon, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 828).
Massachusetts to Saskatchewan ; Florida to Colorado.

442. R. sceleratus eremogenes (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[R. eremogenes Greene]. Western swamp crowfoot.

Along ditches and in swales about Boulder and Marshall;
along Four-mile creek in Sunset Caiion, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 429).

Saskatchewan to Alberta; New Mexico to California.

443. R. Macounii Britton. Macoun's buttercup.

About irrigation ditches in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 236).

Ontario to Alberta : Iowa to Colorado.

174. HALERPESTES Greene.

444. H. Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene [Ranunculus Cymbalaria
Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl; Cyrtor-
rhyncha Cymbalaria (Pursh) Britton]. Seaside crow-
foot.

Around ponds and irrigation ditches about Boulder and Mar-
shall on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 255). Also at
Ward (Cockerell). Valmont (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).

North America : South America : Asia.

175. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt.

445. C. ranunculina Nutt. [Ranunculus Nuttallii Gray].
Nuttall's buttercup.

Rare on the north slope of Green Mt., 6500-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 369). Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter
in Wabash College Herb.).

Wyoming to Colorado.

273] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 25

176. THALICTRUM L. Meadow-rue.

446. T. purpurascens L. Purplish meadow-rue.

Springy canon at the foot of Flagstaff Hill; wet meadows
between Marshall and South Boulder Peaks, 5400-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 434).

Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan ; Florida to Colorado.

447. T. Fendleri Engelm. Fendler's meadow-rue.
Canons on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100 ft. (Dan-
iels, 532). Also in the mountains from Eldora to Baltimore
(Rydberg).

Wyoming and New Mexico to Arizona.

Family 47. NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Water-lily family.

177. NYMPHAEA L. Yellow pond lily.

448. N. polysepala (Engelm.) Greene [Nuphar polysepalum
Engelm.]. Many-sepalled yellow pond lily. West-
ern SPATTER DOCK.

Alpine lakes at Ward, 9000-1 1000 ft. (Daniels). A portion
of Engelmann's type material came from the vicinity of Long's
Peak, lat. 40°.

Montana to Alaska; Colorado to California.

Family 48. BERBERIDACEAE T. & G. Barberry family.

178. ODOSTEMON Raf. Oregon grapes.

449. 0. repens (Lindl.) Cockerell [0. Aqnifolium Rydb., not
Berberis Aqnifolium Pursh; B. repens Lindl.]. Creeping
Oregon grapes. Holly barberry.

Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5700-
loooo ft. (Daniels, 471). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.).

Montana to Idaho ; New Mexico to California.

126 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [274

Order 22. PAPAVERALES.
Family 49. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy family.

179. PAPAVER L. Poppy.

450. P. Argemone L. Rough-fruited poppy. Wind rose.
Escaped into streets and plains near dwellings, 5500-5600 ft.

(Daniels, 200).
Europe, thence to the United States.

180. ARGEMONE L. Prickly poppy.

451. A. intermedia Sweet. White prickly poppy.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open meadows in the

foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Daniels, 85).

South Dakota to Wyoming; Texas to Mexico.

452. A. hispida Gray [A. bipinnatifida Greene]. Hairy prick-
ly poppy.

Plains and foothills near Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Utah.

Family 50. FUMARIACEAE DC. Fumitory family.

181. CAPNOIDES Adans. Corydalis.

453. C. aureum (Willd.) Kuntze [Corydalis aurea Willd.].
Golden corydalis.

Rather frequent in rocky places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 82). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward, and at Ward (Rydberg). Long's Peak (Coulter in
Wabash College Herb.).

Nova Scotia to Alaska ; Pennsylvania to California.

454. C. montanum (Engelm.) Britton [C. pachylobum
Greene; Corydalis aurea occidentalis Gray]. Mountain
corydalis.

Near Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Utah ; Missouri to Texas and Arizona.

275] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 12/

Family 51. BRASSICACEAE Lindl. Mustard family.

182. CARD ARIA Desv.

455. C. Draba (L.) Desv. [Lepidium Draba L.]. Hoary

CRESS.

Near Boulder, (Rydberg).

Europe and Asia, thence to the United States.

183. LEPIDIUM L. Pepper grass.

456. L. medium Greene. Medium pepper grass.

Plains and foothills near Boulder, and in Boulder Cafion,
5000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 123).

Missouri to Texas and California.

457. L, divergens Osterh. Divergent pepper grass.
Common in creek-sands and along roads and railroads in the

foothills and mesas, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 32).
Colorado.

184. THLASPI L. Penny grass.

458. T. arvense L. Field penny grass.

Local in waste places ; especially abundant along roadsides
at the entrance of Boulder Canon, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 163).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

459. T. Nuttallii Rydb. Nuttall's penny grass.

Rocky cafions on the north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8100
ft. (Daniels, 275).

Montana and Colorado to Washington.

460. T. Coloradense Rydb. Colorado penny grass.
Gregory Caiion, 6200 ft. (Daniels, 194). Also in wet places

among rocks, Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 11000-13500 ft. (Ryd-
berg).
Colorado.

461. T. purpurascens Rydb. Purplish penny grass.
Among rocks on the peaks, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado to Arizona.

128 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [276

185. BURSA Weber. Shepherd's purse.

462. B. Bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber [Capsella Bursa-pastoris
(L.) Medic.]. Common shepherd's purse.

Very common in fields and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 252).

Europe, thence now cosmopolitan.

186. PHYSAEIA Gray. Double bladder pod.

463. P. didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray. Common double blad-
der pod.

Common under rocks in the mesas and foothills, 5700-7000
ft. (Daniels, 80). Also Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coul-
ter in Wabash College Herb.).

Saskatchewan to Alberta; Colorado to Utah.

464. P. floribunda Rydb. Many-flowered double bladder
pod.

Plains and foothills near Boulder ; Eldora to Baltimore,
(Rydberg). Also Boulder (Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
Colorado.

187. LESaUERELLA S. Wats. Bladder pod.

465. L. Shearis Rydb. Shear's bladder pod.

On shales with thin soil between Marshall and South Boul-
der Peaks, 5400-6000 ft. (Daniels, 436). Plains and foothills
at Boulder (Rydberg).

Colorado.

188. CAMELINA Crantz. Myagrum.

466. C. sativa (L.) Crantz [Myagrum sativum L.]. False

FLAX.

Along streets and in waste places in the city of Boulder,
5300-5700 ft. (Daniels, 281). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Europe, thence to North America.

189. NASTURTIUM R. Br. Cress.

467. N. Nasturtium — aquaticum (L.) Karst. [N. officinale R.
Br.; Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby.]. Water cress.

2/7] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 29

Frequent in ditches, streams, and springy swales in and
about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 590).

Europe and Asia, thence to both North and South Amer-
ica.

190. RADICULA Hill. Yellow cress.

468. R. calycina (Engelm.) Greene [Nasturtium calycinum
Engelm. ; Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb.]. Warty
podded yellow cress.

Along the railroad near Boulder lake, 5200-5300 ft. (Dan-
iels, 774).

Montana to Washington and New Mexico.

469. R. sinuata (Nutt.) Greene [N asturtium sinuatum "^Mii. ',
Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc.]. Spreading yel-
low CRESS.

On stream banks and in wet ground near Boulder (Ryd-
berg).

Minnesota to Washington ; Missouri to Arizona.

470. R. hispida (Desv.) Moench. [Nasturtium hispidum
Desv. ; Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton]. Hairy marsh ■"'
cress.

Along streams, ditches, and in swales, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 581).

New Brunswick to British Columbia; Florida to New ^
Mexico.

471. R. obtusa (Nutt.) Greene [Nasturtium obtusum Nutt.;
Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton]. Blunt-leaved marsh
cress.

Massif de 1' Arapahoe, loooo ft. (Rydberg).
Michigan to Washington ; Texas to Utah.

472. R.. curvipes (Greene) Greene [Roripa curvipes Greene].
Curved-podded marsh cress.

In Boulder Canon, 5500-6000 ft. (Daniels, 544).
Wyoming to Colorado.

130

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [2/8

1901/2. ARMORACIA Gaertn. Horse radish.

473. A. Armoracia (L.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Roripa Armo-
racia (L.) A. S. Hitchc. ; Nasturtium Armoracia (L.)
Fries.]. Common horse radish.

Escaped to waysides, Boulder (Daniels).
Europe, thence to America.

191. SISYMBRIUM L. Hedge mustard.

474. S. officinale (L.) Scop. Common hedge mustard.
Common in w^aste places about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 256).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

192. SOPHIA Adans. Tansy mustard.

475. S. leptophylla Rydb. Fine-leaved tansy mustard.
Along Boulder Caiion, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 284).
Wyoming and Idaho to Colorado.

476. S. incisa (Engelm.) Greene [Sisymbrium incisum
Engelm. ; Descurainia incisa (Engelm.) Britton]. Cut-
leaved tansy mustard.

Boulder Caiion at Falls ; also in Gregory Canon on rocky
banks, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 981).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

477. S. intermedia Rydb. Western tansy mustard.
Common throughout the lower elevations, 5100-9000 ft.

(Daniels, 121).

Michigan to British Columbia; Tennessee to Califor-
nia.

478. S. andrenamm Cockerell. Hoary tansy mustard.
Rather frequent in Boulder Caiion, 5500-7000 ft. (Daniels,

550)-

Montana to Washington and New Mexico.

193. ERYSIMUM L. Treacle mustard.

479. E. asperum (Nutt.) DC. Western wallflower.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Arkansas and Colorado.

279] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I3I

480. E. oblanceolatum Rydb. Oblanceolate-leaved wall-
flower.

Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

481. E. nivale (Greene) Rydb. [E. asperum nanum Cock-
erell]. Snow wallflower.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 885).

Wyoming to Colorado.

482. E. Cockerellianum Daniels. Nov. nomen. [E. asperum
alpestre Cockerell; E. alpestre (Cockerel!) Rydb.; not
Kotschy nor Jordan]. Cockerell's wallflower.

Abundant throughout, 5100-12000 ft. (Daniels, 57). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Since
E. alpestre has been twice used as a specific name (by Kot-
schy and by Jordan) a new name is necessary for the species.

Colorado to Utah ; Texas to Arizona.

194. RAPHANTJS L. Radish.

483. R. sativTis L. Garden radish.

Spontaneous along streets in waste places, 5400-5600 ft.
(Daniels, 772).
Asia, thence universal in cultivation.

195. CAMPE Dulac. Winter cress.

484. C. Americana (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. \Bar-
barea Americana, Rydb.]. American winter cress.

In rich soil, between Eldora and Baltimore, 8500-9000 ft.
(Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Montana ; Colorado to Nevada.

196. BRASSICA L. Mustard.

485. B. juncea (L.) Coss. Indian mustard.

Along Boulder Caiion Road about six miles beyond Boul-
der, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 283).
Asia, thence to both North and South America.

132 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [280

486. B. nigra (L.) Koch. Black mustard.

Frequent along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 747).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

487. B. campestris L. Ruta baga.

Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels,
790).

Europe, thence universal in cultivation.

197. ALYSSTJM L. Madwort.

488. A. alyssoides (L.) Gouan. [A. calycinum L.]. Yel-
low alyssum.

Boulder, roadside on University Hill, 5300-5600 ft. (Cock-
erell).

Europe, thence to North America.

198. KONIGA Adans.

489. K. maritima (L.) R. Br. [Alyssum maritimiim (L.)
Lam.]. Sweet alyssum.

Spontaneous on the campus of the University of Colorado,
Boulder, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 680).

Europe, thence universal in cultivation.

199. DRABA L. Whitlow-grass.

490. D. Coloradensis Rydb. Colorado whitlow-grass.
Plains and hillsides near Boulder, 5100-5500 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

491. D. nemorosa L. Wood whitlow-grass.

At Boulder, University Hill, on rise opposite base of Flagstaff
Hill, 5500-6000 ft. (Cockerell).

Michigan and Ontario to British Columbia; Colorado
to Oregon: Europe: Asia.

492. D. crassifolia Graham. Thick-leaved whitlow-grass.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 1 1000- 13500 ft. (Daniels,

928).

Greenland to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

28 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 133

493. D. Fladnizensis Wulf. White arctic whitlow-grass.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels,

1009).

Labrador to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah: Eu-
rope: Asia.

494. D. cana Rydb. Hoary whitlow-grass.
Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 11000-12000 ft. (Rydberg).
Labrador to Yukon and Colorado.

495. D. streptocarpa Gray. Twisted-podded whitlow-grass.
Common in barren, rocky places throughout the mountain-
ous region 6000-13000 ft. (Daniels, 313). Also Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell).

Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

496. D. luteola Greene. Yellowish whitlowwort.

In spray of Boulder Falls, a decumbent small-fiowered form,
7500 ft. (Daniels, 295). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado.

497. D. aureiformis Rydb. [D. Bakeri Greene]. Baker's
whitlow-grass.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1004).

South Dakota to Color.\do.

498. D. aurea Wahl. Golden whitlowwort.

Common in the subalpine and alpine district, 8600 (Eldora) -
13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 805). Also Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).

Greenland to British Columbia ; Colorado to Arizona.

499. D. decumbens Rydb. Decumbent whitlowwort.

At snow-line, Arapahoe Peak, 12000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
914).

Colorado.

200. CARDAMINE L. Bittercress.

500. C. cordifolia Gra\-. Heart-leaved bittercress.

Wet mossy tundras above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, iiooo-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 713). Also mountains between Sunshine

134 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [282

and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg). Common everywhere
above 9000 ft. (Ramaley).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

501. C. incana (Gray) A. Nels. [C. cardiophylla Rydb. ;
C. infausta Greene]. Hoary bittercress.

Along an alpine brook at edge of snow above Bloomerville,
9000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 323).
Colorado.

502. C. vallicola Greene. Valley bittercress.

Dripping rocks under an irrigation sluice, Boulder Cafion,
5500-5600 ft. (Daniels, 578).
Wyoming to Colorado.

201. ARABIS L. Rock-cress.

503. A. ovata (Pursh) Poir. Ovate-leaved rock-cress.
Common among rocks throughout the mountain region and

the rougher mesas, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 567). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

New Brunswick to Alberta ; Georgia to California.

504. A. philonipha A. Nelson. Snow-loving rock-cress.
Mountainsides at Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 954).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to Utah.

505. A. oxyphylla Greene. Sharp-leaved rock-cress.
Mesas and foothills; common, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 199).

University Hill near base of Flagstaff Hill (Cockerell).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

506. A. coimexa Greene. Related rock-cress.

Ward 9200 ft. (Daniels, 207). Also from Eldora to Bal-
timore (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

507. A. Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene [A. Hoelhoellii Fcnd-
leri S. Wats.]. Fendler's rock-cress.

High alpine slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 318).
Colorado to New Mexico.

283] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 35

508. A. divaricarpa. A. Nels. Divergently podded rock-
cress.

North slope of Green Mt., Gregory Canon, 6400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 528). Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

AssiNiBOiA to Colorado and Utah.

202. THELYPODIUM Endl.

509. T. paniculatum A. Nels. [T. sagittatum Endl.; T.
torulosum Heller]. Panicled thelypodium.

Near the summit of Flagstaff Hill, 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels,
223).

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

203. STANLEYA Nutt.

510. S. glauca Rydb. Glaucous Stanley's cress.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Valmont, 5200-5300
ft. (Daniels, 415).
North Dakota to Wyoming; Colorado to Utah.

Family 52. CAPP ARID ACE AE Lindl. Caper family.

204. POLANISIA Raf. Clammy-weed.

511. P. trachysperma T. & G. Large-flowered clammy
weed.

Along railroads and in creek-sands, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,

483).

AssiNiBOiA to Texas and Nevada.

205. PERITOMA DC. Cleome.

512. P. semilatum (Pursh) DC. [Cleome serrulata Pursh].
Pink cleome. Rocky Mountain bee plant.

Sands and waste places, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 286).
Saskatchewan to Idaho; Missouri to Arizona.

512a. P. serrulatum albiflorum Cockerell. White cleome.
Sunset Caiion, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 603).

136 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [284

Order 23. ROSALES.
Family 53. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine family.

206. CLEMENTSIA Rose.

513. C. rhodantha (Gray) Rose [Sedum rhodanthum Gray].
Red orpine.

Alpine and subalpine in bogs and along streams, 8600 (El-
dora) — 13000 (Arapahoe Peak) ft. (Daniels, 848). Also at
Caribou (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

2061/2. RHODIOLA L. Rose-root.

513^^. R. integrifolia Raf. Entire-leaved rose-root.

Common at high altitudes (Ramaley). Arapahoe Peak
(Rydberg).

Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to California.

207. SEDTJM L. Orpine. Stone-crop.

514. S. stenopetalum Pursh. Narrow-petalled orpine.
Abundant throughout the mountainous regions in rocky places,

5600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 104). Also in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Alberta to British Columbia; New Mexico to Califor-
nia.

514a. S. stenopetalum rubrolineatum Cockerell.

With the type, but in the higher altitude (Cockerell).
Rocky Mountains.

Family 54. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. Saxifrage family.

208. PECTIANTHIA Raf. Bishop's cap.

515. P. pentandra (Hook.) Rydb. [Mitella pentandra
Hook.]. Western bishop's cap.

Springy places and along streams. Caribou (Rydberg).
Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to California.

285] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I 3/

209. OZOMELIS Raf. Mitre-wort.

516. 0. stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. [Mitella stenopetala Piper].
Narrow-petalled mitre-wort.

Springy places, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Colorado to Utah.

210. HETJCHERA L. Alum-root.

517. H. bracteata (Torr.) Ser. Bracted alum -root.
Common in the crevices of rocks, 5800-10000 ft. (Daniels,

139). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward, and
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

518. H. Hallii Gray. Hall's alum-root.

Rocky places, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
881).

Color.\do.

519. H. parvifolia Nutt. Small-leaved alum-root.
Common on banks in the mesas, foothills, and mountains

throughout, 5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 98). Also at Ward and
Caribou (Rydberg).
Alberta to Oregon ; New Mexico to Arizona.

211. SAXIFRAGA L. Saxifrage.

520. S. debilis Engelm. Weak saxifrage.

Wet rocks. Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 9000-13000 ft. (Ryd-
berg).

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

212. MICRANTHES Haw.

521. M. rhomboidea (Greene) Small [Saxifraga rhomhoi-
dea Greene]. Rhomboid-leaved saxifrage.

Among rocks in the foothills and mountains, Flagstaff Hill,
6000 ft. (Daniels). Also Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 12000 ft.,
and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Long's Peak
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Saxifraga nivalis L., re-
ported by Ramaley & Robbins from Redrock lake, lOioo ft..

138 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [286

IS probably this plant (cf. Coulter-Nelson's New Manual of
Rocky Mountain Botany, p. 240).
Montana and Idaho to Colorado.

522. M. arguta (D. Don) Small [Saxifraga arguta D. Don;
S. denudata Nutt. ; S. punctata Hook., in part; not L.].
Smooth saxifrage.

In springy places and along streams; mountains between
Sunshine and Ward; Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg).
Streams near Bloomerville, and on Arapahoe Peak, 9000-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 308).

Montana to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

213. LEPTASEA Haw.

523. L. chrysantha (Gray) Small [Saxifraga chrysantha
Gray]. Golden saxifrage.

Toward summit of Arapahoe Peak, 13000-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 949, collected by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell).
Colorado and New Mexico.

524. L. Hirculus (L.) SmzW [Saxifraga Hirculus L.]. Arc-
tic saxifrage.

In wet places at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo
ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Greenland to Alaska; Colorado to British Columbia:
Europe: Asia.

525. L. austromontana (Wieg.) Small [Saxifraga bronchia-
les Torr. ; not L. ; S. austromontana Wieg.]. Western
mountain saxifrage.

On rocky ledges, Boulder Canon above the Falls ; at Sun-
set; and above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 7000-13000 ft.
(Daniels, 542). Also at Caribou; South Boulder Peak; moun-
tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Alberta to British Columbia ; New Mexico to Washing-
ton.

526. L. fiagellaris (Willd.) Small [Saxifraga flagellaris
Willd.]. Flagellate saxifrage.

Massif de 1' Arapahoe, 10000-13500 ft. (Rydberg).
Greenland to Alaska ; Colorado to Arizona.

287] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 39

Family 55. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass of Parnassus

family.

214. PARNASSIA L. Grass of Parnassus.

527. P. fimbriata Banks. Fimbriate grass of Parnassus.
Springs and springy places, Caribou (Rydberg).
Alberta to Alaska ; Colorado to California.

Family 56. HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort. Hydrangea family.

215. EDWINIA Heller. Jamesia.

528. E. Americana (T. & G.) Heller [Jamesia Americana
T. & G.]. American Jamesia.

Abundant in the foothills and mountains in rocky and
clivose places, 5700-10000 ft. (Daniels, 138). Also at Ward;
in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward ; and from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico.

Family 57. GROSSULARIACEAE Dumort. Gooseberry family.

216. KIBES L. Gooseberry. Currant.

529. R. Purpusi Koehne. Purpus's gooseberry.
Common in mountain caiions, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 290).

Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Wyoming to New Mexico.

530. R. vallicola Greene. Valley gooseberry.

Along streams and in gulches, 5000-9000 ft., St. Vrain creek
below Lyons; Pine Glade School (Ramaley).

Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

531. R. lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose [R. lacustre molle
Gray] . Western red currant.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming and Colorado to California.

532. R. parvnlum (Gray) Rydb. [R. lacustre parvulum
Gray]. Small black currant.

Moist places, 8000 to 11 500 ft.; Redrock lake, west of
Ward; Fourth of July mine (Ramaley).
Alberta and Yukon to Colorado and Utah.

140 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [288

533. R. pumilum Nntt. [R. cerenm Coulter, in part]. SuAhi.

WAX-CURRANT.

Abundant on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5500-10000
ft. (Daniels, 84). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).

Montana to New Mexico and Arizona.

534. R. longiflomm Nutt. [R. aurcurn T. & G. ; not Pursh].
Long-flowered golden currant.

Along stream in mesa at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700 ft.
(Daniels, 600).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Kansas to Arizona.

535. R. vulgare Lam. Rfjd currant.

Escaped into a thicket about a pond near Boulder, 5400 ft.
(Daniels, 265).

Labrador to Alaska ; New Jersey to Indiana and Minne-
sota : Europe : Asia. Frequently escaped from cultivation in
all temperate regions.

Family 58. ROSACEAE Juss. Rose family.

217. OPTTLASTER Medic. Nine-barks.

536. 0. intermedius Rydb. [0. Missouriensis Daniels]. In-
termediate nine-barks.

Canons in the foothills, 5700-6500 ft. (Daniels. 74). Lower
Boulder Caiion. 5600-7000 ft. (Rydberg).
Illinois to South Dakota ; Missouri to Colorado.

537. 0. Ramaleyi Aven Nelson [O. bracteatus Rydb.]. Ram-
aley's nine-barks.

Cafions in the foothills, 5600-6500 ft. (Daniels, 693).
Colorado.

538. 0. glabratus Rydb. Glabrous nine-barks.
Boulder, along streams, 5000-1 1000 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

539. 0. monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze [Pliysocarpus Torre yi
Max.]. Torrey's nine-barks.

Rocky canons in the foothills, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 450).
South Dakota to Wyoming; New Mexico to Nevada.

289] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I4I

218. BOSSEKIA Necker. Salmon-berry.

540. B. parviflora (Nutt.) Greene [Ruhns Nutkanus
Mog. ; Rubacer parviflorns (Nutt-) Rydb.]. Nutka
Sound salmon-berry.

Local in deep wooded canons in the foothills and mountains,
6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 533). Near Long's Peak (Porter &
Coulter).

Ontario to Alaska ; New Mexico to California and Mex-
ico.

219. OREOBATirS Rydb. Flowering raspberry.

541. 0. deliciosus (James) Rydb. [Rubus deliciosus James].
Savory flowering raspberry.

Abundant throughout the higher mesas, the foothills and the
mountains, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 29).
Colorado.

220. RTTBTTS L. Bramble.

542. R. Americanus (Pers.) Britton [R. triflorus Richard-
son]. Dwarf raspberry.

Deep caiions on north slope of Green Mt., 6400-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 345). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Newfoundland to Manitoba; New Jersey to Colorado.

221. BATIDAEA Dumort. Red raspberry.

543. B. laetissima Greene. Wild red raspberry.
Common in gulches in the mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft.

(Daniels, 212).
Labrador to Mackenzie ; New Jersey to Colorado.

222. TRIDOPHYLLUM Necker. Five-finger. Cin-
quefoil.

544. T. paradoxum (Nutt.) Greene [Potentilla paradoxa
Nutt.]. Bushy cinquefoil.

Wet places and along streams, ascending in Sunset Cafion
to about 7000 ft., 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 241).

Pennsylvania and Ontario to Washington ; Missouri to
New Mexico and Mexico: Eastern Asia.

142 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [290

545. T. leucocarpum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten-
tilla leucocarpa Rydb.]. White-seeded cinquefoil.

Wet places in the plains and ascending in the canons to a
considerable distance into the mountain region, 5100-7000
(Bear Canon) ft. (Daniels, 826).

Illinois to Washington ; New Mexico to California.

546. T. lateriflomm (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Poten-
tllla lateriflora Rydb.]. Lateral-flowered cinquefoil.

Foothills at Boulder, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 238).
AssiNiBOiA to British Columbia; Colorado to Arizona.

547. T. Monspeliense (L.) Greene [P. Norvegica hirsnta T.
& G. ; P. Monspeliensis L.]. Rough cinquefoil.

Common in meadows in the plains, mesas, and foothills, and
in aspen bogs in the mountains, 5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Dan-
iels, 117).

Labrador to Alaska; South Carolina to Arizona and
Mexico: Europe: Asia.

223. POTENTILLA L. Five-finger. Cinquefoil.

548. P. concinna Richardson [P. humifusa Nutt.]. Ground
cinquefoil.

Mountainsides at Eldora, and bald ridges at Glacier Lake,
8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 989). Also Long's Peak (Porter &
Coulter; and Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Redrock
lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Saskatchewan to Alberta; Colorado to Utah.

549. P. dissecta Pursh [P. diversifolia Lehm.]. Cut-
leaved cinquefoil.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Daniels,
933). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, lOioo ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Colorado to Cali-
fornia.

550. P. glaucopyhylla Lehm. [P. dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.)
S. Wats.]. Glaucous cut-leaved cinquefoil.

At Caribou, 9900 ft. (Rydberg).
Rocky Mountains.

291] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I43

551. P. pulcherrima Lehm. Fairest cinquefoil.

Aspen bogs and subalpine meadows at Eldora and Glacier
Lake, 8000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 630).

Saskatchewan to Alberta; New Mexico to Nevada.

552. P. Pennsylvanica strigosa Pursh. Villous Pennsyl-
vania CINQUEFOIL.

Common on the plains and in mountain meadows, 5100-8000
ft. (Daniels, 31).
Hudson Bay to Alberta ; Kansas to New Mexico : Siberia

552a. P. Pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. Arachnoid

Pennsylvania cinquefoil.
Near Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
Montana to Utah ; New Mexico to Arizona.

553. P. minutifolia Rydb. Minute-leaved cinquefoil.
High peaks, Eldora to Baltimore, 9000-13000 ft. (Rydberg).
Colorado.

554. P. Hippiana Lehm. Woolly cinquefoil.

Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 433).

Minnesota to Saskatchewan and Alberta; New Mex-
ico to Arizona.

555. P. propinqua Rydb. [P. Hippiana diffusa Lehm.]. Dif-
fuse cinquefoil.

Plains, mesas, and mountain meadows, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 206). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

556. P. effusa Dougl. Br.\nched cinquefoil.

Plains, mesas, and mountain ridges, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 287).

Assiniboia to Montana ; thence to New Mexico.

224. PRAGARIA L. Strawberry.

557. F. bracteata Heller. Bracted strawberry.
Common in canons in the foothills and mountains, 6300-

iiooo ft. (Daniels, 291).

Montana to British Columbia ; New Mexico to Califor-
nia.

144 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [292

558. F. Americana (Porter) Britton [F. vesca Americana
Porter ]. American strawberry.

At Boulder, 5400 ft. (Rydberg).

Newfoundland to Manitoba; Virginia to New Mexico
and Oregon.

558^^. F. prolifica Baker & Rydb. Prolific strawberry.
Boulder Canon, 8500 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Colorado.

559. F. glanca (S. Wats.) Rydb. Glaucous strawberry.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 850). Redrock

lake, 10 1 00 ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Mackenzie to Montana ; South Dakota to Colorado and

Nevada.

560. F. pauciflora Rydb. Small-flowered strawberry.
North Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Boulder Canon, 8500 ft.

(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Hudson Bay to Alberta; Colorado to Utah.

225. SIBBALDIA L.

561. S. procmnbens L. Procumbent sibbaldia.

Above timberline in dry tundras near the snow, 11500-13500
ft., Arapahoe Peak (Daniels, 912). Redrock lake, loioo ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).

Arctic-alpine around the world.

226. DASIPHORA Raf.

562. D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb. [Potentilla fruticosa L.].
Shrubby cinquefoil.

Subalpine bogs, mostly in aspen zone ; but also in bogs in
the plains and mesas, 5600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 541).

Labrador to Alaska; New Jersey to California: Europe:
Asia.

227. DEYMOCALLIS Fourr.

563. D. arguta (Pursh) Rydb. [Potciitilla argnta Pnrsh].
Tall cinquefoil.

On the plains and mesas, the flowers yellow as well as white,

293] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 45

5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 432). St. Vrain Canon (Porter &
Coulter).

New Brunswick to Mackenzie; District of Columbia
to Colorado.

564. D. fissa (Nutt.) Rydb. [Potentilla fissa'Nutt]. Large-
flowered glandular cinouefoil.

Common in the mesas, foothills, and mountains throughout,
5700-12000 ft. (Daniels, 30). St. Vrain Cailon 7000 ft.,
and Boulder Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Montana to Colorado.

228. GEITM L. Avens.

565. G. strictum Ait. Yellow avens.
In Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 637).
Newfoundland to British Columbia; Pennsylvania to

Arizona and Mexico : Europe : Asia.

566. G. Oregonense (Scheutz) Rydb. [G. nrbanum Oregon-
cnse Scheutz]. Oregon avens.

Mountain meadows and canons, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels,
634). Also at Arapahoe Pass and Eldora (Rydberg).

Mackenzie to British Columbia; New Mexico to Cali-
fornia.

567. G. scopulorum Greene. Rocky Mountain avens.

In canons and gulches about springs, 5700-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 68).

Rocky Mountains.

229. ERYTHROCOMA Greene. Purple mountain avens.

568. E. ciliata (Pursh) Greene [Geimi ciliatum Pursh ; Sie-
versia ciliata (Pursh) Don; G. trifloriim Pursh]. Three-
flowered mountain avens.

Subalpine and alpine meadows at Eldora, 8000-12000 ft.
(Daniels, 627). Also at Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg). Near
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).

Labrador to British Columbia ; New York to California
and Mexico.

146 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [294

230. ACOMASTYIIS Greene. Yellow mountain

AVENS.

569. A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene [Geum turhinatum (Rydb) ;
Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene]. Turbinate mouN'
tain avens.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 877).

Wyoming to New^ Mexico and Arizona.

570. A. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. Arapahoe yellow

MOUNTAIN AVENS.

Plant 20- 30 cm. high, the stems (about three in number)
puberulent, becoming softly hairy or villous above ; basal leaves
ascending, about i dm. long and 3 cm. wide, pinnate, the lower
pinnae narrowly falcate, entire, the others mainly ovate in
outline, deeply cut into 2- 7 cuneate lobes, but with occasional
little, simple pinnae interspersed with the larger ones; leaves
puberulent or glabrate, the margins softly ciliate with white
hairs ; rhachis about 3 mm. broad, the base of the petiole about
I cm, broad, becoming chaffy and sheathing the stems ; lower
half of stem leafless, the upper half bearing two leaves, 2j^- 3
cm. long, pinnately parted into about 10 narrow lobes, the
lowermost broad, stipule-like, and sheathing the stem; pe-
duncles softly hairy, 3-4 in number, subtended by leaves closely
resembling the two stem leaves, but smaller, the peduncles
themselves occasionally bearing i or 2 bracts, simple or 2-
5 pinnately incised ; flowers 2- 2}^ cm. wide, bright yellow,
the petals broadly obovate, five in number ; sepals and bract-
lets villous at base, 5 each, spreading, becoming erect in fruit
or the tips reflexed in age ; sepals broadly triangular, about
twice as high as the narrower bractlets ; stamens numerous ;
styles included in fruit, glabrate; achenes softly villous with
white hairs. Foliage, stems, sepals and bractlets purple-tinged.

The plant differs from A. turbinata (Rydb.) Greene, in its
larger size, its softly hairy upper portion, its 3- 4 flowered
stems, its broader sepals, which arc much longer than the
bractlets, and in its larger flowers. This is probably the

295] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 147

Geum Rossii humilis of Coulter's Manual, but genuine G.
Rossii humilis T. & G. comes no nearer than Unalaska, the
type locality. A. turhinata (Rydb.) Greene is a low plant, 7-15
cm. high, usually i- flowered.

At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11 500 ft. (Daniels, 906).

231. HOLODISCUS Max. Meadowsweet.

571. H. dumosus (Nutt.) Heller. [Spiraea diimosa Nutt.].
Bushy me.a.dowsweet.

Boulder County (McFarland).

Wyoming and Utah to Colorado and Arizona.

232. KITNZIA Spreng. Purshia.

572. K. tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. [Purshia tridentata
(Pursh) DC.]. Three-toothed purshia.

Rocky hillsides, 6500-8500 ft. ; head of Gregory Canon ;
north of Nederland (Ramaley). Boulder Cafion, 9000 ft.
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Montana to Washington; New Mexico to California.

233. CERCOCAKPUS H. B. K. Mountain mahog-
any.

573. C. parvifolius Nutt. Small-leaved mountain mahog-
any.

High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 172). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
South Dakota to Montana; New Mexico to Utah.

234. DRYAS L.

574. D. octopetala L. White mountain avens.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 939). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
Arctic-alpine around the world.

235. AGRIMONIA L. Agrimony.

575. A. Brittoniana occidentalis Bickn. Western agrimony.
Plains, and cafions among the foothills, 5100-7500 (Bear

Canon) ft. (Daniels, 259).

South Dakota to Wyoming ; New Mexico to Arizona,

148 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [296

236. ROSA L. Rose. Brier.

576. R. pratincola Greene. Prairie rose.

Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

58).
Minnesota to Alberta; Kansas to Colorado.

576a. R. pratincola angustiarum Cockerell, n. var. Castle
Rock rose.

Boulder Canon, 7340 ft. (near Castle Rock), Sept. 22, 1907,
growing close to R. Engelmanni Wats.

Low bush. Flowers corymbose, often four together.

Sepals foliolar-tipped, narrow tomentose, with scattered
large dark marginal stalked glands, these last present or absent
on same branch. No lateral lobes. Length of sepals prox. 17
mm. Sepals in fruit erect.

Fruit depressed globose, very shiny, with no sign of a neck.
r Long, (mm.) 11. 91/0. 11. 10. 10. Meas-

Five fruits -/ ured while fresh.

( Lat. (mm.) 13. 11. 12. 10 ^,. ioi/2-

Twigs and peduncles deep crimson. Penduncles minutely
hairy.

Branches with straw colored, fairly numerous, straight slen-
der prickles, the larger ones about 7 mm., long; infrastipular
prickles normally absent.

Stipules broad, to 8)4 mm., margins dentate, more or less
glandular.

Leaflets: a series of leaves counted showed leaflets: 11. 9. 9.
10. 9. 9. 7. 5. II. 9. II. 9. 9. II. 9. 9. II. II. 9. 3,

Leaflets; cuneate basally, simply and strongly toothed, very
finely but closely pubescent beneath. Terminal leaflet long.
26., lat. I2,y2 mm.

Frequently one or two leaflets from between auricles of sti-
pules, as in R. suffulta. Stipules convolute as in R. IVoodsii,
but leaves not shining. (Cockerell, MS., Oct. 1907.)

576b. R. pratincola setulosa Cockerell. N. var.
Fruit bristly. Bluebell Caiion (Cockerell), 1910.

297] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I 49

577. E,. Sayi Schweinitz. Say's rose.

Common throughout the mesas, foothills and lower moun-
tainsides, 5500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 47). Also Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Rob-
bins).

Quebec to Alberta; Michigan to Colorado and New
Mexico.

578. R. Engelmaimii S. Wats. Engelmann's rose.
High ridges of Green Mt., 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 535).

Also Boulder Cafion above Falls (Cockerell). Eldora; foot of
Long^s Peak (Ramaley).
Michigan to North Dakota ; Texas to Colorado.

579. R. melina Greene. Ashen rose.

Canons and gulches at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 102). R. Nutkana Presl., reported by Ramaley
from Marshall; Bluebell Cafion; Gregory Cafion; and Pine
Glade School, is probably R. Melina Greene.

Wyoming to Colorado.

580. R. Macounii Greene. Macoun's rose.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft.
(Daniels, 968). R. Woodsii Lindl., reported by Ramaley
from Sugarloaf Mt., Bluebird Mine. ; and Spencer Mt. at
Eldora, is probably R. Macoujiii Greene.

South Dakota to Alberta; Kansas to Colorado.

581. R. Fendleri Crepin. Fendler's rose.

Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 205). Also mountains be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Marshall; above Mag-
nolia (Ramaley).

South Dakota to Montana ; New Mexico to Arizona.

582. R. aciculata (Cockerell) Cockerell [R. hlanda aciciilata
Cockerell]. Prickly rose..

Gulches at the foot of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 462). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Colorado to New Mexico.

I go UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [298

583. R. Maximiliani Nees. Maximilian's rose.
Gregory Canon, 5800-6500 ft. (Daniels, 190).
Saskatchewan to Washington ; Colorado to Utah.

Family 59. MALACEAE Small. Apple family.

237. AMELANCHIER L. Shadbush.

584. A. polycarpa Greene. Many-fruited juneberry.
Mountainsides from Eldora to Arapahoe Peak, where it

occurs at timberline, 8600- 11 500 ft. (Daniels, 909).
Wyoming to Colorado.

585. A. elliptica A. Nels. Elliptical-leaved juneberry.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley).

South Dakota to Colorado.

586. A. alnifolia Nutt. Alder-leaved shadbush.
Sunshine Canon and Eldora (Ramaley).

North Dakota to Montana; Colorado to Utah.

587. A. oreophila A. Nels. Mountain shadbush.

Mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8100 ft. (Daniels, 501).
Wyoming to Colorado.

238. CRATAEGUS L. Hawthorn.

588. C. occidentalis Britton [C. Colorado Ashe]. Western

HAW.

Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 835).
Colorado.

589. C. Coloradensis A. Nels. Colorado haw.

Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 767). A form from the entrance to Gregory
Canon (Daniels, 838) has the petioles not distally widened.

North Dakota to Montana ; Nebraska to Colorado.

299] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I5I

590. C. erythropoda Ashe, 1900 [C. Cerronis A. Nels., 1902'] .
Cerro haw.

Banks of gulches in the mesas and lower foothills, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 794).
Colorado.

591. C. Doddsii Ramaley. Dodds's haw.

Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also various localities in
Boulder Co., 5000-8000 ft. (Ramaley).
Colorado.

592. C. Coloradoides Ramaley. False Colorado haw.

Pole Canon (the type locality) ; also gulches in the lower
foot-hills, 5500-7000 ft. (Ramaley).
Colorado.

239. SORBTTS L. Mountain ash.

593. S. scopulina Greene. Rocky Mountain mountain ash.
At entrance of Bear Canon and very sparingly throughout

the mountainous region, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 764).
Alberta to Washington; Colorado to Utah.

Family 60. AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Peach family.

240. PRITNTJS L. Plum. Cherry.

594. P. Americana Marsh. American wild plum.
Mesas and lower foothills, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 795).
New York to Montana ; Florida to Colorado.

595. P. prunella Daniels. Nov. sp. Pygmy plum.
Undershrub, thornless, trailing or ascending, 3-6 dm. high

with grayish bark, the new twigs reddish; fruits lateral, soli-
tary in the specimens secured, on slender pedicels i cm. long;
drupes oblong, I'A-i^ cm. long and i cm. wide when dried,
black-purple with but slight traces of bloom; pulp red-purple,
astringent but sweet and edible; stone oblong 12 mm. long
by 7 mm. wide, bean-shaped, flattish, rugose, the margins
slightly winged, the ends plainly so; leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm.
long including the petiole, and 12-15 mm. wide in the middle,
sharply but not deeply serrate, entire toward the acuminate

1^2 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3OO

base; upper surfaces glossy green, under surfaces paler, the
midrib white and shining both above and below. Flowers not
seen. ]\Iesa at entrance of Gregory Cafion and facing the
first Flat-iron, scarce; 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 654). A true
plum, having perhaps as its nearest ally P. Watsoni Sargent.
Specific name the diminutive of Prunus.

596. P. Besseyi Bailey. Bessey's sand cherry.
One-fourth mile above Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Beth-
el). Also White Rocks (Ramaley).

North Dakota to Kansas and Colorado.

597. P. Pennsylvanica L. f. Wild red cherry.

Common throughout, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 327). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward and from Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).

Newfoundland to North Dakota; Georgia to Colorado.

598. P. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Cerasus demissa
melanocarpa A. Nels.] Black-fruited western -wild
cherry.

Common along cafions throughout the mesas and foothills,
5600-8500 ft. (Daniels, 465).

North Dakota to Alberta and British Columbia; New
Mexico to California.

Family 61. FABACEAE Reichenb. Bean family.

241. SOPHORA L.

599. S. sericea Nutt. Silky sophora.

Alkaline flats about Owen's lake, 5200 ft. (Daniels, 664).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Texas to Arizona.

242. THERMOPSIS R. Br.

600. T. pinetorum Greene. Pineland thermopsis.
Marshall, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 273). Open woodlands and hill-
sides, Boulder (Rydberg).

Colorado to New Mexico.

30 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 53

601. T. divaricarpa A. Nels. Divaricate-podded thermof-
sis.

Abundant throughout the mesas, foothills, and mountains,
5600-1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 109), Also from Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Colorado.

602. T. arenosa A. Nels. Sand thermopsis.

In sandy soil, Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock
lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Saskatchewan and Montana to Colorado.

243. LUPINTJS L. Lupine.

603. L. Plattensis S. Wats. Platte lupine.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 48).
Nebraska and Wyoming to Colorado.

604. L. rubricaulis Greene. Red-stemmed lupine.
Mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 394).
Colorado.

604^. L, alpestris A. Nels. [L. alsophilus Greene]. Alpine

LUPINE.

Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Montana to Colorado and Utah.

605. L. parviflorns Nutt. Small-flowered lupine.
Among pines, Gregory Caiion and slopes of Green Moun-
tain, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 344).

South Dakota to Montana ; Colorado to Utah.

606. L. decumbens Torr. [L. argenteus decumhens (Torr.)
Gray; L. leptostachys Greene]. Decumbent lupine.

Common in the plains and foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 704).

Nebraska to Montana and Oregon ; Colorado to Califor-
nia.

154 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [302

606a. L. decumbens argentatus Rydb. Silvery decumbent

LUPINE.

Plains, foothills, and mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 131). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

244. TRIFOLIUM L. Clover.

607. T. pratense L. Red clover.

Throughout the cultivated area, 5100-8500 ft. (Daniels, 744).
Europe and Asia, thence cultivated and naturalized in all
temperate lands.

608. T. hybridnm L. Alsike clover.

Roadsides and fields about Boulder, 5100-5700 ft. (Dan-
iels, 244). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Europe, thence to all temperate lands.

609. T. repens L. White clover. Sheep clover.
Common throughout the cultivated area, whence it has pen-
etrated to distant canons in the foothills, 5100-7500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 500).

Europe : Siberia : Sub-arctic America ; now in the greater
part of North America.

6x0. T. lividum Rydb. Livid clover.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1019).

Wyoming to Colorado.

611. T. dasyphyllum Torr. Gray clover.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-13000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 874). Also Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains
south of Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado.

245. MEDICA Hill. Lucerne.

612. M. sativa (L.) Hill [Medicago sativa L.]. Alfalfa.
Throughout the cultivated area, and extending into the

mountains along the roads and railroads, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 509).

Europe, thence to all temperate lands.

303] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 55

246. MEDICAGO L. Medic.

613. M. lupulina L. Hop medic.

Streets of Boulder, and about the quarries at the base of
the Flat-irons, 5300-6000 ft. (Daniels, 658). Not in Ryd-
berg's Flora.

Europe and Asia, becoming cosmopolitan.

247. MELILOTUS Juss. Sweet clover, Melilot.

614. M. alba Desv. White sweet clover.

Throughout the cultivated area, and abundant along rail-
roads, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 591).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

615. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. Yellow melilot.

Streets and waste places, and about the quarries at the base
of the Flat-irons, 5100-6000 ft, (Daniels, 657).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

248. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. Ground plum.

616. G. succulentuin (Richardson) Rydb. [Astragalus succu-
lentus Richardson; A. prunifer Rydb.]. Succulent
ground plum.

Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels).
Saskatchewan to Montana; South Dakota to Colo-
rado.

249. ASTEAGALTJS L. Milk vetch.

617. A. Canadensis L. [A. Carolinianus L.]. Canada milk
vetch.

Frequent on the plains, mesas, and along cafions in the foot-
hills, 5100-7000 (Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 461).

Quebec to British Columbia; Florida to California.

618. A. oreophilus Rydb. Mountain milk vetch.

Plains, mesas, and foothills, local, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
124).
Colorado.

156 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [304

619. A. nitidus Dougl. Shining milk vetch.

Canons, north slope of Green Mt., 7000 ft. (Daniels, 278).
Saskatchewan to Alberta and Oregon; Minnesota to
Colorado.

620. A. sulphurescens Rydb. Sulphur milk vetch.
Gregory Canon, and canons on Green Mt,, 6000-7500 ft.

(Daniels, 613). Also Boulder Canon and near Boulder (Ryd-
berg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Colorado.

621. A. virgultatus Sheld. [A. hypoglottis bracteosus Osterh.].
Bushy milk vetch.

At Boulder, 5000-8000 ft. (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

622. A. goniatus Nutt. [A. hypoglottis polyspermus T. & G.].
Purple milk vetch.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and along streams in the
foothills, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 5).

Saskatchewan to Washington ; Colorado to California,

250. TITJM Medic.

623. T. Dniininondii (Dougl.) Rydb. [Astragalus Drum-
mondii Dougl.]. Drummond's milk vetch.

Mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels, 76). Valmont
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Saskatchewan to Alberta; Nebraska to Colorado.

624. T. alpinum (L.) Rydb. [Astragalus alpinus L.]. Al-
pine milk vetch.

Boulder Canon above Falls ; Eldora and along the Ara])-
ahoe Trail to timberline, 7000-1 1500 ft. (Daniels, 857).

Labrador to Alaska ; Vermont to Colorado : Northern
Europe and Asia.

251. ATELOPHRAGMA Rydb.

625. A. elegans (Hook.) Rydb. [Phaca degans Hook. ; Astrag-
alus orohoides Americanus Gray]. Pretty milk vetch.

About Eldora and along the Arapahoe Trail to timberline
and beyond, 8600-13000 ft. (Daniels, 1020).

Labrador and Quebec to Saskatchewan ; Idaho to Colo-
rado.

305] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 157

252. XYLOPHACOS Rydb.

626. X. Parryi (Gray) Rydb. [^^/ra^o/M^Porrvi Gray]. Par-
ry's MILK VETCH.

On rocks, Gregory Canon road and other bare ridges in the
foothills, 5900-9000 ft. (Daniels, 638).

Wyoming to Colorado.

62^. X. Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydb. [Astragalus ShorUanus
Nutt.]. Short's milk vetcpi.

Dry plains, mesas, and ridges in the foothills, 5100-9000 tt.
(Daniels, 35).

Nebraska to Wyoming; Colorado to Arizona.

253. HOMALOBUS Nutt.

628. H. tenellus (Pursh) Britton [Astragalus tenellus Pursh ;
A. multiflorus (Pursh) Gray]. Slender milk vetch.

Boulder Canon above Falls and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 539). Also at Ward, and mountains between Sun-
shine and Ward (Rydberg).

Saskatchewan to Yukon ; Minnesota and Nebraska to
Colorado and Nevada.

629. H. decumbens Nutt. [Astragalus decumbens Gray] . De-
cumbent MILK VETCH.

Valley lying west of South Boulder Peak and Bear Moun-
tain, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 444).
Wyoming to Colorado.

630. H. campestris Nutt. [Astragalus campestris Gray; A.
convallarius Greene]. Plains milk vetch.

Meadows on Green Mountain, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 316).
Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to Utah.

631. H. flexuosus (Dougl.) Rydb. [Phaca flexuosa (Dougl.)
Hook.; Astragalus flexuosus Dougl.]. Flexile milk

VETCH.

Near Boulder (Rydberg).

Saskatchev/an to Alberta; Minnesota to Kansas and
Colorado.

158 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [306

632. H. Salidae Rydb. Salida milk vetch.
Plains in Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 4).
Colorado.

254. OROPHACA Britton.

633. 0. tridactylica (Gray) Rydb. [Astragalus tridactylicus
Gray]. Three-fingered milk vetch.

St. Vrain's Canon (Rydberg; also Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
Colorado.

255. ARAGALLXJS Necker. Loco-weed.

634. A. deflexns (Pall.) Heller [Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.)
DC.]. Deflexed loco-weed.

Boulder Canon ; also in subalpine meadows about Eldora
and along the Arapahoe Trail, 6000-1 1000 ft. (Daniels, 808).
Saskatchewan and Alaska to New Mexico.

63 4 >^. A multiceps (Nutt) Heller {^Oxytropis mtdticeps
Nutt.] . Cespitose loco-weed.

Boulder Canon, 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Nebraska to Wyoming and Colorado.

635. A. minor (Gray) Cockerell. Nov. comb. \Oxytropis
multiceps minor Gray; A. multiceps mi?wr (Gray) A,
Nels.]. Little loco-weed.

Sugarloaf, 8500 ft. (Cockerell). Also mountains between
Sunshine and Ward, and at Caribou (Rydberg).
Colorado.

636. A. patens Rydb. Broad-leaved loco-weed.

Plains and foothills near Boulder ; below Sunshine and
Ward; Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Common throughout,
5500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 333). Boulder is the type locality.

Colorado.

307] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 159

637. A. Lamberti (Pursh) Greene [Oxytropis Lamherti
Pursh; Spiesia Lamherti (Pursh) Kuntze]. Lambert's

LOCO-WEED.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, foothills, and in subalpine
meadows, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 15). Also on the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward, and from Eldora to Baltimore
(Rydberg). Saint Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).

Minnesota to Montana; Missouri to Colorado.

638. A. sericeus (Nutt.) Greene [Oxytropis sericea Nutt. ;
Spiesia Lamherti sericea (Nutt.) Rydb.] Silky loco-

WEED.

With the preceding, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 43).

North Dakota to Wyoming; New Mexico to Arizona.

639. A. Richardsonii (Hook.) Greene [Oxytropis splendens
Richardsonii Hook.]. Richardson's loco-weed.

In mountain valleys from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Yukon ; and in the Rocky Mountains
to Colorado.

256. GLYCYRRHIZA L. Wild liquorice.

640. G. lepidota Nutt. Scaly wild liquorice.

Common along roads and railroads, and in the larger canons,
and on the plains throughout, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 160).

Ontario to Washington; New York to Arizona and
Mexico.

257. AMORPHA L. False indigo. Lead plant.

641. A. fruticosa L. Shrubby false indigo.

Along streams and in gulches in the mesas and plains, 5100-
6000 ft. (Daniels, 50). Not in Rydberg's Flora. Prof. Ram-
aley reports A. angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton from Boul-
der, but according to Prof. Cockerell the specimen in the Univ.
of Colorado Herbarium is A. fruticosa L.

Ohio to Manitoba ; Florida to Colorado and Chihuahua.

l6o UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [308

64-2. A. nana Nutt. [A. microphylla Pursh]. Small-leaved

FALSE INDIGO.

Dry plains between Boulder and Marshall, 5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 521).

Iowa to Manitoba ; Missouri to Colorado.

258. PSORALEA L. Indian breadroot. Pom me
blanche.

643. P. tenuiflora Pursh. Few-flowered Indian breadroot.
One of the commonest and most characteristic plants of

the plains and mesas, and in open meadows on the foothills,
5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 297). A white-flowered form is oc-
casional (Daniels, 297a).

Minnesota to Montana; Illinois to Arkansas, Texas
and Arizona.

644. P. argophylla Pursh. Silver-leaf Indian breadroot.
Local on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 189).
Wisconsin to Saskatchewan; Missouri to New Mexico

and Arizona.

259. PETALOSTEMON Lam. Prairie clover.

645. P. oligophyllus (Torr.) Rydb. [P. gracilis oligophyllus
Torr. ; Kuhnistera oligophylla (Torr.) Heller]. Slender
white prairie clover.

On the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 161).
Iowa to Assiniboia; Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

646. P. pnrpureus (Vent.) Rydb. [P. violaceus Michx. ; Kuh-
nistera purpurea (Vent.) MacM.]. Violet prairie clo-
ver.

Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels).
Indiana to Saskatchewan and Alberta ; Missouri to
Texas and New Mexico.

647. P. pubescens A. Nelson. Hairy violet prairie clover.
Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 349).
Colorado.

309] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I6I

260. VICIA L. Vetch.

648. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt. [V. linearis (Nutt.) Greene].
Narrow-leaved vetch.

Mesas and gulches about Boulder, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels,

334).

Manitoba and Alberta to Idaho ; Kansas to California.

649. V. dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Lathyrus dissitifolius
Nutt.], Remote-leaved vetch.

In gulches and canons in the plains, mesas, and foothills,
5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 107).
Nebraska to Colorado.

650. V. oregana Nutt. Mountain vetch.

Common throughout in canons and along the banks of
streams, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 78).

Minnesota to Saskatchewan and Washington ; Kansas
to California.

651. V. producta Rydb. Small-flowered mountain vetch.
Gulches on east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels,

100).
Colorado to Utah ; New Mexico to California.

261. LATHYRUS L. Vetchling.

652. L. leucanthus Rydb. White-flowered vetchling.
Common in gulches and cafions, 5700-7000 ft. (Daniels, 79).
Colorado to New Mexico.

262. APIOS Moench. Ground nut.

653. A. Apios Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var. Boulder
ground nut.

Differing from the typical eastern plant chiefly in the some-
what larger, thinner long-acuminate leaflets, which are nine
as well as seven in number, the somewhat smaller brownish
deep-violet flowers, which are densely granular under a lens.
No pods were secured, nor tubers from the rootstock, only
one vine being discovered, which it did not seem wise to up-
root for fear of exterminating the plant in the only locality
known for the ground nut in the Rocky Mountains.

ilM^

l62 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3IO

One vine in a gulch at the foot of Flagstaff Hill, Aug. i8,
1906, 5900-6000 ft. (Daniels, 799).

The species ranges from New Brunswick to Ontario;
Florida to Louisiana and Eastern Kansas.

Order 24. GERANIALES.

Family 62. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hil. Geranium family.

263. GERANIITM L. Cranesbill.

654. G-. Richardsonii Fish. & Traut. [G. gracilentum Greene].
Richardson's cranesbill.

Common in springy canons and damp meadows in the foot-
hills and mountains, 6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 447).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; New Mexico to
California.

655. G. Parryi (Engelm.) Heller [G. Fremontii Parryi
Engelm.]. Parry's cranesbill.

Meadows and gulches in the high mesas and foothills, 5700-
8000 ft. (Daniels, 64). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash Col-
lege Herb.).

Wyoming to Colorado.

656. G. Pattersonii Rydb. Patterson's cranesbill.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Colorado.

657. G. Fremontii Torr. in Gray. Fremont's cranesbill.
Abundant on the plains, mesas, and mountain meadows,

5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 62). Five miles north of Boulder
(Cockerell). St. Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).
Colorado.

658. G. longipes (Wats.) Goodding [G. Bicknellii Britton].
Bicknell's cranesbill.

Waste places, acting like an introduced weed, about Boulder,
and along Boulder Canon road almost to the Falls in the
vicinity of houses, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 558).

31 l] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 63

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; New York to Cali-
fornia.

264. ERODIUM L. Stork's-bill.

659. E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Hemlock stork's-bill.
Pin-clover.

Boulder (Rydberg), where it is very common (Cockerell).
Europe, thence to North America.

Family 63. LINACEAE Uumont. Flax family.

265. LINUML. Flax.

660. L. Lewisii Pursh [L. perenne Lewisii (Pursh) Eat. &
Wright] . Lewis's flax.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and open mountain slopes,
5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 132).

Mackenzie to Yukon ; Texas to California and Mexico.

661. L. pratense (Norton) Small. Meadow flax.
Abundant in a meadow north of Boulder (Henderson &

Cockerell).

Range of the preceding.

Family 64. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Wood sorrel family.

266. XANTHOXALIS Small. Yellow wood sorrel.

662. X. stricta (L.) Small [Oxalis stricta L.] Upright yel-
low WOOD sorrel.

Common throughout except at the higher elevations, espe-
cially along roads and railroads, and in yards about houses,
5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 572).

Nova Scotia to South Dakota; Florida to Texas and
Colorado : adventitious in Europe.

Order 25. EUPHORBIALES.
Family 65. EUPHORBIACEAE St. Hil. Spurge family.

267. CROTON L. Croton.

663. C. Texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. Texas croton.
Longmont and Boulder (Rydberg).

Illinois to Wyoming; Alafama to Arizona and Mexico.

164 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3 1 2

268. TRAGIA L. Nettle spurge.

664. T. ramosa Torr. Branching nettle spurge.
Dry soil and under rocks, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 86).
Missouri to Colorado; Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

269. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. Spurge.

665. C. petaloidea (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia petaloidea
Engelm.]. White-flowered spurge.

Along the road and railroad in Boulder Canon, and in creek-
sands along Boulder creek, 5400-7000 ft. (Daniels, 775). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).

Iowa to Wyoming ; Texas to Colorado.

666. C. Fendleri (T. & G.) Small [Euphorbia Fendleri T. &
G.]. Fendler's spurge.

Foot of Valmont Butte, near Owen's lake, '5300-5400 ft.
(Daniels, 666).
Nebraska to Wyoming ; Texas to Arizona.

667. C. glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia glyptosper-
ma Engelm.]. Ridge-seeded spurge.

Abundant in sandy places and along railroads, 5100-7000
(Sunset Canon) ft. (Daniels, 576).
Ontario to British Columbia ; Texas to Mexico.

668. C. rugulosa (Engelm.) Rydb. [Euphorbia serpyllifolia
rugulosa Engelm.]. Rugulose-seeded spurge.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming and New Mexico to California,

669. C. serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small [Euphorbia serpyllifolia
Pers.]. Thyme-leaved spurge.

Very common in waste places, along roadsides and rail-
roads, and on creek-sands, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 420). Also
at Lyons (Rydberg).

Michigan to Washington; Texas to California and
Mexico.

313] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 65

270. TITHYMALUS Adans.

670. T. mai^inatus (Pursh) Cockerell [Euphorbia margi-
nata Pursh; Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) Kl. &
Garcke] . Snow-ox-the-mountain.

Plains and mesas about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
188). My specimens have flowers with five glands.

Minnesota to Montana; Missouri to Texas and Colo-
rado.

670a. T. marginatus tetramerus Cockerell. Boulder snow-
on-the-mountain.
Very common about Boulder ; although in some plants the
central flower of each umbel has five petaloid appendages,
the others have but three or four. An occasional form — forma
inornata has the white margin of the leaves obsolete, or
nearly so, but my material is too scant to enable me to deter-
mine whether this is characteristic of the variety alone, though
a few of my specimens have the central flower with five
appendages, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 957).

671. T. rolDustus (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia monfana ro-
busta Engelm.]. Stout spurge.

High mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,
187). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
South Dakota to Montana; Colorado to Arizona.

672. T. philorus Cockerell [Euphorbia montana Engelm.; not
Raf.]. Mountain spurge.

Frequent on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5500-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 16). Boulder Canon (Porter & Coulter). A
form, — forma dichotoma (Daniels, 367) from the high ridges
of Green Mt. repeatedly forks into long leafy branches topped
by a cluster of two or three flowers, with a few others in the
axils of the upper leaves, the central cyme or umbel not being
present.

Colorado to Utah ; Texas to Arizona.

673. T. Arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Kl. & Garcke [Eu-
phorbia Arkansana Engelm. & Gray]. Arkl\nsas spurge.

l66 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3I4

Plains about Boulder, especially on the banks of irrigation
ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 391).

Missouri to South Dakota and Colorado; Alabama to
Arizona.

271. POINSETTIA Graham.

674. P. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia cuphos-
p e rma _ Boiss.]. Warty spurge.

Plains east of Boulder and along railroads, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 692). Tenth Street, Boulder (Cockerell).

South Dakota to Wyoming ; Texas to Arizona and Mex-
ico.

675. P. dentata (Michx.) Small [Euphorbia dentataM'ich-K.] .
Toothed spurge.

On the plains and mesas, frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

431)-

Pennsylvania to South Dakota ; Louisiana to Utah and
Mexico.

Family 66. CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Water starwort

family.

272. CALLITRICHE L. Water starwort.

676. C. palustris L. Marsh water starwort.

Aspen bog. Glacier Lake; also in streams and ponds about
Boulder, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 248). Eldora lake (W. W.
Robbins).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; Florida to Califor-
nia: Europe: Asia: South America.

677. C. bifida (L.) Morong [C. autumnalis L.]. Autumnal

WATER starwort.

South Boulder creek, Arapahoe Road, common ; in com-
pany with the preceding species, but more abuncant, 5200-5400
ft. (Daniels, 738). Not in Rydberg's Flora.

Quebec to Manitoba and Oregon ; Michigan to Colorado.

315] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 67

Order 26. SAPINDALES.
Family 67. SPONDIACEAE Kunth. Cashew family.

273. TOXICODENDRON Miller. Poison iv\.

678. T. Rydbergii (Small) Greene [Rhus Rydbergii Small].
Rydberg's poison ivy.

Common along streams, roadsides, gulches, and cafions for
some distance in the mountainous region, 5100-7000 (Bear
Canon) ft. (Daniels, 42).

Montana to British Columbia; Nebraska to Colorado.

274. RHTTS L. Sumach.

679. R. glabra cismontana (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[R. cismontana Greene]. Cismontane sumach.

Common on the mesas and foothills, 5400-8000 ft. (Daniels
221). Magnificently scarlet in the fall.

Dakota and Utah to New Mexico and Arizona.

275. SCHMALTZIA Desv. Fragrant sumac.

680. S. trilobata (Nutt.) Small [Rhus trilobata Nutt.].
Three-lobed fragrant sumac.

On the dry banks of streams, and on dry hills and ridges,
5400-8000 ft. (Daniels, 599).

AssiNiBOiA to Washington; Missouri to Texas, Califor-
nia, and Mexico.

Family 68. ACERACEAE J. St. Hil. Maple family

276. ACER L. Maple.

681. A. glabrum Torr. Smooth maple.

In gulches and canons and along streams, 5400-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 96). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward,
and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Nebraska to Wyoming; New Mexico to Utah.

68ia. A. glabrum tripartitiun (Nutt.) Pax [A. tripartitum
Nutt.]. Three-leaved maple.
Along Boulder Caiion road, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 285).
Range of the type.

1 68 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3 1 6

277. RTJLAC Adans. Box elder.

682. R. Negundo (L.) Hitchc. [Acer Negundo L. ; Negundo
Negundo (L.) Karst. ; Negundo aceroides Moench].
Common box elder.

Common along streams, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 390). Also
St. Vrain creek below Lyons (Ramaley).
Vermont to Idaho; Florida to Texas.

683. R. Texanum (Pax) Small [Acer Texanum Pax; Acer
Negundo Texanum Pax] . Texan box elder.

Bear and Bluebell Canons (Ramaley). Foothills near Boul-
der (Rydberg).

Saskatchewan to Montana; Missouri to Arizona.

Order 27. RHAMNALES.
Family 69. FRANGULACEAE D C. Buckthorn family.

278. CEANOTHUS L. New Jersey tea.

684. C. velutinus Dougl. Varnished New Jersey tea.
Common on the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 272-). Also

mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) ; Eldora
and near foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

685. C. mollissimus Torr. [C ovatus pubescens T. & G. ; C.
pubcscens (T. & G.) Rydb.] Hairy New Jersey tea.

Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 65). Eldora (Ramaley).

Michigan to South Dakota; Missouri to Colorado.

686. C. subsericeus Rydb. Silkish New Jersey tea.
Slopes of Green Mt., 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 756). Plains

north of Marshall, and Boulder Caiion (Ramaley). Appears
like a hybrid between the preceding and the next.
Colorado.

687. C. Fendleri Gray. Fendler's New Jersey tea.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5600-9000

ft. (Daniels, 91). Also in the mountains between Sunshine

31/] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I 69

and Ward (Rydberg). South Boulder Canon, and hill north
of Nederland (Ramaley).

South Dakota to Wyoming; New Mexico to Arizona.

Family 70. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape family.

279. VITIS L. Grape.

688. V. vulpina L. [V. riparia Michx.]. River-bank grape.
Common along the banks of streams in the plains, mesas,

and lower foothills, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, no). Certain
forms with strongly lobed leaves simulate V. palmata Vahl.,
and may be a distinct species.

New Brunswick to North Dakota ; West Virginia to
Texas and Colorado.

689. V. Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. sp. Boulder grape.
Plant weakly climbing, tendrils few, but these stout and

little curled, bark reddish brown, the 3^oung twigs densely
floccose pubescent, leaves small, at most 6 cm. long and wide,
exclusive of the petiole, ovate to orbicular, the sinus often
deep or sometimes shallow, broad and nearly obsolete ; leaves
mostly truncate at the top, the apices of the two shallow lat-
eral lobes but little shorter than the main apex, the leaves,
however, occasionally sharply acuminate, the margins coarsely
dentate, slightly lobed, on slender petioles, which are loosely
floccose as well as the veins both above and beneath, but be-
coming glabrate in age; clusters small, mostly in simple ra-
cemes, or with one or two prominent branches, fruit not set on
the only vine discovered, and all flowers examined staminate.

Nearest Vitis Arizonica Engelm.

Gulch at base of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Daniels,
119).

280. PESEDERA Neck. Virginia creeper.

690. P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene [Ampelopsis quinque folia
vitacea (Hitchc.) Knerr; Parthenocissus vitacea
(Hitchc.)]. Vinelike Virginia creeper.

Common about streams and along fences, in the latter case
perhaps the plant is P. quinque folia (L.) Planch, intro-

170 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3 1 8

duced; my material which came from cafions in the foothills
is, however, all of P. vitacea (Hitchc.) Greene, 5100-6500 ft.
Daniels, 584).
Michigan to Wyoming; Ohio to Arizona.

Order 28. MALVALES.
Family 71. MALVACEAE Neck. Mallow family.

281. MALVA L. Mallow.

691. M. rotimdifolia L. Round-leaved mallow. Common

CHEESES.

Common in waste places, and following the roads and rail-
roads, into the foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 587).
Europe, thence to North America.

282. SIDALCEA Gray. Western mallow.

692. S. Candida Gray. White western mallow.

Along irrigation ditches and streams and in moist mountain
meadows, both at Boulder (rare) and at Eldora. 5400-1 1000
ft. (Daniels, 162).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Utah.

283. ALTHAEA L. Hollyhock.

693. A. rosea Cav. Common hollyhock.

Escaped to roadsides and along streams at Boulder. 5300-
5600 ft. (Daniels, 746).

Turkey, Greece, and Crete, thence widely cultivated,

284. MALVASTRITM Gray. False mallow.

694. M. dissectum (Nutt.) Cockerell. Scarlet false mal-
low.

Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
204).

Saskatchewan to Oregon ; Iowa to Texas and Utah.

319] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I7I

Order 29. HYPERICALES.
Family 72. HYPERICACEAE Lindl. St. Johnswort family.

285. HYPEHICUM L. St. Johnswort.

6945^. H. formosum H. B. K. Handsome St. Johnswort.
Common in mountain swamps (Ramaley).
Colorado and Utah to Mexico and Southern California.

695. H. majus (Gray ) Britton [H. Canadense majus Gray].
Larger Canadian St. Johnswort.

Along streams in the plains, a dwarf form only a decimetre
high, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 787). Also foothills near Boul-
der (Rydberg).

Maine to British Columbia; New Jersey to Colorado.

Family 73. VIOLACEAE D C. Violet family.

286. VIOLA L. Violet.

696. V. palustris L. Marsh violet.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Labrador to Alaska ; New York to Colorado.

697. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Pale violet.

Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley &
Robbins).

Newfoundland to British Columbia; North Carolina
to Utah.

698. V. cognata Greene. Western blue violet.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg),

South Dakota to Alberta; New Mexico to California.

699. V. Nuttallii Pursh. Nuttall's violet.

Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg). Abundant
at Boulder (Cockerell).

Manitoba to Montana; Missouri to New Mexico and
Arizona.

172 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [320

700. V. vallicola A. Nels. [V. physalodes Greene]. Valley

VIOLET.

Spruce forest, Bear Caiion, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 760). The
plant in fruit only.

North Dakota to Montana; Colorado to Utah.

701. V. biflora L. Two-flowered violet.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado : Europe : Asia.

702. V. Canadensis Rydbergii (Greene) House {V. Rydbergii
Greene]. Rydberg's violet.

Common in moist canons and along streams, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 126). Long's Peak (Coulter in Wabash College
Herb.).

Alberta to Idaho; South Dakota to Colorado.

702a. V. Canadensis Neo-Mexicana (Greene) House [V. Neo-
Mexicana Greene]. New Mexico violet.

Common in moist soil at Glacier Lake, Eldora, and Arapahoe
Peak above timberline, 8000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 864). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Colorado to New Mexico.

703. V. bellidifolia Greene. Daisy-leaved violet.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins).
Wyoming to Colorado.

287. CALCEOLAEIA Loefl. Nodding violet.

704. C. linearis (Torr.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [lonidium
'^ linear e Torr.]. Narrow-leaved nodding violet.

Banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 108).
Kansas to Colorado; Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

32 I ] FLORA OF BOULDER^ COLORADO 1 73

Order 30. OPUNTIALES.
Family 74. LOASACEAE Reichenb. Loasa family.

288. NUTTALLIA Raf. Western star.

705. N. multiflora (Nutt.) Greene [Mentzelia multiflora
(Nutt.) Gray; Touterea multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb.]
Many-flowered western star.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, yy).
Texas to Colorado, Arizona and Mexico.

706. N. speciosa (Osterh.) Greene [Mentselia speciosa
Osterh. ; Touterea speciosa Osterh.]. Showy western
star.

Near Boulder; also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Wyoming to Colorado.

707. N. sinuata (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Touterea sinii-
ata Rydb.]. Wavy-leaved western star.

At Boulder the type-locality (Rydberg).
Colorado.

708. N. nuda (Pursh) Greene [Mentselia nuda (Pursh) T. &
G. ; Touterea nuda (Pursh) Eat. & Wr.]. Naked wes-
tern star.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Nebraska to Wyoming and Colorado.

709. N. stricta (Osterh.) Greene [Hesperaster strictus
Osterh.]. Strict western star.

Along the Union Pacific Railroad, the flowers as large as
in the next, but the outer filaments dilated, 5200-5400 ft.
(Daniels, 678). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).

Nebraska to Wyoming; Texas to Colorado.

710. N. decapetala (Pursh) Greene [Bartonia decapetala
Pursh; Mentselia decapetala (Pursh) Urb. & Gilg. ; M.

174 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [322

ornata Pursh; Touterea decapetala (Pursh) Rydb.]. Ten-

PETALLED WESTERN STAR.

Near Boulder (Rydberg).

Alberta to Montana; Texas to Nevada.

289. ACROIASIA Presl. Mentzelia.

711. A. latifolia Rydb. Broad-leaved mentzelia.

At Boulder the type locality (Daniels). Between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

712. A. albicaulis (Dougl.) Rydb. [Mentzelia albicaulis
Dougl.]. White-stemmed mentzelia.

Common in dry, especially sandy soil, 5100-6500 ft. (Daniels,
92).

Nebraska to British Columbia ; New Mexico and Utah.

712a. A. albicaulis integrifolia (Wats.) Daniels. Nov. comb.

[Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia Wats.; A. integrifolia

(Wats.) Rydb.; M. dispcrsa Wats.]. Entire-leaved

mentzelia.

With the preceding, into which it apparently passes, 5100-

6500 ft. (Daniels, 88).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

Family 75. CACTACEAE H. B. K. Cactus family.

290. CACTUS L. Ball cactus.

713. C. viviparus Nutt. [Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw.].
Viviparous ball cactus.

Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
Nebraska and Montana to Colorado.

291. ECHINOCERETJS Engelm. Prickly cereus.

714. E. viridiflorus Engelm. [Cereus viridiflorus Engelm.].
Green-flowered prickly cereus.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft,
(Daniels, 818). Not seen in flower.
Kansas to Wyoming; Texas to New Mexico.

323] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 75

292. OPTTNTIA Mill. Prickly pear.

715. 0. mesacantha Raf. [0. humifusus Raf. ; O. Rafinesquii
Engelm.]. Western prickly pear.

Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, the commonest
cactus about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 93).

Wisconsin and Minnesota to Colorado; Kentucky and
Texas to Arizona.

716. 0. polyacantha Haw. Many-spined prickly pear.

On the mesas and foothills, apparently ascending higher than
the preceding species, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 690).

North Dakota to British Columbia; Oklahoma to New
Mexico and Oregon.

717. 0. rhodantha K. Sch. Red-flowered prickly pear.
On the foothills near the juncture of Sunset and Boulder

Canons, 6500 ft. (Daniels).
Nebraska to Colorado.

718. 0. Greenei Englm.^ in Coult. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3.
431, [^0. mesacantha Greenii (Engelm.). Coult.]. Greene's

PRICKLY pear.

Vicinity of Boulder (Andrews).
Colorado.

719. 0. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Brittle prickly pear.
Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500

ft. (Daniels, 817). Not seen in flower.

Wisconsin to British Columbia; Kansas to New Mex-
ico and Utah.

Order 31. THYMELIALES.
Family 76. ELAEAGNACEAE Lindl. Silverberry family.

293. lEPARGYUAEA Raf. Buffalo berry.

720. L. Canadensis (L.) Greene [Shepherdia Canadensis (L.)
Nutt.]. Canadian buffalo berry.

Valleys in the foothills west of Bear Mountain and South
Boulder Peaks, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 445). Also from Eldora to

^

176 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [324

Baltimore (Rydberg). Near Magnolia; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Spen-
cer Mt. (Ramaley).

Newfoundland to Alaska; New York and Michigan to
Colorado and Oregon.

Order 32. MYRTALES.
Family 77. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. Loosestrife family.

2931/2. AMMANNIA L.

7205^. A. coccinea Rottb. Scarlet ammannia.

Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).

Michigan to South Dakota; Florida to Mexico: South
America.

294. LYTHRUM L. Loosestrife.

721. L. alatum Pursh. Winged loosestrife.

Common in swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels,

413)-

Massachusetts to South Dakota; Kentucky to Colo-
rado.

Family 78. EPILOBIACEAE D C. Willowherb family.

295. CHAMAENERION Adans. Fireweed.

722. C. angustifolium (L.) Scop. [Epilobium angustifolium
L.]. Great willow-herb. Narrow-leaved fireweed.

Common throughout, especially in burns and in aspen thick-
ets, 5700-10000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 211). Also at
Caribou, and in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). A form from the foothills has white flowers
(Daniels, 196).

Greenland to Alaska; North Carolina to California:
Europe: Asia,

722a. C. angustifolium platyphyllum Daniels. Nov. var.

Leaves remarkably large and broad, some being 17 cm. long

and 4 cm. broad, and merely acutish at apex ; lateral nerves

325] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I 77

evident, confluent in loops ; flowers few, 2-3 cm. wide, dark
purple, subtended by large leaves ; style pubescent at base.
Canons on Green Mt., 6500-7000 ft. (Daniels, 268).

296. EPELOBIUM L. Willow-herb.

723. E. occidentale (Trelease) Rydb. [E. adenocaulon occi-
dentale Trelease] . Western willow-herb.

In wet ground at Caribou and Boulder (Rydberg).
Montana to Alberta ; South Dakota to Colorado.

724. E. adenocaulon Haussk. Northern willow-herb.
Common in swales and along streams in the plains, and in

mountain caiions and aspen bogs, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 243).
New Brunswick to Washington; Pennsylvania to Cal-
ifornia.

725. E. rubescens Rydb. Reddish willow-herb.

In aspen bogs at Glacier Lake and Eldora, 8600-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 707).
Colorado.

7255^. E. alpinum L. Alpine willow-herb.

ReSrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Greenland and Alaska to New Hampshire, Colorado,
and California.

726. E. anagallidifolium Lam. Pimpernel willow-herb.

Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, and above ,

timberline on Arapahoe Peak in wet tundras, 10000-12000 ft. '/

(Daniels, 325). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).

Labrador and Arctic America to Alaska ; Colorado to
Nevada : Europe : Asia.

y2y. E. paniculatum Nutt. Panicled willow-herb.

Common, especially on creek-sands and along roads and
railroads, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 440).

Lake Huron to Alberta and British Columbia ; Colorado
and Arizona to California.

178 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [326

728. E. adenocladon (Haussk.) Rydb. [E. paniculatum aden-
ocladon Haussk.]. Glandular panicled willow-herb.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Wyoming ; Colorado to Utah.

297. GAYOPHYTTJM Juss. Gayophyte.

729. G. intermedium Rydb. Intermediate gayophyte.
Very common throughout except in the high alpine region,

5100-8600 (Eldora) ft. (Daniels, 159). Also at Caribou,
Ward, and between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

298. OENOTHERA L. Evening primrose.

730. 0. strigosa (Rydb.) Blankinship {Onagra strigosa'R.ydh.;
Oenothera biennis strigosa Rydb.]. Hairy evening prim-
rose.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,

137).

Minnesota to Washington ; Missouri to New Mexico
and Utah.

731. 0. Hookeri T. & G. [O. biennis hirsutissima Gray; Ona-
gra Hookeri (T. & G.) Small]. Hooker's evening prim-
rose.

Rare on the mesas and foothills, the flowers turning pink
in withering, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 562).

Idaho to California; New Mexico to Mexico.

299. ANOGRA Spach. White evening primrose.

y2)^. A. albicaulis (Pursh) Britton [Oenothera albicaulis
Pursh; O. pinnatifida Nutt.]. White-stemmed white
evening primrose.
Common on the plains and mesas, and along the shore-sands
of Boulder creek, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 141).

North Dakota to Montana; Texas to New Mexico and
Sonora.

327] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 79

733. A rhizomata A. Nels. Rhizomatous white evening

PRIMROSE.

Local on the plains, but abundant where found, since it
spreads fast with its slender rootstocks, 56005400 ft. (Daniels,

393)-

Wyoming to Colorado.

734. A. Nuttallii (Sweet) A. Nels. [Oenothera Niittallii
Lindl.]. Nuttall's white evening primrose.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Minnesota to Idaho and Colorado.

735. A. coronopifolia (T. & G.) Britton [Oenothera coronopi-
folia T. & G.]. Cut-leaved white evening primrose.

At Boulder (Rydberg). Very common from Boulder and
Marshall up to about 8000 ft. in dry soil (Ramaley).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Kansas to New Mexico.

300. PACHYLOPHIIS Spach. Scapose evening prim-
rose.

736. P. montanus (Nutt.) A. Nels. [Oenothera montana
Nutt.]. Mountain scapose evening primrose.

In eroded soil on Green Mountain and along Boulder Canon
road, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 536).

AssiNiBOiA to Idaho; Colorado to Nevada.

y2)7- I*- macroglottis Rydb. Large-throated scapose even-
ing primrose.
At Boulder (Rydberg).
Colorado.

738. P. Mrsutus Rydb. Hairy scapose evening primrose.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Utah.

301. LAVAXJXIA Spach. Delavaux' evening prim-

rose.

739. L. brachycarpa (Gray) Britton [Oenothera brachycarpa
Gray]. Short-podded Delavaux' evening primrose.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Kansas to Montana ; Texas to New Mexico.

l80 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [328

302. MERIOLIX Raf.

740. M. serrulata (Nutt.) Walp. [Oenothera serrulata Nutt.].
Tooth-leaved evening primrose.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,

38).

Manitoba to Saskatchewan ; Texas to xA.rizona.

303. GAURA L. Gaura.*

741. G. parviflora Dougl. Small-flow^ered gaura.
Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-7000

ft. (Daniels, 263).

South Dakota to Washington ; Louisiana to Arizona
and Sonora.

742. G. coccinea Piirsh. Scarlet gaura.

Abundant on the plains and mesas, and in meadows on
lower hillslopes, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 12).

Manitoba to Montana ; Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

743. G. glabra Lehm. Smooth gaura.
At Boulder (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Montana ; Colorado to Arizona.

304. CIRCAEA L. Enchanter's nightshade.

744. C. alpina L. Alpine enchanter's nightshade.
Locally abundant along streams in shady canons, 5700-8000

ft. (Daniels, 279).
Labrador to Alaska ; Georgia to Colorado : Europe : Asia.

*"Gaura and allied evening flowering plants have a special bee-visi-
or, Halicttts galpttisiae Cockerell, which has been taken by my wife at
Boulder. It flies in the evening, at 7:30 p. m., when the other bees
have retired." — Prot. T. D. A. Cockerell, in a letter to the author, Jan.
23, 1908.

329] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I8I

Family 79. GUNNER ACE AE End 1. Gunnera family.

305. MYRIOPHYLLTJM L. Water milfoil.

745. M. spicatum L. Spiked water milfoil.

Common in Boulder and Owen's lakes, 5200 ft. (Daniels,
661).

Newfoundland to Saskatchewan and Idaho; Florida to
California: Europe: Asia.

Order 33. UMBELLALES.

Family 80. HEDERACEAE L. Ivy family.

306. ARALIA L. Wild sarsaparilla.

746. A. nudicaulis L. Common wild sarsaparilla.

Very common in shady canons, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 341).
South Boulder Caiion (Ramaley).

Newfoundland to Manitoba and Idaho ; North Carolina
to Missouri and Colorado.

Family 81. CORNACEAE Link. Dogwood family.

307. SVILA Opiz. Dogwood.

747. S. stolonifera (Michx.) Rydb. Red-oiser dog-
wood.

Common along streams throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 289). Sugarloaf Mt. ; South Boulder Cafion (Ramaley).

Manitoba to Mackenzie and Alaska ; Nebraska to Colo-
rado and Arizona.

Family 82. AMMIACEAE Presl. Parsley family.

308. SANICULA L. Sanicle. v^

748. S. Marilandica L. Maryland sanicle. Black snake-
root.

Common in springy gulches and canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels. 71).

Newfoundland to Washington ; Georgia to Colorado.

1 82 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [33O

309. OSMORRHIZA Raf. Sweet cicely.

749. 0. longistylis (Torr.) DC. [Washingtonia longistylis
(Terr.) Britten]. Smooth sweet cicely.

Gulches in the mesas at the base of the foothills, rare, 5700-
6300 ft. (Daniels, 118).

Nova Scotia to Assiniboia ; Georgia to Colorado.

750. 0. obtusa (C. & R.) Fernald [Washingtonia obtusa C.
& R.] . Obtuse-fruited sweet cicely.

Common in canons in the mesas, foothills and mountains,
5700-1 1000 (Arapahoe Trail) ft. (Daniels, 128).
Alberta to New Mexico and California.

310. CARUM L. Caraway.

751. C. Carvi L. Common caraway.

Escaped in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).

Europe and the Mediterranean region to Thibet and Si-
beria, thence to North America.

311. CICTJTA L, Water hemlock. Cowbane.

752. C. occidentalis Greene. Western cowbane. Western

MUSQUASH ROOT.

Swales in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Daniels, 412).
North Dakota to Idaho; New Mexico to California.

312. HARBOURIA C. & R. Harbour's hemlock.

753. H. trachypleura (Gray) C. & R. [Cicuta trachypleura
(Gray) S. Wats.]. Rough-ribbed Harbour's hemlock.

At Boulder, and in the mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg). In Boulder Carion (Porter & Coulter). St.
Vrain Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.). Common
in the foothills. (Daniels, 157, in part.)

Wyoming to New Mexico.

313. ALETES C. & R. Mountain caraway.

754. A. obovata Rydb. Obovate-leaved mountain caraway.
Very common on naked mountain slopes, 6000-8100 (sum-
mit of Green Mt.) ft. (Daniels, 145).

Colorado.

33 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I83

755. A. acaulis (Torr.) C. & R. [Deweya acaulis (Terr.) ;
Carum Hallii S. Wats.]. Stemless mountain caraway.

High mesa at entrance to South Boulder Canon, 5900-6000
ft. (Daniels, 422). Also in gulch south of Boulder (perhaps
the same locality as the above), and in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Colorado to New Mexico.

314. BERTJLA Hoffm.

756. B. erecta (Huds.) Coville [B. angustifoHa (L.) Mert.
& Koch]. Cut-leaved water parsnip.

In a springy puddle in the eastern part of Boulder, 5300-
5400 ft. (Daniels, 410).

Ontario to British Columbia; Massachusetts to Texas
and California: Europe: Asia.

315. LIGUSTICUM L. Lovage.

757. L. Porteri C. & R. Porter's lovage.

Common in shady canons and gulches, 5700-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 83). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). A plant was gathered in a canon on the north
slope of Green Mt., with somewhat differently shaped leaf-
segments; it may possibly be L. affine A. Nels.

Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

316. MUSINEON Raf.

758. M. divaricatum (Pursh) C. & R. [Seseli divaricatum
Pursh; Adorium divaricatum (Pursh) Rydb.]. Leafy
musineon.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Assiniboia to Alberta ; South Dakota to Colorado.

317. OXYPOLIS Raf. Water dropwort.

759. 0. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [Archemora Fendleri Gray].
Fendler's water dropwort.

In bogs at Eldora and at Bloomerville, 8600-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 310). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

184 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [332

318. CONIOSELINTJM Hoffm. Hemlock parsley.

760. C. scopulorum (Gray) C. & R. [Ligusticum scopulorum
Gray]. Rocky Mountain helmlock parsley.

In aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 721). Red-
rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

319. HERACLETJM L. Cow parsnip.

761. H. lanatum Michx. Woolly cow parsnip.

Common in gulches and canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 75).
Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Labrador and Newfoundland to Alaska; North Caro-
lina to California.

320. ANGELICA L. Angelica.

762. A. Grayi C. & R. Gray's angelica.

In wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 11500-
13000 ft, (Daniels, 891).
Wyoming to Colorado.

763. A. ampla A. Nels. Large angelica.
Bear Caiion, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 763).
Wyoming to Colorado.

321. PASTINACA L. Parsnip.

764. P. sativa L. Common parsnip.

Very common in waste places about Boulder, and along
Boulder Canon road well towards Falls, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 560).

Europe, thence to North America.

322. COGSWELLIA Sprengel. Parsley.

765. C. orientalis (C. & R.) Jones \J^oniati2im orientalc C. &
R. ; Peucedanum midicaule Nutt. in part].

Common in the foothills, 400O-8000 ft. (Daniels, 157 in
part).

South Dakota, Montana and Idaho to Kansas, New
Mexico and Arizona.

333] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 85

323. PSEUD OCYMOPTERTJS C. & R. False cymop-

TERUS.

766. P. sylvaticus A. Nels. Sylvan false cymopterus.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

767. P. multifidus Rydb. [P. montanus multifidus Rydb.].

Multifid-leaved false cymopterus.
Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, ii 500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
899).

Colorado.

Series 2. SYMPETALAE.
Order 34. ERICALES.

F amily 83 . MONOTROP ACEAE Li n d 1 . Indian pipe family .

324. PTEROSPORA Nutt. Pine drops.

768. P. Andromedea Nutt. Giant bird's-nest.

Rare under pines on the north slopes of Green Mt., 6000-
8100 ft. (Daniels, 530). Also on North and South Boulder
Peaks (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska; Georgia to California.

Family 84. PYROLACEAE Agardh. Wintergreen family.

325. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Pipsissewa.

769. C. umbellata (L.) Nutt. Umbellate pipsissewa.
Common in shady canons on Green Mt., 6500-8100 ft. (Dan-
iels, 751). Also on north and south Boulder Peaks (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to Alaska ; Georgia to California and Mex-
ico : Europe : Asia.

326. MONESES Salisb. Single delight.

770. M. uniflora (L.) Gray [Pyrola uniflora L.]. One-
flov/ered wintergreen.

At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley
&RGbbins).

Labrador to Alaska ; Pennsylvania to Colorado and Ore-
gon : Europe : Asia.

1 86 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [334

327. PYROLA L. Wintergreen. Shinleaf.

771. P. secunda L, One-sided wintergreen, or shinleaf.

Shady banks of canons on the north slopes of Green Mt.,
mainly under Douglas spruce, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 531).
Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Labrador to Alaska; District of Columbia to Califor-
nia : Europe : Asia.

^^2. P. uliginosa Torr. [P. rotundifolia uliginosa Gray]. Bog
wintergreen, or shinleaf.

With the preceding, 6500-8100 ft. (Daniels, 534). Also on
South Boulder Peak (Rydberg).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia ; New York to Colo-
rado and California : Japan.

Family 85. ERICACEAE D C. Heath family.

328. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Bearberry.

773. A. TJva-ursi (L.) Spreng. [Uva-ursi Uva-ursi (L.)
Cockerell. nov. comb. ; U. procumbens Moench] . Red
bearberry.

Common on dry slopes, 5800-8600 ft. (Daniels, 453). Also
at Eldora and on the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg). South Boulder Canon; Sugarloaf Mt. ; Pine
Glade School; Copeland's (Ramaley). Uva-ursi (Tourn.)
Miller, 1754, has priority over Arctostaphylos Adans, 1763,
but should such a hyphenated word stand as a generic name?

Labrador and Arctic America to Alaska ; New Jersey to
Colorado and Oregon : Europe : Asia.

329. GAULTHERIA L. Wintergreen.

774. G. humifusa (Graham) Rydb. [G. Myrsinitis Hook.].
Creeping wintergreen.

Fourth of July Mine, loooo-iiooo ft. (Andrews).
Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

330. KALMIA L. Lambkill.

775. K. microphylla (Hook.) Heller [K. glauca microphylla
Hook.]. Small-leaved swamp laurel.

335] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 87

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 1 1500- 12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 900). Also at Caribou, and on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Camp Albion; Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley).

Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to California.

Family 86. VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Blueberry family.

331. VACCINIUM L. Blueberry. Bilberry.
776. V. caespitosum Michx. Dwarf bilberry.

From Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Labrador to Alaska; New Brunswick and New Hamp-
shire to Colorado and Washington.

jyj. V. scoparium Leiberg. \V . Myrtillus microphylliim
Hook; V. erythrococcum Rydb.]. Red-berried bilberryi

Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow and on
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 331).

Alberta to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

778. V. oreophilum Rydb. Myrtle blueberry.

Common in coniferous forests at loooo ft. (Ramaley), where
it has been collected at Bald Mountain near Ward; Redrock
lake above Ward; Fourth of July Mine; and at the foot of
Long's Peak.

Alberta and British Columbia to New Mexico.

Order 35. PRIMULALES.
Family 87. PRIMULACEAE Vent. Primrose family.

332. PRIMULA L. Primrose.

779. P. angustifolia Torr. Narrow-leaved primrose.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline in dry tundras near snow,

12000-13500 ft. (Daniels, 886).
Colorado.

780. P. Parryi Gray. Parry's primrose.

Along cold streams crossing the Arapahoe Trail, and in wet
tundras, Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-13000 ft.
(Daniels, 921). Also at Caribou, and in the mountains south
of Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

l88 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [336

333. ANDROSACE L. Rock primrose.

781. A. puberulenta Rydb. Puberulent rock primrose.
Mountain slopes above Bloomerville near snow, 9200 ft.

(Daniels, 338). Plains near Boulder (Rydberg).
Manitoba, Mackenzie and Alberta to New Mexico.

782. A. pinetomm Greene. Pine forest rock primrose.
Common under rocks in the foothills and mesas, 5700-8100

ft. (Daniels, 276). Probably Porter and Coulter's A. septen-
trionalis L. from Long's Peak is this plant, as is Coulter's
plant from Long's Peak in Wabash College Herb.
Mackenzie to Yukon ; Colorado to Arizona.

783. A. subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small. Subumbellate
rock primrose.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, a diminutive alpine form,
11500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 876).
Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

784. A. diffusa Small. Diffuse rock primrose.

At Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 714). Also Massif
de r Arapahoe (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley
&Robbins).

Mackenzie to British Columbia; New Mexico to Ari-
zona,

785. A. subulifera (Gray) Rydb. [A. septentrionalis suhuli-
fcra Gray]. Subuliferous rock primrose.

Near Boulder (Coulter).
Montana to Colorado.

334. STEIRONEMA Raf. Loosestrife.

786. S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. [Lysiinachia ciliata L.]. Fringed
loosestrife.

In springy grounds and moist caiions, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 7z).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; Georgia to Arizona:
naturalized in Europe.

T^T^/^ FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 89

335. CENTTJNCTJLUS L. Chaffweed.

787. C. minimus L. Least chaffweed.

Under pines, mesas south of Chautauqua grounds, Boulder,
5800 ft. (Daniels, 180). Not in Rydberg's Flora.

Illinois and Minnesota to British Columbia; Florida
to Texas and Mexico: Europe: South America.

336. DODECATHEON L. Shooting star.

788. D. philoscia A. Nels. Shade-loving shooting star.
In the spray of Boulder Falls and along other deep canons,

6500-8600 ft. (Daniels, 800).
Wyoming to Colorado.

789. D. radicatiun Greene. Many-flowered shooting star.
Common in deep cafions, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels, 274).

Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Boulder Canon
(Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Kansas to New Mexico.

790. D. sinuatum Rydb. [D. radicatuni sinuatuni Rydb.].
Wavy-leaved shooting star.

Occasional in caiions with the preceding, of which it seems
to be merely a wavy-leaved form, 6200-8000 ft. (Daniels,

854).

Colorado.

790^. D. pauciflorum (Durand) Greene. Few-flowered
shooting star.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Mackenzie and Saskatchewan to Colorado.

337. DROSACE A. Nels.

791. D. carinata (Torr.) A. Nels. [Donglasia Johnstoni Aven
Nelson]. Johnston's Douglasia.

Long's Peak (i\ven Nelson), the type locality of Douglasia
Johnstoni.
Colorado.

190 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [338

Order 36. GENTIANALES.
Family 88. GENTIANACEAE Dumont. Gentian family.

338. EUSTOMA Salisb.

792. E. Andrewsii A. Nelson. Andrews's Eustoma.
Near Boulder, the type locality (Andrews).
Colorado.

339. ANTHOPOGON Heck. Fringed gentian.

793. A. elegans (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana elegans A. Nels.].
Showy fringed gentian.

Long's Peak (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley
&Robbins).

Mackenzie to Colorado and Arizona.

794. A. barbellatus (Engelm.) Rydb. [Gentiana barbellata
Engelm. ; G. Moseleyi A. Nels.]. Bearded fringed gen-
tian.

Aspen bogs at Eldora and along streams crossing Arapahoe
Trail, 86001 1000 ft. (Daniels, 863). Redrock lake, loioo ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins). The type of Nelson's G. Moseleyi is
from Boulder Co.

Colorado.

340. AMARELLA Gileb. Gentian.

795. A. monantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. [Gentiana monantha
A. Nels.]. One-flowered gentian.

Above timberline in wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-
12000 ft. (Daniels, 897). Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley
& Robbins).

Colorado.

796. A. strictiflora (Rydb.) Greene [Gentiana amarella stric-
ta S. Wats. ; G. strictiflora Rydb.] Strict-flowered gen-
tian.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Alaska; Colorado to California.

339] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO I9I

797. A. scopulomm Greene [Gentianella dementis Rydb.].
Crag gentian.

Common in deep canons and aspen bogs, 6500 (Green Mt.)-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 608). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley &
Robbins ) .

South Dakota to Montana ; Colorado to Arizona.

798. A. plebeja (Cham.) Greene [Gentiana plebeja
Cham.; G. amarella acuta Gray, not Hook.]. Low gen-
tian.

Ward (Cockerell).

Mackenzie and Alaska to Colorado and California. (?)

798a. A. plebeja Holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. [Gentiana plebeja
Holmii Wettst.; Amarella nana Engelm.]. Holm's gen-
tian.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11500-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 944). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
Range of the type.

341. CHONDROPHYLLA A. Nels.

799. C. Fremontii (Torr.) A. Nels. [Gentiana Fremontii
Torr.]. Fremont's gentian.

Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wabash
College Herb.).
Wyoming to Colorado.

7993^. C. Americana (Engelm.) A. Nels. [Gentiana pros-
trata Americana Engelm.]. American gentian.
Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Alberta and Alaska to Colorado.

342. DASYSTEPHANA Adans. Closed gentian.

800. D. Romanzovii (Ledeb.) Rydb. [Gentiana Romanzovii
Ledeb.]. Romanzof's closed gentian.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11 500- 13000 ft. (Daniels,
892). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Montana to Alaska ; Colorado to Utah : Asia.

192 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [34O

801. D. Parryi (Engelm.) Ryclb. [Gentiana Parryi Engelm.].
Parry's closed gentian.

Bogs at Eldora, thence along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe
Peak, 8600-12000 ft. (Daniels, 847). Redrock lake, loioo ft.
(Ramaley & Robbins). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

802. D. Bigelovii (Gray) Rydb. [Gentiana Bigelovii Gray].

BiGELOW's closed GENTIAN.

Dry mesas near entrance to Bear Canon, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 766).

Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

343. PLEUROGYNE Eschsch.

803. P. fontana A. Nels. [P. rotata tennifolia Griseb.]. Foun-
tain pleurogyne.

At Caribou (Rydberg).

Hudson Bay and Alaska to Colorado.

344. SWERTIA L.

804. S. palustris A. Nels. Marsh swertia.

Along alpine streams, Arapahoe Trail, and in wet tundras,
Arapahoe Peak, above timberline, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
893). Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

8o4>^. S. congesta A. Nels. Dense-flowered swertia.
Long's Peak (Cooper).
Montana to Colorado and Utah.

345. FRASERA Walt. Columbo.

805. F. stenosepala Rydb. Narrow-sepalled columbo.

On the mesas and foothills, common, 5700-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 168). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

806. F. speciosa Dougl. Showy columbo.
Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).

South Dakota to Montana and Oregon ; Colorado to
California.

34 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 93

807. F. an^stifolia Rydb. Narrow-leaved columbo.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Montana to Colorado.

Order 37. ASCLEPIADALES.
Family 89. APOCYNACEAE Lindl. Dogbane Family.
346. APOCYNTJM L. Dogbane.

808. A. androsaemifolium L. Spreading dogbane.

South Boulder Canon, and north of Nederland, 6500-9000
ft. (Ramaley).
Anticosti to British Columbia; Georgia to Arizona.

809. A. scopulorum Greene. Crag dogbane.

Common on the foothills, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 231). Su-
garloaf (Ramaley).

Saskatchewan and Yukon to Colorado.

810. A. lividum Greene. Pale dogbane.
Eldora (Ramaley).

Colorado.

811. A. ambigens Greene. Smooth dogbane.

In Boulder Caiion, Bear Caiion, and other valleys in the
foothills, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels, 515).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

812. A. cannabinum L. Indian hemp.

Along railroads and stream banks, and ascending along the
cations and gulches for some distance into the foothills, 5100-
6500 ft. (Daniels, 348).

Anticosti to Washington ; Florida to Lower Califor-
nia.

813. A. hypericifolium Ait. Clasping-leaved dogbane.. St.
Johnswort Indian hemp.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and along
roads in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 409).

Ontario to British Columbia ; Ohio to New Mexico.

1^4 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [342

Family 90. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed family.

347. ACERATES Ell. Green milkweed.

814. A. viridiflora (Raf.) Eaton. Common green milkweed.
Occasional in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 405).

JMassachusetts to Montana; Florida to New Mexico.

815. A, angustifolia (Nutt.) Dec. [Asclepias stenophylla
Gray]. Narrow-leaved green milkweed.

Common in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 298).

South Dakota to Colorado; Missouri to Texas and New
Mexico.

348. ASCLEPIAS L. Milkweed. ■

816. A. speciosa Torr. Showy milkweed.

Frequent in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 262).

Manitoba to British Columbia ; New Mexico to Califor-
nia.

817. A. brachystephana Engelm,. Short-crowned milkweed.
Rare on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

404).

Wyoming to Texas and Arizona.

818. A. incamata L. Swamp milkweed.

In swales and along streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 671).
New Brunswick to Manitoba; Florida to New Mexico.

819. A. pumila (Gray) Vail [A. verticillata pumila Gray].
Dwarf milkweed.

Local in the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
386).

South Dakota to Montana; Arkansas to New Mexico.

343] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 95

Order 38. POLEMONIALES.
Family 91. CUSCUTACEAE Dumont. Dodder family.

349. CUSCUTA L. Dodder.

820. C. curta Engelm. [C. Gronovii curta Engelm.] Short-
styled dodder.

On Ambrosia psilostachya DC, along Union Pacific Rail-
road east of Boulder, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 696).
Colorado to Utah.

821. C. indecora Choisy. Pretty dodder.

On Thermopsis pinetorum Greene. Rocky ledge at Mar-
shall, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 426).

Illinois to Nebraska and Colorado; Florida to Califor-
nia; Tropical America.

Family 92. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Bindweed family.

350. EVOLVTJLITS L.

822. E. Nuttallianus R. & S. [E. argentens Pursh]. Nut-
tall's evolvulus.

Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 474).

South Dakota to Colorado ; Texas to Arizona.

351. PHARBITIS Choisy. Morning glory.

823. P. purpurea (L.) Voight [P. hispida Choisy; Ipomoea
purpurea (L.) Roth]. Common morning glory.

Escaped along Arapahoe Road, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 792).
Tropical America, thence to North America.

352. CONVOLVULUS L. Bindweed.

824. C. arvensis L. Field bindweed.

Along streets of Boulder, 5300-5700 (Chautauqua grounds)
ft. (Daniels, 816).
Europe, thence to North America.

/

196 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [344

825. C. ambigens House. Hairy bindweed.

Plains near Boulder (Rydberg). Perhaps only a state of
the preceding.

Colorado to New Mexico and California.

353. VOLVTJLTJS Medic. Bracted bindweed.

826. V. interior (House) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Convolvu-
lus interior House]. Inland bracted bindweed.

Low flats near Valmont Dike, 5200-5300 ft. (Daniels, 669).
Nebraska to Colorado ; Oklahoma to Arizona.

Family 93. POIEMONIACEAE. Jacob's ladder family.

354. PHLOX L. Phlox.

827. P. multiflora A. Nelson. Many-flowered phlox.
North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado.

828. P. depressa (E. Nelson) Rydberg [P. multiflora de-
pressa E. Nelson]. Low phlox.

Dry slopes of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 105).
Colorado.

829. P. longifolia Nutt. Long-leaved pellox.

Near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter; also Coulter in Wa-
bash College Herb.).

Montana to Washington; Colorado to Oregon.

355. MICROSTERIS Greene.

830. M. micrantha (Kellogg) Greene [Colloniia micrantha
Kellogg]. Small-flowered microsteris.

At Boulder (Cockerell).

Nebraska to Wyoming ; Colorado to California ; South
America (Chili and Bolivia to Magellan Straits).

356. LINANTHUS Benth.

831. L. Harknessii (Curran) Greene [Gilia Harknessii Cur-
ran]. Harkness' Linanthus.

Flood-sands of streams, north slope of Green Mt., 6000-8000
ft. (Daniels, 467).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

345] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 197

357. GILIA R. & P. Gilia.

832. G. spicata Nutt. Spiked gilia.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Nebraska to Wyoming; Colorado to Utah.

833. G. attenuata (Gray) A. Nelson [G. aggregata attenuata
Gray] . Acute-lobed gilia.

Foothills and mesas about Boulder, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels).
White flowered, but it passes into the following variety
through a series of forms of all shades of pink from nearly
white to almost scarlet.

Idaho to Colorado and Utah.

833a. Gr. attenuata collina (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[CaUisteris collina Greene]. Foothill gilia.

Alpine forested slopes near Eldora, and also near the sum-
mit of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 343). The pink
of the flowers varies from nearly white to scarlet.

Range of the type?

834. G. Candida Rydb. [CaUisteris leucantha Gretna']. White
gilia.

Common on the mesas, foothills and mountain .^'opes, 5700-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 46). Corollas often pinkish, perhaps hy-
brids with the above. Also South Boulder Peak, and in the
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Colorado.

835. G. pinnatifida Nutt. Small-flowered gilia.
Common throughout and very variable, 5 100- 1 0000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 45). Also in the mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).

Nebraska and Wyoming to New Mexico.

836. G. sinuata Benth. Wavy-leaved gilia.

Common in the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500
ft. (Daniels, 193).

Colorado and New MEXico to California.

837. G. inconspicua (Smith) Dougl. Inconspicuous gilia.
On the foothills, 5900-8000 ft. (Daniels).

Colorado and Utah to Arizona and Mexico.

ig8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [346

358. COLLOMIA Nutt.

838. C. linearis Nutt. [Gilia linearis (Nutt.) Gray]. Nar-
row-leaved COLLOMIA.

Very common throughout in shady or half -shady places,
especially on creek sands, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 51). Also
at Ward (Rydberg).

North Dakota and Manitoba to British Columbia; Ari-
zona to California ; introduced eastward.
838a. C. linearis Boulderensis Daniels. Nov. var.

Leaves narrower than in the type, sharply acuminate ; flower-
clusters densely capitate, the calyx-lobes and the bracts strongly
pungent; a dwarfish form, blossoming earlier than the type.
Near Gilia linearis subulata Gray.

Plains about Boulder, 5400-5700 ft. (Daniels, 60).

359. POLEMONIUM L. Jacob's ladder. Greek va-
lerian.

839. P. pulcherrimum Hook. Fairest Jacob's ladder.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

1021). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and in the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward, Brand makes this species a
synonym of the next.
Colorado.

840. P. delicatum Rydb. Delicate Jacob's ladder.

At timberline (or just below) under shrubs, Arapahoe Peak,
10500-11500 ft. (Daniels, 872).
Colorado and New Mexico.

841. P. molle Greene. Soft Jacob's ladder.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado.

842. P. robustum Rydb. Stout Greek valerian.
Boulder creek near Falls, 6500-7500 ft. (Daniels, 296).
Colorado.

843. P. mellitum (Gray) Greene [P. confertum mcllitum
\J Gray]. Yellow Greick valerian.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming and Colorado to Nevada.

347] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 1 99

8433^. P. confertum Gray. Purple Greek valerian.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Wyoming to Colorado.

844. P. Brandegeei (Gray) Greene [Gilia Brandegeei Gray].
Brandegee's Greek valerian.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

Family 94. HYDROLEACEAE. H. B. K. Hydrolea family.

360. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Waterleaf.

845. H. Fendleri (Gray) Heller [H. occidentale Fendleri
Gray]. Fendler's waterleaf.

Common along streams in shade, and in deep mountain
canons, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 129). Also in the mountains
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Wyoming and Idaho to New Mexico.

361. MACROCALYX Trew.

846. M. Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze [Ellisia Nyctelea L.]. Nycte-
lea.

Along streams and in gulches in mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 597).

Saskatchewan to Montana; Virginia to Colorado.

362. PHACELIA Juss. Phacelia.

847. P. leu cophylla Torr. White-leaved Phacelia.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
South Dakota to Washington; Colorado to Utah.

848. P. heterophylla Pursh. Various-leaved Phacelia.
Common on the mesas and foothills, 5600-8000 ■ ft. (Daniels,

40). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Montana to Washington ; Colorado to California.

849. P. glandulosa Nutt. Glandular Phacelia.
Boulder Canon above Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 548).
Montana to Texas and Arizona.

y

200 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [348

850. P. Neo-Mexicana alba (Rydb.) Daniels. Nov. comb.
White New Mexican Phacelia.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

363. EUTOCA R. Br.

851. E. sericea Graham in Hook. [Phacelia sericea (Grab.)
Gray]. Silky Phacelia.

Common about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 312). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to Nevada.

Family 95. BORAGINACEAE Gray. Borage family.

364. LAPPTJLA Moench. Stickseed.

852. L. floribunda (Lehm.) Greene [Echinospermum flori-
bundum Lehm.]. Large-flowered stickseed.

Frequent in Bear and Boulder Cafions, 6000-7500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 448).

Manitoba to Alberta ; New Mexico to California.

853. L. angustata Rydb. Narrow-leaved stickseed.
Common in canons in the foothills, 5600-7500 ft. (Daniels,

674).
Colorado to Wyoming.

854. L. occidentalis (Wats.) Greene [Echinospermum Redow-
skyi occidentale Wats.] Western stickseed.

Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
6).

Saskatchewan to Washington ; Missouri to New Mex-
ico.

855. L. cnpnlata (Gray) Rydb. [Echinospermum Redowskyi
cupulatum Gray]. Cupulate stickseed.

Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 9).
South Dakota to Idaho ; Texas to Colorado.

349] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 201

3641/2. ERITRICHIUM Schrader. Mountain forget-
me-not.

855/^. E. argenteum Wight. Silvery mountain forget-me-
not.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Wyoming and Colorado to Utah.

365. OREOCARYA Greene. Mountain nut.

856. 0. suffraticosa (Terr.) Greene [Krynitzkia Jamesii
Gray]. James's mountain nut.

Slopes of Green Mountain, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 527). Plains
and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Wyoming and Colorado.

857. 0. virgata (Porter) Greene [Krynitzkia virgata (Por-
ter) Gray]. Virgate mountain nut.

Common on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 19).
Wyoming. to Colorado.

857/^- 0. pulvinata A. Nels. Pulvinate mountain nut.

Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). \/

Colorado.

366. ALLOCARYA Greene.

858. A. scopulonim Greene. Mountain allocarya.

Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 701).
Also at Boulder CRydberg).

Montana to Washington ; Colorado to Nevada.

367. CRYPTANTHE Lehm.

859. C. crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene [Krynitzkia crassise-
pala (T. & G.) Gray]. Thick-sepalled cryptanthe.

Frequent on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 389).
Saskatchewan to Montana ; Texas to Utah and Mex-
ico.

202 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [350

860. C. Pattersonii (Gray) Greene [Krynitzkia Pattersonii
Gray]. Patterson's cryptanthe.

In the spray of Boulder Falls, 7500 ft. (Daniels, 609).
Wyoming and Colorado.

368. MERTENSIA Roth. Lungwort. Bluebells.

861. M. punctata Greene. Punctate bluebells.
Bear Canon, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 716).
Colorado.

862. M. polyphylla Greene. Many-leaved bluebells.
Along stream in alpine valley near snow, above Bloomer-

ville, and in Boulder Cafion above the Falls, 8000-IG000 ft.
(Daniels, 320). Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Ward
(Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

863. M. lateriflora Greene. Side-flowered lungwort.
Along streams on mountain slope above Bloomerville near

snow, 9300 ft. (Daniels. 337). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Rama-
ley & Robbins). Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado.

864. M. viridula Rydb. Greenish lungwort.
Canons in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 34).
Colorado.

865. M. amoena A. Nels. Pleasant lungwort.

At Boulder; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

866. M. linearis Greene. Linear-leaved lungwort.
Subalpine meadows, Boulder Caiion beyond the Falls, 7000-

8000 ft. (Daniels, 226). Also at Boulder; and from Eldora
to Baltimore (Rydberg).

AssiNiBoiA to Nebraska and Colorado.

867. M. lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Lance-lea ved lungwort.
Common throughout except in high alpine places, 5100-9000

ft. (Daniels, 14). Very variable.

Montana to Colorado and New Mexico.

35 I ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 203

868. M. Secundorum Cockerell. Hairy lungwort.

Near mouth of Boulder Canon (Cockerell), the type local-
ity, where it was discovered by students of the State Prepara- ^
tory School, whence the specific name.

Colorado.

869. M. micrantha Aven Nelson. Small-flowered lung-
wort.

Flagstaff Hill, 6000-6500 ft. (Daniels, 636). Also Sugar
Loaf Mt., collected by Dr. Ramaley (Nelson), the type local-
ity.

Colorado.

870. M. perplexa Rydb. Perplexing lungwort.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

645). Also mountains south of Ward the type-locality (Ryd-
berg).
Colorado.

871. M. alpina (Torr.) Don. Alpine lungwort.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11500-12000 ft. (Daniels,

1022).
Colorado.

369. LITHOSPERMTJM L. Cromwell. Puccoon.

872. L. canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary puccoon.
At Boulder (Rydberg).

Ontario to North Dakota ; Alabama to Colorado and
Arizona.

873. L. linearifolium Goldie [L. angustifolium Michx.]. Nar-
row-leaved puccoon.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Illinois and Manitoba to British Columbia; Texas to
Arizona.

874. L. breviflonim Engelm. & Gray [L. albescens Greene].
Short-flowered puccoon.

Common on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the lower
foothills, 5100-6300 ft. (Daniels, 130).

Arkansas to Colorado; Texas to New Mexico and Mex-
ico.

y

204 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [352

370. ONOSMODIUM Michx. False gromwell.

875. 0. occidentale Mackenzie. Western false gromwell.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

183). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).

Manitoba to British Columbia; Missouri to Texas and
Utah.

371. LYCOPSIS L. Bugloss.

876. L. arvensis L. Small bugloss.

Roadsides near entrance to Boulder Canon, 5400-5500 ft.
(Daniels, 165). Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

Family 96. VERBENACEAE St. Hil. Vervain family.

372. VERBENA L. Vervain.

877. V. hastata L. Blue vervain.

Along streams in the plains, but ascending Boulder creek
for a considerable distance into the foothills, 5100-6500 ft.
(Daniels, 579).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; Florida to Califor-
nia.

878. V. bracteosa Michx. [F. rurfw Greene]. Large-bractei>

VERVAIN.

Common in waste places, and on the plains, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 2).

Michigan to Alberta and British Columbia; Florida to
California.

878a. V. bracteosa albiflora Cockerell. Nov. var. White-
flowered large-bracted vervain.
Differs from the type in having white flowers. Campus of
the University of Colorado, July 15, 1908 (Cockerell).

879. V. ambrosifolia Rydb. Ragweed-leaved vervain.
At Boulder, and in Boulder Co. (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Colorado; Texas to Arizona and Mex-
ico.

353] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 205

879%. V. Canadensis (L.) Brit. [V. Aubletia Jacq.]. Com-
mon WILD VERBENA.

St. Vrain river (Porter and Coulter).

Indiana to Colorado; Florida to New Mexico and Mex-
ico.

373. PHYLA Lour. Fog-fruit.

880. P. cuneifolia (Torr.) Greene [Lippia cuneifolia Torr.].
Wedge-leaved fog-fruit.

Along the railroad between Boulder and Marshall, and on
the sandy shores of Boulder creek for some distance in the
foothills, 5300-6200 ft. (Daniels, 406).

South Dakota to Wyoming ; Texas to Arizona and Mex-
ico.

Family 97. LAMIACEAE. Dead nettle family.

374. TEUCRITJM L. Germander.

881. T. occidentale Gray. Western germander.

Swales in the plains, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels, 407).

Ontario to British Columbia; Pennsylvania to Colo-
rado and California.

375. SCTJTELLAIIIA L. Skullcap.

882. S. galericulta L. Hooded skullcap.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Newfoundland to Alaska ; North Carolina to Arizona :
Europe: Asia.

883. S. Brittonii Porter. Britton's skullcap.

Common on the foothills and mesas, 5700-8000 ft. (Daniels,
146). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). St. Vrain
river, as 6^. resinosa Torr. (Porter and Coulter), unless this
plant be indeed the next.

Wyoming to Colorado,

883^. S. virgulata A. Nels. [5. Brittojiii virgidata (A. Nels.)
Rydb.]. Wand-like skullcap.
Along streams in mesas, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 33).
Wyoming to Colorado.

2o6 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [354

376. NEPETA L. Catnip. Catmint.

884. N. Cataria L. Common catnip.

Common in waste places, and following the roads for some
distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 459).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

377. GLECOMA (GLECHOMA) L. Ground ivy.

885. G. hederacea L. [Nepeta Gleclioma Benth.]. Gill-over-
the-ground.

At Boulder (Rydberg). Found in Boulder, April, 1905, by
Miss Tollie Rudd; a specimen was sent to Dr. Rydberg.
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

378. DRACOCEPHALUM L. Dragon's-head.

886. D. parviflorum Nutt. Small-flowered dragon's-head.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 87).

New York to Alaska ; New Mexico to Arizona.

379. PRUNELLA {B RUN ELLA) L. Self-heal.

Heal-all.

887. P. (B.) vulgaris L. Common self-heal.

Common in damp places on the plains, and occasional in
remote canons, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 240).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America, where north-
ward it is possibly native.

380. LEONTJRTTS L. Motherwort.

888. L. Cardiaca L. Common motherwort.

Common in waste places, and following the roads for some
distance in the foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 460).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

381. STACHYS L. Hedge nettle.

889. S. scopulomm Greene. Crag hedge nettle.

In swales in the plains, 5100^5500 ft. (Daniels, 502). Also
at Longmont (Rydberg).

Minnesota, Mackenzie and Alberta to New Mexico.

355] FLORA OF BOTTT,DER, COLORADO 20/

382. SALVIA L. Sage.

890. S. lanceolata Willd. Lance-leaved sage.

Common on the plains, 5100-60GO ft. (Daniels, 280).

South Dakota to Montana ; Texas to Arizona and Mex-
ico.

383. MONARDA. L. Horsemint. Bergamot.

891. M. menthaefolia Grab. Mint-leaved bergamot.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 955). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Illinois to Manitoba and Idaho; Texas to Colorado.

892. M. stricta Wooton. Strict bergamot.
At Boulder (Rydberg).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

893. M. mollis L. Soft bergamot.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
222).

Missouri to South Dakota and Montana ; Georgia to
Texas and Colorado.

894. M. pectinata Nutt. [M. Nuttallii A. Nels.]. Pectinate

HORSE-MINT.

Abounding in the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
13). Boulder is the type-locality of M. Nuttallii A. Nels.
Colorado to Utah ; Texas to Arizona.

895. M. Ramaleyi A. Nels. Ramaley's horse-mint.
Boulder creek near Boulder, the type locality (Rydberg).
Colorado.

384. HEDEOMA Pers. Pennyroyal.

896. H. hispida Pursh. Hispid pennyroyal.

Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

195).
Colorado to Utah ; Texas to Arizona.

2o8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [356

385. LYCOPUS L. Water hoarhound.

897. L. lucidus Turcz. Western water hoarhound.
Along ditches and streams, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 783).
Minnesota to British Columbia; Missouri to Colorado

and California.

898. L. Americanus Muhl. [L. sinuatus Ell. ; L. Europeus sin-
uatus (Ell.) Gray]. American water hoarhound.

Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 508).

Newfoundland to British Columbia ; Florida to Cali-
fornia.

386. MENTHA L. Mint.

899. M. spicata L. [M . viridis L.] . Spearmint.

/ Along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Daniels, 742).

^ Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

900. M. Penardi (Briq.) Rydb. [M. arvensis Penardi Briq.].
Penard's mint.

Along ditches and streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 164).
Nebraska to Mackenzie and British Columbia; Colo-
rado to Utah.

Family 98. SOLANACEAE Pers. Nightshade family.

387. PHYSALIS L. Ground cherry.

901. P. longifolia Nutt. [P. /awc^o/a^a /a^w^a^a Gray] . Long-
leaved ground cherry.

Boulder Canon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 153).

Iowa to Montana; Arkansas to Arizona and Mexico.

902. P. lanceolata Michx. Prairie ground cherry.
Common on the plains and mesas in loose or sandy soils,

5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 523).

Michigan to Wyoming; South Carolina to Arizona and
Mexico.

903. P. Virginiana Mill. Virginia ground cherry.
Cultivated fields and roadsides on the plains, and foothills,

appearing like an introduced weed, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
684). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

357] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 209

New York to Manitoba and Montana ; Florida to Texas
and Colorado.

904. P. heterophylla Nees. Clammy ground cherry.
At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg).

New Brunswick to Saskatchewan; Florida to Texas
and Utah.

905. P. comata Rydb. Hairy western ground cherry.
Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 403).
Nebraska and Colorado to Texas.

906. P. rotundata Rydb. Round-leaved ground cherry.
Plains about Boulder, chiefly in loose sands, 5100-5700 ft.

(Daniels, 487).
North Dakota to Colorado ; Texas to New Mexico.

.388. aTTINCTJLA Raf. Purple ground cherry.

907. Q. lobata (Torr.) Raf. [Physalis lobata Torr.]. Lobed
purple ground cherry.

At Boulder and Longmont (Rydberg). A few miles north
of Boulder, abundant on the Pierre (Cretaceous) shales. May
1906 (Cockerell).

Kansas to Colorado ; Texas to California and Mexico.

389. ANDROCERA Nutt. Bur nightshade.

908. A. rostrata (Dunal) Rydb. [Solanum rostratum Dunal;
A. lobata Nutt.]. Common bur nightshade.

Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 384). The
original host of the Colorado beetle or potato-bug.

North Dakota to Wyoming; Texas to New Mexico and
Mexico ; as an introduced weed throughout the eastern United
States.

390. SOLANTJM L. Nightshade.

909. S. triflorum Nutt. Three-flowered nightshade.
Common in yards, waste places, and loose soils on the plains,

5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 282).

Ontario to Alberta; Kansas to Arizona.

y

^

y

210 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [358

gog]/2. S. interius Rydb. Inland nightshade.
Near Boulder (Rydberg).
Nebraska to Colorado; Texas to California.

910. S. villosum (Mill.) Lam. [S. nigrum villosum Mill.].
Villous nightshade.

At Boulder (Rydberg).

Wyoming to British Columbia ; Colorado to Lower Cal-
ifornia.

391. LYCOPERSICON (LYCOPERSICUM) Mill. To-
mato.

911. L. Lycopersicuin (L.) Karst. [Solanum Lycopersicum
L.]. Common tomato.

Adventitious along the Arapahoe Road, 5300-5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 791).

South America, thence common in cultivation.

392. LYCnJM L. Matrimony vine.

912. L. vulgare L. Common matrimony vine.

South of University Campus, Boulder (W. W. Robbins).
Not in Rydberg's Flora.
Europe, Africa, and Asia, thence to North America.

393. DATURA L. Thorn-apple.

913. D. Stramonium L. Jim son w^^eed.

Waste places, especially common along railroads, and on
creek-sands in Boulder Cafion, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 810).
Asia, thence cosmopolitan.

914. D. Tatnla L. Purple thorn-apple.

Streets of Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 566). Also at
Salina (Ramaley).

South America, thence cosmopolitan.

394. NICOTIANA L. Tobacco.

915. N. attemiata Torr. Night-blooming tobacco.

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia; New Mexico to Califor-
nia.

359J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 211

Family 99. RHINANTHACEAE St. Hil. Rattle-box family.

395. VERBASCUM L. Mullen.

916. V. Thapsus L. Common mullen. v/"
Waste places and cultivated grounds, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 457).

Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

917. V. Blattaria L. Moth mullen.

Along Union Pacific Railroad, near Boulder, 5200-5400 ft. ly

(Daniels, 677).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

396. IINARIA Mill. Toad-flax.

918. L. Canadensis (L.) Dumont. Canada toad-flax.
Common on the mesas in pine groves .south of the Chautau-
qua grounds, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 179).

Nova Scotia to Washington; Florida to California:
Central America : South America.

397. COLLINSIA Nutt. Innocence.

919. C. tenella (Pursh) Piper [C. parviflora Dougl.] Little
blue-eyed Mary.

Shady springs and canons in the foothills and gulches in the
mesas, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels, 267). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg). St. Vrain's Canon (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).

Ontario to British Columbia ; Michigan to Arizona and
California.

398. SCROPHULARIA L. Figwort.

920. S. occidentalis (Rydb.) Bickn. [S. nodosa occidentalis
Rydb.]. Western figv^ort.

Canons, common, 5700-8600 ft. (Daniels, 127).
North Dakota to Washington ; Oklahoma to Califor-
nia.

399. PENTSTEMON Soland. Beard-tongue.

921. P. oreophilus Rydb. Mountain beard-tongue.
Common on the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft.

212 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [360

(Daniels, 213). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Colorado.

922. P. alpinus Torr. [P. glaber alpinus Gray ; P. riparius A.
Nels.]. Alpine beard-tongue.

Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 214). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado to Wyoming.

923. P. unilateralis Rydb. One-sided beard-tongue.
Common throughout in open places, 5300-8600 ft. (Daniels,

7). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico.

924. P. secundiflorus Benth. Sharp-leaved beard-tongue.
Common throughout in open situations, 5100-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 8).

Wyoming to New Mexico.

925. P. glaucus Graham. Glaucous beard-tongue.
Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Utah ; Colorado to Arizona.

925a. P. glaucus stenosepalus Gray. Narrow-sepalled beard-
tongue.

Arapahoe Peak at timberline, iiooo ft. (Daniels, 936). Also
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake loioo ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins).

Range of the type, but strictly alpine.

926. P. gracilis Nutt. Slender beard-tongue.

Common on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-
8000 ft. (Daniels. 22).

Manitoba to Saskatchewan ; Texas to Colorado.

927. P, humilis Nutt. Low beard-tongue.

Common throughout in open places, 5100-9200 (Ward) ft.
(Daniels, 177). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Montana and Alberta to Colorado and Nevada.

928. P. Rydbergii A. Nels. [P. erosus Rydb.]. Rvdherg's
beard-tongue.

361] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2I3

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming and Washington to Colorado.

928^- P. procerus Dougl. Tall beard-tongue.

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Colorado to Cal-
ifornia.

400. CHIONOPHILA Benth. Snow-flower.

929. C. Jamesii Benth. James's snow-flower.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, growing usually near the

snow, 11500-13500 ft. (Daniels, 911).
Wyoming to Colorado.

401. MIMULirS L. Monkey flower.

930. M. Langsdorfii Sims. Langsdorf's monkey flower.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Assiniboia to Alaska; New Mexico to California and
Mexico.

930a. M. Langsdorfii minor (A. Nels.) Cockerell. Nov. comb.
[M. minor A. Nelson]. Small Langsdorf's monkey

FLOWER.

Near Boulder, the type locality (A. Nelson).
Colorado.

931. M. puberulus Greene. Puberulent monkey flower.
Subalpine bogs along streams, Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels,

853).

Colorado.

932. M. Hallii Greene. Hall's monkey flower.

Moist banks of stream at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000
ft. (Daniels, 25).
Colorado.

933. M. Geyeri Torr. [M. Jamesii T. & G.] Geyer's mon-
key flower.

Along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 904).

Michigan to North Dakota; Illinois to Colorado.

y

214 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [362

934. M. floribundus Dougl. Many-flowered monkey flow-
er.

Common in wet sands along streams and ditches, 5100-8000
ft. (Daniels, 247). Also mountains between Sunshine and
Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia; Arizona to California.

402. LIMOSELLA L. Mudwort.

935. L. aquatica L. Aquatic mudwort.

In shallow water at the margins of Owen's lake, and also
Glacier lake, 5200-9000 ft. (Daniels, 662).
Cosmopolitan in cold and alpine situations.

403. GRATIOLA L. Hedge hyssop.

936. G. Virginiana L. Clammy hedge hyssop.

Limose places along streams and irrigation ditches, 5100-
5800 ft. (Daniels, 377). Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).
Quebec to British Columbia; Florida to California.

404. VERONICA L. Speedwell. Brooklime.

937. V. Americana Schwein. American brooklime.

In springs and shallow streams, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,
70).

Anticosti to Alaska; Pennsylvania to California.

938. V. Wormskjoldii R. & S. Worm skj old's speedwell.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

927). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).

Greenland to Alaska ; New Hampshire to Colorado and
California.

939. V. serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leaved speedwell.

Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 869), Also at
Caribou (Rydberg).

Cosmopolitan, except Africa and Australia.

940. V. Xalapensis H. B. K. Xalapa speedwell.
Common in limose places, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 577).

Young's V. peregrina from the forests about Boulder is doubt-
less this plant.

363] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21 5

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Texas to Califor-
nia,

941. V. agrestis L. Field speedwell.

Boulder, April, 1905 (Chas. Sellers). Not in Rydberg's
Flora.
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

942. V. Byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) B. S. P. [V. Buxhaumii

Tenore]. Byzantine speedwell. y

At Boulder (Rydberg).
Europe and Asia, thence to North America.

405. BESSEYA Rydb.

943. B. alpina (Gray) Rydb. [Synthyris alpina Gray]. Al-
pine Synthyris.

Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

406. GERAEDIA L. Purple false foxglove.

944. G. Besseyana Britton. Bessey's purple false foxglove.
Along irrigation ditches, Arapahoe Road, 5200-5400 ft.

(Daniels, 789). Also at Longmont (Rydberg).
Iowa to Wyoming; Louisiana to Colorado.

407. CASTILLEJA Mutis. Painted cup. Indian

PINK. Paint brush.

945. C. linariaefolia Benth. Toad-flax-leaved painted cup.
Very common on the foothills and mountain slopes, and

occasional on the higher mesas, 5800-9000 ft. (Daniels, 538).
Also North Boulder Peak (Rydberg).

Wyoming to New Mexico, California and Mexico

945a. C. Linariaefolia filifonnis Daniels. Nov. var. Fillform
toad-flax-leaved painted cup.
Plant dwarf, 1-2^4 decimetres high, stem purplish, villous
at the base, leaves filiform, i mm. wide, 3-4^ cm. long, the ,

lower with an occasional lobe or two ; flowers few with cleft ^.^

bracts, the lower of which are green, the upper crimson, these
and the flowers puberulent, rather than villous as in the type.

y

216 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [364

Barren ridges between Sugarloaf Mountain and Glacier
Lake, 8700-9200 ft. (Daniels, 976).

946. C. Crista-galli Rydb. Cockscomb painted cup.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Montana to Colorado.

947. C. cognata Greene. Yellow painted cup.

North slopes of Green Mountain; rare, 7000 ft. (Daniels,
975). Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell suggests that this plant is
probably a hybrid of C. linariaefolia Benth. and C. sulphurea
Rydb.

Colorado.

948. C. Integra Gray. Entire-leaved painted cup.
Abundant throughout, except on the alpine summits ; on the

plains occurring principally on banks and ridges, 5600-9000
ft. (Daniels, 169). Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg),
Colorado to New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico.

948^^. C. rhexifolia Rydb. Rhexia-leaved painted cup.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Alberta and Alaska to Colorado.

949. C. confusa Greene. Confused painted cup.
Subalpine meadows, but a few plants were also found on

a high bank in the mesas at base of the Flat-irons, 5800-10000
ft. (Daniels, 959). Also at Silver lake and north of Neder-
land (Ramaley) ; and from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

950. C. Arapahoensis Daniels. Nov. spec. Arapahoe paint-
ed cup.

Perennial, the tufted stems, 2-2 1/2 dm. high, curved- at the
base, smooth or slightly pubescent below, sparingly villous
with white hairs above ; basal leaves short, purplish, obtusely
spatulate, 8-10 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide; lower stem-
leaves, as well as the leaves of the sterile shoots narrowly
linear 21/0-3^ cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, acuminate, 3-ribbed,
puberulent ; thence the leaves increase progressively in width
to the inflorescence, where they are from ^-i cm. wide, Ian-

365] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 21/

ceolate acuminate, slightly-clasping at the base, entire, the up-
permost pubescent, or somewhat villous on the midribs and
margins, three-ribbed, the leaf-traces visible as prominent
ridges on the stem; bracts of the inflorescence relatively
broad, the lowermost i-i% cm. broad, about 2 cm. long, sub-
acute ; the uppermost shorter and relatively broader, obtuse
or rounded at the apex ; some of the bracts occasionally
notched toward the apices, or slightly lobed on each side; the
margins and veins somewhat villous; the bracts, as well as
the uppermost leaves rosy-pink; calyx with four nearly equal
subacute lobes, the sinus of the lateral lobes shallow; calyx
rosy-pink, villous; corolla exserted, 2I/2 cm. long, glabrous, or
slightly puberulent above, the tip of the galea rosy pink, which
is thrice the length of the slightly incurved lip; the upper
pair of stamens more or less extruded from the galea; cap-
sule black-purple 4-5 mm. long, oblong, abruptly acutish.

Wet tundras, above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, Sept. i, 1906,
11000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 910).

951. C. lauta A. Nels. [C. oreopola subintegra Fernald]. Sub-
entire PAINTED CUP.

Near Fourth of July Mine (Ramaley and Robbins).
Montana and Oregon to Colorado.

952. C. lancifolia Rydb. Lance-leaved painted cup.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Alaska to Oregon, Montana and Colorado.

953. C. occidentalis Torr. [C. pallida occidentaUs (Torr.)
Gray]. Western painted cup.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-13000 ft. (Daniels,
884), where also collected by Ramaley & Robbins. Also at
Ward (Rydberg). A dwarf alpine form (about i dm. high)
occurs on the higher altitudes of Arapahoe Peak.

Alberta and British Columbia to Colorado.

954. C. sulphurea Rydb. Sulphur painted cup.
Subalpine mountain-slopes and valleys at Eldora and Glacier

Lake, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 623). Also at Ward (Ryd-
berg).

2l8 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [366

South Dakota to Wyoming; Colorado to Utah.

408. ORTHOCARPUS Nutt.

955. 0. luteus Nutt. Yellow orthocarpus.

Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
352). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Saskatchewan to Washington; Colorado to Nevada.

409. ELEPHANTELLA Rydb. Little red elephant.

956. E. Groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb. [Pedicularis Groenlan-
dica Retz.]. Greenland little red elephant.

Subalpine meadows at Eldora, thence to Arapahoe Peak
above timberline, 8500-12000 ft. (Daniels, 625). Also from
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg) ; Ward (Cockerell).

Greenland and Hudson Bay to British Columbia; Lab-
rador to New Mexico and California.

410. PEDICULARIS L. Lousewort.

957. P. racemosa Dougl. Racemose lousewort.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft.
(Ramaley and Robbins).
Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

958. P. Parryi Gray. Parry's lousewort.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels).
1023). Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

959. P. Grayi A. Nels. [P. procera Gray]. Gray's louse-
wort.

Subalpine slopes at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 644).
Also at Ward (Cockerell).
Wyoming to Colorado.

960. P. scopulonim Gray. Crag lousewort.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
882). Redrock lake, lOioo ft (Ramaley and Robbins).
Colorado.

367] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 2I9

Family loo. PINGUICULACEAE. Dumort. Butterwort

family.

411. UTRICTJLARIA L. Bladderwort.

961. TJ. vulgaris L. Common bladderwort.

Cold marsh near Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
North America: Europe: Asia.

Eamily loi. OROBANCHACEAE. Lindl. Broom-rape

family.

412. THALESIA Raf. Cancer-root.

962. T. fasciculata (Nutt.) Britten [Aphyllon fascicidatum
(Nutt.) Gray]. Clustered cancer-root.

Plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 18). All
the plants collected were parasitic on the roots of Psoralea
tenuiflora Pursh. My plants, as also some collected by Prof.
Cockerell north of Boulder, have larger calyx lobes (5-6 mm.)
than is usual in eastern plants.

Indiana to Yukon ; Colorado to California and Mexico.

962a. T. fasciculata lutea (Parry) Britton. Yellow clus-
tered CANCER-ROOT.

Boulder (W. P. Cockerell).
Range of the type?

Order 39. PLANTAGINALES.
Family 102. PLANTAGINACEAE. Lindl. Plantain family.

413. PLAIITAGO L. Plantain.

963. P. major L. Common plantain.

Waste places and along ditches, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

675).

Cosmopolitan.

964. P. lanceolata L. English plantain. Ribgrass.
Waste places and roadsides, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 793).
Europe and Asia, now cosmopolitan.

965. P. Purshii R. & S. [P. Patagonica gnaphalioides (Nutt.)
Gray]. Pursh's plantain.

I

220 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [368

Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 494).
Ontario to British Columbia; Missouri and Texas to
Arizona and Mexico.

Order 40. RUBIALES.
Family 103. RUBIACEAE. Juss. Madder family.

414. GALITTM L. Bedstraw.

966. Gr. Vaillantii DC. \^G. Aparine Vaillantii Koch]. Vail-
lant's bedstraw.

In gulches and canons, mainly in the shade, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 120).
Montana and British Columbia to Mexico.

967. G. boreale L. Northern bedstraw.

Common on the mesas, foothills and mountainsides, 5600-
8600 ft. (Daniels, 89). Also between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).

Quebec to Alaska; New Jersey to California: Europe:
Asia.

968. G. flaviflorum Heller. Yellow-flowered bedstraw.
In gulches at base of the Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels,

499)-

Colorado to New Mexico.

969. G. triflorum Michx. Fragrant bedstraw.
Canons of the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 466).
Newfoundland to Alaska ; Alabama to California.

Family 104. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Vent. Honeysuckle

family.

415. SAMBUCUS L. Elder.

970. S. microbotrys Rydb. Small-berried elder.

Slopes at Ward, 9200 ft. (Daniels, 306). Also between Sun-
shine and Ward (Rydberg); Spencer Mountain at Eldora ;
Silver lake; foot of Long's Peak; Redrock lake, west of
Ward (Ramaley).

South Dakota to Wyoming; Colorado to Arizona.

369] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 221

971. S. melanocaxpa Gray. Black-berried elder. ^
Sugarloaf Mountain and North Boulder creek (Ramaley).
Alberta to Idaho, Colorado and Oregon.

416. VIBURNTJM L. Arrowwood.

972. V. pauciflorum Pylaie. High-bush cranberry. y
Sugarloaf Mountain (Ramaley). -"^
Labrador to Alaska; Pennsylvania to Colorado and

Alaska.

973. V. Lentago L. Sheepberry. Nannyberry.

Gulch south of Boulder (Rydberg). Also Bluebell Canon,
if indeed the locality is not the same (Ramaley).
Maine to Manitoba ; Georgia to Colorado.

417. LINNAEA Gron. Twin-flower.

974. L. Americana Forbes. American twin-flower.

South Boulder Peak (Rydberg). Also Magnolia; Eldora;
Spencer Mountain at Eldora; foot of Arapahoe Peak; hill
south of Ward (Ramaley).

Greenland to Alaska ; New Jersey and Michigan to Col-
orado and Utah.

418. SYMPHORICARPOS Juss. Snow-berry.

975. S. occidentalis Hook. Western snow-berry.
Abundant on the higher mesas and foothills, 5700-8000 ft.

(Daniels, 94). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
South Boulder creek (Ramaley).

Mackenzie to British Columbia; Michigan and Mis-
souri to Colorado.

976. S. vaccinioides Rydb. Huckleberry Indian currant.
Sugarloaf; foot of Long's Peak (Ramaley).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado to Nevada.

977. S. oreophilus Gray. Mountain Indian currant.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Colorado to Utah ; New Mexico to Arizona.

222 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [S/O

419. DISTEGIA Raf. Fly-honeysuckle.

978. D. involucrata (Richards.) Cockerell [Lonicera involu-
crata (Richards.) Banks]. Involucred fly-honey-
suckle.

Common in cool, deep canons, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 340).
Also from Eldora to Baltimore and in the mountains between
Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg) : Allen's Park; Eldora; Spen-
cer Mountain; Redrock lake; Ward (Ramaley).

Quebec to Alaska; Michigan to California and Mex-
ico.

Family 105. ADOXACEAE. Fritch. Moschatel family.

420. ALOXA L. Moschatel.

979. A. Moschatellina L. Musk-root.
Boulder Canon (Rydberg).

Arctic America to Wisconsin and Colorado: Europe:
Asia.

Order 41. CAM PAN UL ALES.

Family 106. CUCURBIT ACE AE. Juss. Gourd family.

421. MICRAMPELIS Raf. Balsam apple.

980. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene [Echinocystis lobata
(Michx.) T. & G.]. Wild balsam apple.

Fence-rows and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 743)-
Maine to Montana ; Virginia to Colorado.

Family 107. CAMPANULACEAE. Juss. Bellflower family.

422. CAMPANTJLA L. Bellflower. Harebell.

Bluebell.

981. C. uniflora L. Arctic harebell.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

938).

Arctic-alpine in the Northern Hemisphere.

982. C. Panyi Gray. Parry^s harebell.

Foothills and mountain slopes, 6500-9000 ft. (Daniels, loi).

37 1] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 223

Also from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Utah ; New Mexico to Arizona.

983. C. petiolata DC. Western bluebell.

Abundant throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 27). Red-
rock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Mackenzie to Washington; New Mexico to Utah.

423. SPECULARIA Heist. Venus's looking-glass.

984. S. perfoliata (L.) A. D C. \Lego7izia perfoliata (L.)
Britton]. Common Venus's looking-glass.

Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 56).

Maine and Ontario to British Columbia; Florida to
Arizona and Oregon ; Mexico.

985. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray [Legouaia leptocarpa (Nutt.)
Britton]. Western Venus's looking-glass.

Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, 5600-6000 ft. (Daniels,
192).
Missouri to Montana; Texas to Colorado.

Family 108. LOBELIACEAE. Dumort. Lobelia family.

424. LOBEHA L. Lobelia.

986. L. syphilitica Ludoviciana A. D C. Louisiana great

BLUE LOBELIA.

Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 784).

Louisiana and South Dakota to Colorado.

Order 42. VALERIANALES.
Family 109. VALERIANACEAE. Batsch. Valerian family.

425. VALERIANA L. Valerian.

987. V. ceratophylla (Hook.) Piper [V- edulis Nutt.]. Ed-
ible VALERIAN.

Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 626).
Idaho to Montana; Colorado to Utah.

\y

224 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [372

Order 43. CARDUALES.
Family no. AMBROSIACEAE. Reich. Ragweed family.

426. rVA L. Marsh -ELDER.

988. I. xanthiifolia (Fresen.) Nutt. Burweed marsh-elder.
Common on the plains along streams, and in waste places,

and following the larger streams several miles into the foot-
hills and mountains, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 821). Also in
Sunset Canon (Rydberg).

Michigan and Saskatchewan to Washington ; Nebraska
to New Mexico.

989. I. axillaris Pursh. Small-flowered marsh-elder.

Railroads and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 832).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Oklahoma to Cal-
ifornia.

427. AMBROSIA L. Ragweed.

990. A. trifida L. Great ragweed. Horse-cane.
Common along streams and in low waste places, 5100-6000

ft. (Daniels, 378).
Quebec to Assiniboia ; Florida to Colorado.

990a. A. trifida integrifola (Muhl.) T. & G. Entire-leaved
ragweed.
With the preceding (Daniels, 596).
Range of the type?

991. A. artemisiaefolia L. Common ragweed.
Waste places and fields, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 520).
Nova Scotia to British Columbia; Florida to Colorado.

992. A. psilostachya DC. Western ragweed.

On the plains, especially along railroads, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 516). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).

Michigan to Saskatchewan and Idaho; Louisiana to
California and Mexico.

428. GAERTNERIA Med.

993. G. tomentosa (Nutt.) Heller [Franscria discolor Nutt.].

373 j flora of boulder, colorado 22$

Woolly Gaertneria.
Along railroads in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 510).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Kansas to New Mexico.

429. XANTHIUM L. Cocklebur.

994. Z. commune Britten. Common Cocklebur.

Along streams and in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. fDaniels,

695).

Quebec and New York to Utah and Arizona.

Family iii. CARDUACEAE. Necker. Thistle family.

430. EUPATORIUM L. Thoroughwort.

995. E. maculatum L. Spotted Joe-Pye weed.

Springy gulch at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5800-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 801).

New York to British Columbia ; Kentucky to New
Mexico.

431. KUHNIA L.

9953^. K. Hitchcockii A. Nels. Hitchcock's Kuhnia.

Marshall, collected by E. Bethel, (J. C. Arthur, in Mycol-
ogia, Nov., 1909, p. 233). Host of a fungus, Puccinia Kuhn-
iae Schw.

Kansas to Colorado.

996. K. glutinosa Ell. [K. enpatorioides corymbidosa T. & G.].
Sticky Kuhnia.

Frequent on the plains, mesas, and lower foothills, 5100-6500
ft. (Daniels, 686).

Illinois to Montana ; Kentucky to Colorado.

997. K. Gooddingii A. Nels. Goodding's Kuhnia.

Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 727). The type
is from West Dry Creek, Larimer County, Colorado.
Colorado to Texas and Arizona.

432. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Brickellia.

998. C. minor (Gray) Daniels. Nov. comb. [Brickellia grandi-
flora minor Gray; C. iimhellatus Greene; C. congestus
A. Nels.]. Umbellate Brickellia.

Common on the foothills and mountains, 5800-10000 ft.

1/

226 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [374

(Daniels, 551). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

999. C. albicaulis Rydb. White-stemmed Brickellia.
Among rocks and in rocky cafions in the foothills, 6000-8500

ft. (Daniels, 822).
Colorado to New Mexico and Utah.

433. LACINIAEIA Hill. Blazing-star. Button-

snakeroot.

1000. L. punctata (Hook.) Kuntze [Liatris punctata Hook.].
Dotted blazing-star.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and meadows on the foot-
hills and mountains, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 615). Also in the
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydb.). Very varia-
ble; an extreme form, gathered in alkali flats near Boulder
lake, (Daniels, 768) simulates L. acidota (Engelm. & Gray)
Kuntze.

Iowa to Saskatchewan and Montana ; Texas to Ari-
zona.
looi, L. ligulistylis A. Nels. Purple-bracted blazing-star.

Bear Cafion, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 758).

Saskatchewan to Colorado.

434. GUTIERREZIA Lag.

1002. G. longifolia Greene. Long-leaved Gutierrezia.
Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

595).

Colorado to New Mexico and Utah.

1003. G. scoparia Rydb. Broom Gutierrezia.
Plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 984).
Wyoming to Colorado.

435. GRINDELIA Willd. Gum plant.

1004. G. Texana Scheele. Texan gum plant.
Lower Boulder Caiion (Rydberg).

Texas to New Mexico and Colorado.

1005. G. semilata Rydb. Serrulate gum plant.

375] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 22/

Very abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-
7000 ft. (Daniels, 385).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1005a. G. sermlata Rydb. X G. perennis A. Nels.

Plants apparently intermediate between this species and the
next were found on the plains in Boulder (Daniels, 837).

1006. G. perennis A. Nels. Perennial gum plant.
Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 836).
Saskatchewan to Idaho and Colorado.

1007. G. erecta A. Nels. Erect gum plant.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1008. G. subalpina Greene. Subalpine gum plant.
Common at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 845). Also at

Boulder (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1009. G. Eldorae Daniels, Nov. sp. Eldora gum plant.
Plant glabrous, apparently biennial, 3 dm. tall, branched

from, or near the base, the secondary branches 1-2 headed;
radical and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long,
slender-petioled, remotely toothed or incised ; upper cauline
leaves, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, small and bract-like,
slightly toothed, subentire, or entire, 1-3 cm. long, 5-8 mm.
wide; heads copiously glutinous, i-i^ cm. broad; bracts num-
erous, narrow, the tips squarrose-spreading; rays numerous,
1-3 mm. wide, barbules of the pappus plainly obvious.

Eldora, 8500-8700 ft. (Daniels, 859).

Plant near G. subalpina Greene, but differing in its smaller,
narrower and less prominently toothed or entire leaves, and
especially in its smaller heads, which are only about one-half
as broad.

436. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Golden aster.
loio. C. hirsTitissima Greene. Hairiest golden aster.

Plains between Boulder and Marshall along railroad, 5400
ft. (Daniels, 1024).

228 UNIVEKSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [3/6

North Dakota to Saskatchewan ; Colorado to Arizona.
ioio>4. C. foliosa Nutt. Leafy golden aster.

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).

Minnesota to Washington ; Kansas to Colorado.
loii. C. caudata Rydb. Caudate golden aster.

Mesas, foothills, and mountain slopes, common, 5700-9000
ft. (Daniels, 356).

Colorado.

10 1 2. C. villosa (Pursh) Nutt. Villous golden aster.
Abundant on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,

I).
Minnesota to Idaho; Texas to New Mexico.

1013. C. amplifolia Rydb. Ample-leaved golden aster.
Foothills and mountain slopes, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 687).

Also at Ward, and Longmont (Rydb.).
Colorado.

1014. C. Bakeri Greene [C. incana Greene; C. compacta
Greene] . Baker's golden aster.

Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 862). A
plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which appears interme-
diate between this and the preceding.

Montana and Idaho to New Mexico.

1015. C. arida A. Nels. Arid golden aster.
Boulder (Rydb.).

Kansas to Montana; New Mexico to Arizona.

10 16. C. resinolens A. Nels. Resinous golden aster.
Plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 293).
Wyoming to Colorado.

ioi6a. C. resinolens obtusata A. Nels. Ortuse-leaved resi-
nous golden aster.

Foot of the Flat-irons, and mountainsides at Eldora, 6000-
9000 ft. (Daniels, 809). Also mountains between Sunshine
and Ward (Rydberg).

Range of the type, but usually at liighcr altitudes.

1017. C. hispida (Hook.) Nutt. [C. villosa hispida Gray].
Hispid golden aster.

37?] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 229

Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 831).
Saskatchewan to Alberta; New Mexico to Arizona.

1018. C. Cooperi A. Nels. Cooper's golden aster.

Long's Peak near timberline, the type locality, (A. Nels).
Colorado.

437. CHRYSOTHAMNTJS Nutt. Rabbit-brush.

1019. C. Panyi (Gray) Greene [Bigelovia Parryi Gray].
Parry's rabbit-brush.

Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 866).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1020. C. graveolens (Nutt.) Greene [C. nauseosus graveo-
lens (Nutt.) Piper]. Heavy-scented rabbit-brush.

Mesa south of the Chautauqua grounds, Boulder, (Rama-
ley).

Nebraska to A^Iontana; New Mexico to Utah.

102 1. C. pulcherrimus A. Nels. Fairest rabbit-brush.
Alkali flat east of Boulder near Owen's lake, 5200-5300 ft.

(Daniels, 663).

Montana to Colorado.
102 1 a. C. pulcherrimus fasciculatus A. Nels. Fasciculate
rabbit-brush.

Boulder creek, the type locality (A. Nels.).

1022. C. elegans Greene. Handsome rabbit-brush.
Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8700 ft. (Daniels, 867).
Colorado.

438. SIDERANTH¥S Nutt. Star-flower.

1023. S. annuus Rydb. Annual star-flower.
Arapahoe Road east of Boulder, 5300 ft. (Daniels, 726).
Nebraska and Colorado to Texas.

1024. S. spinulosus (Pursh) Sweet [Aplopappus spinulosus
(Pursh) DC.]. Spinulose star-flower.

Frequent on the plains, 5100-5700 ft. (Daniels, 473).
Minnesota to Saskatchewan and Montana; Texas to
Arizona.

439. PYRROCOMA Nutt.

1025. P. crocea f Gray) Greene [A. croc eits Gray']. Yellow

230 university of missouri studies [378

Pyrrocoma.
Boulder (Rydb.).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

440. OREOCHRYSUM Rydb. Mountain gold.

1026. 0. Paxryi (Gray) Rydb. [Aplopappus Parryi Gray].
Parry's mountain gold.

Slopes of Green Mt. ; common in the mountains at Eldora,
ascending on Arapahoe Peak to the timberline, 7000-1 looo ft.
(Daniels, 752). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydb.).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. .

441. TONESTUSA. Nels.

1027. T. pygmaeus (T. 8: G.) A. Nels. [Aplopappus pygmaeus
(T. & G.) Gray; Macronema pygmaeum (T. & G.)
Greene]. Pygmy Tonestus.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 917).

Wyoming to Colorado.

442. SOLIDAGO L. Golden rod.

1028. S. decumbens Greene [S. humilis nana Gray]. Decum-
bent golden rod.

Barren ridges at Glacier lake, and above timberline on
Arapahoe Peak, 9000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 641).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1028a. S. decumbens minuescens A. Nels. Dwarf decum-
bent golden rod.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Range of the type.

1029. S. oreophila Rydb. [S. Jinniilis Pattersonii Gandoger].
Mountain-loving golden rod.

Abundant on the foothills and mountains, 6000-1 lOOO ft.
(Daniels, 529). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Mackenzie to Colorado.

1030. S. dilatata A. Nels. Open-topped golden rod.

379] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 23 1

Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Ac-
cording to A. Nelson authentic specimens have been found
from the type locality only, Yellowstone Park.

Wyoming to Colorado.

1 03 1. S. pallida (Porter) Rydb. [S. speciosa pallida Porter].
Pale golden rod.

Mesa at foot of Flagstaff Hill, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 802).
Also Lower Boulder Canon (Rydberg).
North Dakota and Nebraska to Colorado.

1032. S. viseidula Rydb. Viscid golden rod.

High mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5900-8600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 375).
Colorado.

1033. S. glaberrima Martens. Smoothest golden rod.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 616).

Michigan to Alberta and Idaho ; Missouri to Texas and
Arizona.

1034. S. concinna A. Nels. [S. Missouriensis extraria Gray].
Stout Missouri golden rod.

Plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 977).
Alberta to British Columbia and Colorado.

1035. S. Pitcheri Nutt. Pitcher's golden rod.

Along ditches and streams in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 505).

Minnesota to Washington ; Arkansas to Colorado.

1036. S. polyphylla Rydb. Many-leaved golden rod.
Along streams in the foothills, especially frequent in Greg-
ory Canon, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 823).

British Columbia and Washington to New Mexico.

1037. S. Canadensis L. Common golden rod.
Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000 ft. (Daniels, 557).
Labrador to Mackenzie; Florida to Colorado.

1038. S. gilvocanescens Rydb. [S. Canadensis gilvocanescens
Rydb.]. Yellowish-gray golden rod.

232 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [380

Alkali flats and dry plains about Boulder lake and Owen's
lake, 5100-5300 ft. (Daniels, 782).

Minnesota to North Dakota ; Nebraska to Colorado.

1039. S. nana Nutt. Dwarf golden rod.

Dry slopes of Green Mountain, 6000-8100 ft. (Daniels, 825).
An allied form occurs on the plains.
Montana to Colorado and Arizona.

1040. S. pulcherrima A. Nels. Prettiest golden rod.
Common on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 983). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Minnesota to North Dakota; Colorado to Arizona.

104 1. S. radulina Rydb. Harsh-leaved golden rod.
Plains, mesas, foothills and mountains, frequent, 5600-8000

ft. (Daniels, 753). Also at Meadow Park (Rydberg).
Colorado to Utah.

1042. S. trinervata Greene. Three-nerved golden rod.
Boulder Caiion, ascending at least as far as the Falls, 5500-

7000 ft. (Daniels, 553).

South Dakota to Wyoming; Colorado to Arizona.

1043. S- mollis Bartl. [S. nemoralis incana Gray]. Hoary
golden rod.

Mesas at foot of the Flat-irons, and foothills along Boulder
Cafion, 5500-8000 ft. (Daniels, 574).

North Dakota to Montana ; Texas to Colorado.

443. OLIGONEURON Small.

1044. 0. canescens Rydb. [Solidago rigida humilis Porter].
Hoary stiff golden rod.

Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 781).
Saskatchewan to Montana ; Nebraska to Colorado.

444. TOWNSENDIA Hook.

1045. T. grandiflora Nutt. Large-flowered Townsendia.
Common in rough hilly places throughout, 5100-8600 ft.

(Daniels, 41).

38 1 J FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 233

South Dakota to Wyoming; Oklahoma to Colorado.

1046. T. exscapa (Richardson) Porter [T. sericca Hook.].
Silky Townsendia.

Common at Boulder (Cockerell).

Saskatchewan to Montana; Texas to New Mexico.

445. EUCEPHALUS Nutt.

1047. ^- Engelmannii (Gray) Greene [Aster Engehnannii
Gray]. Engelmann's aster.

In canons about Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Daniels, 841).
Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to Washing-
ton.

1048. E. glaucus Nutt. [Aster glaucus (Nutt.) T. & G.].
Glaucous aster.

Hills adjoining Boulder Cafion, and on the slopes of Green
Mountain, local, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 569). Also moun-
tains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

446. ASTER L. Starwort.

1049. A. Fnderwoodii Rydb. Underwood's aster.

Caiions and mountain sides at Eldora, 8500-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1025). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1050. A. Nelsonii Greene. Nelson's aster.

Subalpine valley at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 861).
Wyoming to Color.\do.

105 1. A. violaceus Greene. Violet aster.
Cafions at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 554).

COLOrL\DO.

1052. A. exiguus (Fern.) Rydb. [A. ciliatus Muhl.] Ciliate
aster.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 999). Also in Sunset Cafion (Rydb.).

Vermont to Washington ; Pennsylvania to Arizona and
Mexico.

234 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [382

1053. A. crassulus Rydb. Thickish aster.

Sunset Canon; common on the plains, 5100-80GO ft. (Dan-
iels, 720).

North Dakota to Idaho; Colorado to California. (?)

1054. A. polycephalus Rydb. Many-headed aster.
Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1000).

Alberta to Nebraska ; Texas to Arizona.

1055. A. commutatus Gray [A. incanopilosus (Lindl.) Shel-
• don]. White prairie aster.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 717).

Minnesota to Wyoming; Kansas to Nevada.

1056. A. laevis L. Smooth aster.

Caiions and wooded slopes on the foothills, 5800-8000 ft.
(Daniels, 685).
Ontario to Saskatchewan ; Louisiana to New Mexico.

1057. A. Porteri Gray. Porter's aster.

Abundant throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Daniels, 697). Also
mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Very va-
riable; an extreme form, only i-i^dm., high, was col-
lected on bare ridges at Glacier lake.

Colorado.

1058. A laetevirens Greene. Light-green-leaved aster.
Canons at Eldora, 8600-8700 ft. (Daniels, 858).
Colorado and Wyoming.

1059. A. coerulescens DC. [A. salicifolius coerulescens (DC.)
Gray]. Caerulean aster.

Swales in the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 995).
Wyoming to Texas.

1060. A. Osterhoutii Rydb. Osterhout's aster.

About lakes and swales and along ditches in the plains,
5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 779).
Colorado.

383] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 235

106 1. A. adscendens Lindl. Ascending aster.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
AssiNiBOiA to Colorado and Nevada.

1062. A. Andrewsii A. Nels. Andrews's aster.
Near Eldora, 9500 ft., the type locaHty (Nelson).
Colorado.

1063. A. Eatonii (Gray) Howell [A. foliacens Eatonii Gray;
Brachyactis hybrida Greene] . Eaton's aster.

Banks of Boulder creek, 5400 ft. (Daniels, 592).
Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

447. MACHAERANTHERA Nees.

1064. M. Bigelovii (Gray) Greene [Aster Bigelovii Gray],

BiGELOW's ASTER.

Common on the plains and foothills, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels,

724).

Colorado to New Mexico.

1064^. M. varians Greene. Varying aster.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and Robbins).
Colorado to New Mexico.

1065. M. coronopifolia (Nutt.) A. Nels. Wart-cress-leaved

ASTER.

Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 1026).

South Dakota to Montana ; Texas to Arizona.

1066. M. aspera Greene. Harsh aster.

High slopes of Green Mountain, 7500-8100 ft. (Daniels,
209). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Colorado.

1067. M. Pattersonii (Gray) Greene [Aster Pattersofiii Gr2iy].
Patterson's aster.

Caribou (Rydberg).
Colorado.
448. ERIGERON L. Fleabane.

1068. E. lonchopliyllus Hook. Lance-leaved fleabane.

236 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [384

Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 856).
Saskatchewan to Montana; Colorado to Nevada.

1069. E. minor (Hook.) Rydb. Smaller fleabane.
Aspen bogs at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels. 1027).
Saskatchewan to British Columbia ; Colorado to Utah.

1070. E. jucundus Greene [E. acris debilis Gray; E. debilis
Rydb.]. Pleasant fleabane.

Massif de 1' Arapahoe, and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd-
berg).

Hudson Bay to British Columbia; Colorado to Utah.

1071. E. pinnatisectus (Gray) A. Nels. [E. compositus pin-
natisectus Gray]. Pinnate fleabane.

South of Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1072. E. compositus Piirsh. Composite fleabane.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg). Long's

Peak (Porter & Coulter; Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Montana to Yukon ; Colorado to Washington.

1073. E. multifidus Rydb. Multifid fleabane.

Ridges at Glacier lake, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 307). Also
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Sugarloaf Moun-
tain (Cockerell).

AssiNiBOiA to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

1074. E. trifidus Plook. [E. compositus trifidiis (Hook.)
Gray]. Three-parted fleabane.

Mountains about Ward, 9000-9500 ft. (Daniels, 757).
Alberta and British Columbia to Colorado.

1075. E. melanocephalus A. Nels. [E. oreocharis Greene].
Black-headed fleabane.

Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 1T000-12000
ft. (Daniels, 898). Also at Caribou (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1076. E. simplex Greene [E. uniflonis Auct.]. Simple
fleabane.

Wet tundras, Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000

385] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 237

ft. (Daniels, 1008).

Labrador and Arctic America to Alaska; Colorado to
California : Europe.

1077. E. leucotrichus Rydb. White-haired fleabane.
Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

875). Also at Caribou (Rydberg). Probably to be united
with the preceding, of which it seems but a larger form.
Wyoming to Colorado.

1078. E. glandulosus Porter. Glandular fleabane.

High and bare ridges above Sunset between Sugarloaf
Mountain and Glacier lake, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 642).
Also Boulder Canon (Porter and Coulter).

Wyoming to Colorado.

10785^. E. pumilus Nutt. Small fleabane.

St. Vrain creek (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
North Dakota to Washington ; Kansas to Utah.

1079. E. salsuginosus (Richardson) Gray. Broad-rayed
fleabane.

Along Arapahoe Trail to Arapahoe Peak above timberline,
9000-1200 ft. (Daniels, 873). Redrock lake, loioo ft. Ramaley
& Robbins).

Alberta to Alaska ; Colorado to California.

1079a. E. salsuginosus glacialis (Nutt.) Gray. Ice fleabane.

At Caribou (Rydberg). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Rama-
ley and Robbins).

Wyoming to New Mexico and Utah.

1080. E. superbus Greene. Superb fleabane.

Rich slopes of Green Mountain, 7000-8100 ft. (Daniels,
973). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

Colorado.

1081. E. salicinus Rydb. Willow fleabane.

Boulder Canon on the hill slopes, 5700 ft. (Daniels, 288).
Colorado.

238 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [386

1082. E. macranthus Nutt. Large-flowered fleabane.
Common in the foothills and mountains, 6500-10000 ft.

(Daniels, 472). Also at Smiset, and from Eldora to Balti-
more (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado and Utah to
Oregon.

1082a. E. macranthus minis A. Nelson. Wonderful flea-
bane.

Boulder County, the type locality (Nelson).

1083. E. speciosus D C. Showy fleabane.
Mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Montana to Washington ; Colorado and Utah to

Oregon.

1084. E. subtrinervis Rydb. Three-nerved fleabane.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 646).
South Dakota and Wyoming to New Mexico.

1085. E. eximius Greene. Choice fleabane.

Boulder Canon above the Falls and on mountainsides at
Eldora, 7000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 860). Also from Eldora to
Baltimore (Rydberg).

Colorado.

1086. E. Smithii Rydb. Smith's fleabane.

Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 865).
Colorado.

1087. E. ramosus (Walt.) B. S. P. [E. strigosus Muhl.].
Common fleabane.

Fields and waste places on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,

570).

Nova Scotia to British Columbia; Florida to Cali-
fornia.

1088. E. Bellidastnim Nutt. Daisy fleabane.

Mesas at foot of Flat-irons, 5700-6000 ft. (Daniels, 691).
South Dakota to Wyoming; Kansas to Arizona.

1089. E. divergens T. & G. Divergent fleabane.

387] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 239

Plains and mesas about Boulder and Marshall, 5100-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 435).
Nebraska to Washington ; Texas to California.

1090. E. flagellaris Gray [E. stolonifer Greene]. Stolon-

IFEROUS FLEABANE.

Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 3).
South Dakota to Wyoming; New Mexico to Utah.

4481/2. WYOMINGIA A. Nels. Mountain daisy.

1091. W. cana (Gray). A. Nels. [Erigeron canus Gray].
Hoary mountain daisy.

Sunset Canon (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Wyoming; Nebraska to New Mexico.

449. LEPTILON Raf. Horseweed.

1092. L. Canadense (L.) Britton [Erigeron Canadensis L.].
Common horseweed.

Fields and waste places, common, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels,

585).

North America, thence spreading throughout the world.

1092a. L. Canadense pusillum (Nutt.) Daniels. Nov. comb.
[Erigeron pusillus Nutt.]. Dwarf horseweed.
The common form of the foothills, i/o-i dm. high, and but
few-flowered, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 694).

450. ANTENNAEIA Gaertn. Everlasting. Cat's-

foot.

1093. A. media Greene. Medium cat's-foot.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1005).
Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

1094. A. umbrinella Rydb. Umber cat's-foot.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 11000-12000 ft. (Daniels,

932).

Montana and Idaho to Colorado.

1095. A. conciima E. Nels.

240

UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [388

Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels. 304).
Colorado to Utah.

1096. A. rosea (D. C. Eaton) Greene. Rosy cat's-foot.
Common throughout the foothills and mountains, and de-
scending to the mesas and plains along gulches, 5700-9000 ft.
(Daniels, 775). Also North Boulder Peak and from Eldora
to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Alberta to Yukon ; Colorado to California.

1097. A. imbricata E. Nels. Imbricate cat's-foot.

At timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,

934)-

Montana to Colorado and Utah.

1098. A. corymbosa A. Nels. [A. nardina Greene]. Corym-
bed cat's-foot.

Alpine forest at Ward, 9000-9300 ft. (Daniels, 305).
Montana and Oregon to Colorado.

1099. A. parvifolia Nutt. [A. formosa Greene; A. microphylla
Rydb.]. Small-leaved cat's-foot.

Common on barren knolls throughout, 5100-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 702).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Nebraska to New-
Mexico.

1 100. A. oxyphylla Greene. Sharp-leaved cat's-foot.
Common on the mesas, foothills, and mountains, 5700-10000

ft. (Daniels, 115).

South Dakota to Montana ; Nebraska to Colorado.

iioi. A. apnea Greene. Sunny cat's-foot.

Mountains at Ward, a dwarf form, 4 cm. high, 9000-9300 ft.
(Daniels, 1028). Also Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Piper,
however, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 11, 605. makes this species
identical with A. parvifolia Nutt.

South Dakota to Alberta ; New Mexico to Utah.
1 102. A. marginata Greene. Marginate cat's-foot.

Foothills along Boulder Caiion, 6500-8000 ft. (Daniels,
1029). The plants have leaves glabrous and bright green

389] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 24 1

above.

Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

1103. A. pulcherrima (Hook.) Greene [A. Carpathica pul-
cherrima Hook.]. Fairest cat^s-foot.

Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).

Saskatchewan and Yukon to Washington and Colo-
rado.

1 104. A. anaphaloides Rydb. False pearly everlasting.
Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg).

Montana and Oregon to California.

451. ANAPHALIS D C. Pearly everlasting.

1105. A. subalpina (Gray) Rydb. [A. margaritacea subalpina
Gray]. Subalpine pearly everlasting.

Common throughout the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000
ft. (Daniels, 552). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).

South Dakota to British Columbia ; Colorado to Cal-
ifornia.

452. GNAPHALIUM L. Cudweed.

1 106. G. Wrightii Gray. Wright's cudweed.

Boulder Canon near Falls, 7400 ft. (Daniels, 1030). Also
Meadow Park and at Lyons (Rydberg).

Colorado and New Mexico to California and Mexico.

1 107. G. sulphurescens Rydb. Sulphurescent cudweed.
Boulder (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Washington ; Texas to New Mexico.

1 108. G. palustre Nutt. Marsh cudweed.

Aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 711).
Montana to British Columbia; Colorado to California.

453. GYMNOLOMIA H. B. K.

1 109. G. multiflora (Nutt.) B. & H. Many-flowered Gym-
nolomia.

Boulder Caiion near the Falls, at Eldora, and in Sunset
Cafion, 6000-10000 ft. (Daniels, 565). Also between Sunshine

242 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [39O

and Ward (Rydberg).

Montana to Nevada ; New Mexico to Arizona.

454. RUDBECKIA L. Cone-flower.

1 1 10. R. flava Moore. Yellow cone-flower.
On the plains and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 428).
North Dakota and Wyoming to Colorado.

mi. R. laciniata L. Gray-headed cone-flower.
Golden glow.

Common along streams, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 561).
Quebec to Idaho ; Florida to Arizona.

455. RATIBIDA Raf.

11 12. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don [Lepachys coluninaris
(Sims) T. & G.]. Long-headed cone-flower.

Abundant on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
21).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Tennessee to
Texas, Arizona and Mexico.

1112a. R. columnaris pulcherrima (D C.) D. Don. Brown
long-headed cone-flower.

With the type but much less frequent, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 201).

Range of the type.

456. WYETHIA Nutt.

1 113. W. amplexicaulis Nutt. Clasping-leaved wyethia.
Arapahoe Pass (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to Nevada.

457. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower.

1 114. H. lenticularis Dougl. Common sunflower.
Plains, mesas and lower foothills, especially in denuded

soils, 5100-7000 ft. (Daniels, 400).

North Dakota to Idaho; Texas to Arizona.
1114a. H. lenticularis coronatus Cockerell. Red-streaked

SUNFLOWER.

Found by Mrs. T. D. A. Cockerell near her home in Boulder.

391 1 FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 243

1 1 15. H. petiolaris Nutt. Petioled sunflower.
Common in waste places and denuded soils throughout ex-
cept in the alpine region, 5100-9500 ft. (Daniels, 67). Also
from Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Minnesota and Saskatchewan to Oregon ; Texas to Cal-
ifornia.

1115a. H. petiolaris phenax Cockerell.
Boulder, the type locality (Cockerell).

1 1 16. H. subrhomboideus Rydb. Subrhomboid sunflower.
Locally frequent on the mesas fronting the Flat-irons, 5700-

6000 ft. (Daniels, 656).

Manitoba to Montana; Nebraska to Colorado.

1 1 17. H. pumilus Nutt. Dwarf sunflower.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft.
(Daniels, 59).
Wyoming and Colorado.

1 1 18. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Coarsely toothed sun-
flower.

Lowlands and stream-flats in the plains, 5100-5400 ft. (Dan-
iels, 670).

New York to Wyoming; Pennsylvania to Texas and
Colorado.

1 1 19. H. fascicularia Greene [H. giganteus Utahensis D. C.
Eaton; H. Utahensis A. Nelson]. Utah sunflower.

Boulder (Rydberg).

Assiniboia to Alberta ; Colorado to Arizona.

458. HELIANTHELLA T. & G.

1 120. H. quinquenervis Gray. Five-ribbed false sunflower.
In canons and on rich mountain slopes at Eldora and along

the Arapahoe Trail. 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 843). Also El-
dora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Idaho and Colorado.

459. VERBESINA L. Crownbeard.

1 121. V. exauriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Cockerell [Verhesina

244 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394

encclioides exauriculata Rob. & Greenm. ; Ximenesia
exaiiriculata (Rob. & Greenm.) Rydb.]. Western

CROWNBEARD.

Boulder (Rydberg). In great abundance near Lafayette
(Cockerell).
Montana to Texas and Arizona.

460. BIDENS L. Bur-marigold.

1122. B. VTilgata Greene. Common sticktights.

Along ditches and in low grounds, 5100-5500 ft. (Daniels,
788).

Ontario to British Columbia ; North Carolina to Cali-
fornia.

ii2'3. B .glaucesens Greene. Glaucescent bur-marigold.

Along ditches and streams and in swales, 5100-5500 ft. (Dan-
iels, 667). Hardly glaucescent as it occurs about Boulder.

Saskatchewan to Montana; Kansas to Colorado.

112^/2. B. tenuisecta Gray. Western Spanish needles.
Marshall lake (W. W. Robbins).
Colorado to Idaho ; Texas to Arizona and Mexico.

461. THELESPERMA Less.

1 124. T. gracile Gray. Slender Thelesperma.
Common on the plains and mesas, and occurring also on the

open mountain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 233). Also
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Nebraska to Colorado; Missouri and Texas to Arizona.

462. PICRADENIOPSIS Rydb.

1 125. P. oppositifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. [Bahia oppositifolia
Nutt.]. Opposite-leaved Bahia.

Boulder (Rydberg).

South Dakota to Montana; Texas to Arizona.

463. BAHIA Lag.

1126. B. dissecta (Gray) Britton [B. chrysantJicmoides Gray].
Fine-leaved Bahia.

Infrequent along caiions, 6000-9000 ft. (Daniels, 719). Also

393] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 245

mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona.

464. TETRANEURIS Greene.

1 127. T. lanigera Daniels, Nov. nom. [Actinella lanata Nutt.^
1841 ; not Pursh, 1814; Tetraneuris lanata (Nutt.)
Greene]. Woolly actinella.

Barren ridges between Sunset and Glacier lake, 7000-gooO'
ft. (Daniels, 643), Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley and
Robbins). Pursh's A. lanata equals EriopJiyllum lanatum
(Pursh) Forbes, a plant of the Pacific coast, hence a new
name is necessary for Nuttall's plant. If AcH7iea ]viS'^. should
replace Tetraneuris Greene (as the new Gray's Manual main-
tains), our plant becomes Actinea lanigera Daniels.

Wyoming and Colorado.

465. RYDBERGIA Greene.

1 128. E. grandiflora (T. & G.) Greene [Actinella grandiflora
T. & G.]. Large-flowered Rydbergia.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-13500 ft. (Daniels,
878). Also mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
Montana to New Mexico and California.

466. HELENIUM L. Sneezeweed.

1 129. H. montanum Nutt. Mountain sneezeweed.

Along ditches and streams in the plains east of Boulder,
5100-5400 ft. (Daniels, 780).

Minnesota and Saskatchewan to Washington ; Mississ-
ippi to Colorado.

467. GAILLARDIA Foug.

1 1 30. G. aristata Pursh. Awned Gaillardia.

Common on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.
(Daniels, '^y).

Saskatchewan to British Columbia ; Colorado to Ore-
gon.

468. BOEBERA Willd.

246 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [394

1131. B. papposa (Vent.) Rydb. [Dysodia chrysanthemoidcs
Lag.]. Fetid marigold.

Roadsides, waste places and sandy stream flats, 5100-7000 ft.
(Daniels, 594). Also at Lyons (Rydberg).
Ohio to Montana ; Arkansas to Arizona and Mexico.

469. ANTHEMIS L. Mayweed.

1 132. A. Cotula L. Common mayweed.

Yards and waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 593).
Europe, thence to North America.

470. ACHILLEA L. Yarrow.

1133. A. lanulosa Nutt. \A. Millefolium lanulosa (Nutt.)
Piper]. Woolly yarrow.

Open grounds throughout, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 360).
Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Ontario to Yukon; Oklahoma to California and Mex-
ico.

4701/2. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Oxeye daisy.

11335^, C. Leucanthemum L. Common oxeye daisy.
Bluebird Mine, in quantity, 1910 (Miss Pearl Turner).
Europe, thence to North America.

471. ARTEMISIA L. Wormwood. Sage-brush. Mug-

wort.

1 134. A. dracunculoides Pursh. Prairie mugwort.
Abundant on the plains, mesas and foothills, 5100-8000 ft.

(Daniels, 833).
Montana to Idaho ; Texas to California.

1 135. A. Scouleriana (Besser) Rydb. [A. desertorum Scoii-
leriana Besser]. Scouler's sage.

Gregory Canon and adjacent mesas and foothills, 5600-8000
ft. (Daniels, 612).

British Columbia to Colorado.

11 36. A. Forwoodii S. Wats. For wood's sage.

Abundant on the plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-7500 ft.
(Daniels, 992).

395] FLORA OF BOULDEK, COLORADO 247

AssiNiBOiA to Montana and New Mexico.

1 137. A. spithamaea Pursh. Alpine mugwort.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, iiooo- 12500 ft. (Daniels,

920).

Labrador to Alaska and Colorado.

1 1 38. A. frigida Willd. Barrens sage.

Common in dry open places throughout, 5100-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 451).
Hudson Bay to Alaska ; Texas to Utah.

1 139. A. scopulorum Gray. Rocky Mountain sage.
Mountains south of Ward (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

1 140. A. biennis Willd. Biennial wormwood.
Boulder Canon at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 846).

Nova Scotia to Mackenzie ; Pennsylvania to California.

1 141. A. saxicola Rydb. [A. Chamissoniana saxatilis Besser].
Rock sage.

Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1 142. A. silvicola Osterh. Sylvan sage,

Subalpine slopes and valleys at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels,
996).

Colorado to New Mexico.

1 143. A. gnaphalodes Nutt. Cudweed sage.

Common on the plains, mesas, foothills, and lower moun-
tain slopes, 5100-9000 ft. (Daniels, 755). The original spell-
ing of the specific name is as above, though the word should
have been gnaphalioides.

North Dakota to Wyoming; Arkansas to Colorado;
naturalized eastward to New York and Ontario.

1144. A. Brittonii Rydb. Britton's sage.

Plains, mesas, and foothills, 5100-8000 ft. (Daniels, 967).
Colorado to Utah.

1 145. A. diversifolia Rydb. Diverse-leaved sage.
Valleys in the foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 966).

248 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [396

Idaho to British Columbia; Colorado to Washington.

1 146. A. tridentata Nutt. Common sage-brush.

Barren monntain slopes near Bluebird Mine, between
Glacier lake and Eldora, 8500-9500 ft. (Daniels).

Nebraska and Montana to British Columbia; Colorado
to California.

472. PETASITES Tourn. Sweet coltsfoot.

1147. P. sagittata (Pursh) Gray. Arrow-leaved sweet
coltsfoot.

Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg). Eldora lake, May, 19 10
(W. W. Robbins).
Labrador to Alaska; Minnesota to Colorado.

473. ARNICA L. Arnica.

1148. A. platyphylla A. Nels. Broad-leaved arnica.
Arapahoe Trail just below timberline on Arapahoe Peak,

9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 948).

Montana and Idaho to Colorado.

1 149. A. pumila Rydb. [A. parvifolia Greene]. Dwarf ar-
nica.

Gregory Canon, 6600 ft. (Daniels, 903).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

1 1 50. A. cordifolia Hook. Heart-leaved arnica.

In the wooded region throughout, 6000-1 1000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 270). Also Eldora to Baltimore; between Sunshine and
Ward; and Massif de 1' Arapahoe (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to California.

1 151. A. Rydbergii Greene, Rydberg's arnica.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Montana to Colorado.

1152. A. subplumosa Greene [A. Chamissonis longinodosa A.
Nels.]. SuBPLUMOSE arnica.

Boulder Caiion above the Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 537).
Montana to Colorado.

1 153. A. pedunculata Rydb. Peduncled arnica.

Under pines in the mesas south of the Chautauqua grounds,

397] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 249

5800-6000 ft. (Daniels, 176). Gulch south of Boulder (Ryd-
berg).

North Dakota to Washington ; Colorado to California.

ii53>^. A. monocephala. Rydb. Single-headed arnica.
Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).
Montana and Idaho to Colorado.

1 154. A. Parryi Gray [A. eradiata (Gray) Heller]. Parry's
arnica.

Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence
well toward Eldora, 9000-10500 ft. (Daniels, 946). Also at
Caribou (Rydberg).

Montana to British Columbia ; Colorado to Washing-
ton.

474. SENECIO L. Groundsel.

1 155. S. scopulinus Greene [S. Bigelovii Hallii Gray]. Hall's

GROUNDSEL.

Subalpine meadows at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 624).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1 156. S.. chloranthus Greene. Green-flowered groundsel.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 990).
Colorado.

1 157. S. pudicTis Greene. Bashful groundsel.

Along Boulder Cafion, and at Eldora, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 547). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

1158. S. carthamoides Greene. Alpine groundsel.
Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,

943)-

Wyoming to Colorado.

1 1 59. S. blitoides Greene. Blite groundsel.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
1006).
Colorado.

1 160. S. triangularis Hook. Triangular-leaved groundsel.
Common in subalpine bogs and along stream banks at El-

250 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [398

dora, and ascending to timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 8600-1 looo
ft. (Daniels, 635). Also between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg).
Alberta to Alaska; Colorado to California.

1 161. S. admirabilis Greene. Admirable groundsel.
Subalpine bogs at Eldora, 8600 ft. (Daniels, 650).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1 162. S. lapathifolium Greene. Lapathus-leaved ground-
sel.

High slope near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 315).
Colorado.

1 163. S. crassulus Gray. Thickish groundsel.

Above timberline, Arapahoe Peak, 10500-11000 ft. (Daniels,
945). Also at Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).
Montana to Idaho ; Colorado to Utah.

1 164. S. rapifolius Nutt. Turnip-leaved groundsel.
Boulder Canon near Falls, 7000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 543).
South Dakota to Idaho and Colorado.

1 165. S. hydrophilus Nutt. Water-loving groundsel.
Alpine valley near snow above Bloomerville, 9000-10000 ft.

(Daniels, 319).
Montana to Colorado and Nevada.

1 166. S. Hookeri Gray. Hooker's groundsel.
Eldora to Baltimore (Rydberg).

Alberta and British Columbia to Colorado.
1166^. S. Columbianus Greene. Columbian groundsel.

Middle Boulder Canon 9000 ft. (Coulter in Wabash College
Plerb.).

This is, in part at least, the S. lugens Parryi Eaton of Porter
& Coulter.

Saskatchewan to Alaska; Minnesota to Colorado.

1167. S. perplexus A. Nels. Perplexing groundsel.
North slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000 ft. (Daniels, 148). Plant

too old, the basal leaves gone, perhaps 6'. dispar A. Nels.

399] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 25 I

Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins). Middle Boul-
der Canon (Porter & Coulter in Wabash College Herb.)-
Also from Eldora to Baltimore, and at Boulder (Rydberg),
Wyoming and Idaho to Colorado.

1 168. S. atratus Greene [S. lugens foliosus Gray]. Leafy
groundsel.

Arapahoe Trail just below timberline, Arapahoe Peak, thence
to Eldora, 8600-10500 ft. (Daniels, 947). Also at Ward; be-
tween Sunshine and Ward; and Eldora to Baltimore (Ryd-
berg).

Colorado.

1 169. S. Purshianus Nutt. Pursh's groundsel.
Redrock lake lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Saskatchewan to British Columbia; Texas to Utah.

1170. S. Harbourii Rydb. Harbour's groundsel.
Mountains south of Ward, the type locality, and between

Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

1 171. S. Plattensis Nutt. Platte ragwort.

Common on the plains and mesas, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels,
36).

Ontario to South Dakota; Missouri and Texas to Colo-
rado.

1 172. S. salicinus Rydb. Willow ragwort.
Foothills about Boulder, 6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 1031).
Colorado.

1 173. S. Nelsonii Rydb. [S. rosiilatus Rydh.]. Nelson's rag-
wort.

Exceedingly abundant throughout, and occurring in a maze
of forms so confluent that any segregation seems impossi-
ble, 5100-11000 ft. (Daniels, 210). Also at Caribou; and be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

Colorado.

1 174. S. Fendleri Gray. Fendler's ragwort.

252 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [4OO-

Plains and foothills about Boulder, 5600-8000 ft. (Daniels,
10).
Colorado to Utah and New Mexico.

1 175. S. lanatifolius Osterh. [S. Fendleri lanatiis Osterh.].
Woolly-leaved ragwort.

Barren ridges, Glacier lake to Eldora, 8500-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 218). Basal leaves very crisp.
Colorado.

1 176. S. Balsamitae Muhl. [S. aureus Balsamitae (Muhl.)
T. & G. ; 5". flavulus Greene ; 6". flavovirens Rydb. in part] .
Narrow-leaved golden squaw-weed.

Long's Peak (Porter & Coulter).

Quebec to Maryland northwestward across the continent.

11 77. S. longipetiolatus Rydb. Long-petioled ragwort.
Plains at Boulder, uncommon, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 61).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1178. S. crocatus Rydb. [S. aureus croceus Gray; 6". dimor-
phophyllus Greene ; 6^. heterodoxus Greene] . Saffron
ragwort.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, and at Eldora, 8600-12000
ft. (Daniels, 870). Also on Long's Peak (Rydberg).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1 179. S. cymbalariodes Nutt. [S. aureus borealis T. & G.
Northern golden ragwort.

Subalpine meadows at Glacier lake, 9000 ft. (Daniels, 705).
Mackenzie to Colorado and Utah.

1 180. S. pseudaureus Rydb. False golden ragwort.
Long's Peak (Rydberg).

Mackenzie to British Columbia; New Mexico to Ne-
vada.

1180^/^. S. mutabilis Greene [S. aurellus Rydb.]. Mutable
ragwort.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Colorado.

1 181. S. ambrosioides Rydb. Ragweedlike groundsel.

40 1 ] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 253

Common in the mountainous region, 7000-10000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 629), Also at Ward (Rydberg).

North Dakota to Montana ; New Mexico to Arizona.

1 182. S. Riddellii T. & G. [S. fihfolins Fremontii T. & G.].
Riddell's groundsel.

Frequent on the plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 481).

Nebraska to Colorado ; Texas to New Mexico.

1 183. S. multicapitatus Rydb. Many-headed groundsel.
Plains about Boulder, 5600 ft. (Daniels, 401).
Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona.

1 1 84. S. spartioides T. & G. Broom-like groundsel.
Along Boulder Canon road, 5500 ft. (Daniels, 804). Also

mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Nebraska to Wyoming; Texas to Arizona.

475. CmSITJM Hill. Thistle.

1 185. C. Parryi (Gray), Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cnicus Par-
ryi- Gray; Carduiis Parryi (Gray) Greene]. Parry's
thistle.

Boulder (Rydberg).

Colorado to New Mexico and Utah.

1 186. C. scopulonim (Greene) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni-
cus eriocephalus Gray ; Carduus scopulonim Greene] .
Crag thistle.

Arapahoe Peak above timberline, 10500-12000 ft. (Daniels,
887). Also at Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

1187. C. griseum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
griseus Rydb.]. Gray thistle.

Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado.

1 188. C. Americanum (Gray), Daniels. Nov. comb. [Cnicus
Amcricanus Gray ; Carduus Centaureae Rydb. ; Cirsium

254 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [402

Centaureae (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb.]. Knapweed

THISTLE.

Common in the foothills and mountains, 6000-10000 ft.
(Daniels, 442). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward
(Rydberg).

Wyoming to Colorado.

ii88a. C. Americanuin (Gray), Daniels. C. griseum (Rydb.)
Cockerell.
Ward (Rydberg).

1188^. C. acaulescens (Gray) Daniels; Nov. comb. C.
Americanum (Gray) Daniels.
Plains and foothills near Boulder (Rydberg).

1 189. C. erosum (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Corduus
erosus Rydb.]. Erose-bracted thistle.

Boulder Canon, 7000-7500 ft. (Daniels, 1032). Bracts
merely erose, otherwise like the preceding.
Colorado.

1 190. C. Coloradense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
Coloradensis Rydb.]. Colorado thistle.

Subalpine valley at Eldora, and frequent along the Arapahoe
Trail, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 855).
Colorado.

1 191. C. Plattense (Rydb.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Carduus
Plattensis Rydb.]. Platte thistle.

Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 63).
Nebraska to Colorado.

1 192. C. unduktum (Nutt.) Spreng. [Cniciis undulatus
(Nutt.) Gray; Carduus undulatus Nutt.].

Common on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 673).
Michigan to Assiniboia and Montana ; Texas to Utah.

1 193. C. megacephalum (Nutt.) Cockerell. Nov. comb. [Cni-
cus undulatus megacephalus (Nutt.) Gray; Carduus mega-
cephalus Nutt.]. Large-headed thistle.

Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 986).

403] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 255

South Dakota to Idaho; Missouri to Texas and Colo-
rado.

1194. C. ochrocentrum Gray [Cnicus ochrocentrns Gray;
Carduus ochrocentrus (Gray) Greene]. Yellow-spined

THISTLE.

Plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 1033).
Nebraska to Colorado; Texas to Arizona.

476. CENTAITREA L. Star thistle.

1 195. C. Cyanus L. Bluebottle. Cornflower. Bachelor's
button.

Escaped into roadsides and streets about Boulder, 5300-5600
ft. (Daniels, 140).
Europe, thence to North America.

Family 112. CICHORIACEAE. Reich. Chicory family.

477. PTILORIA Raf.

1 196. P. ramosa Rydb. Branching ptiloria.
Boulder (Rydberg).

Nebraska and Montana to Colorado.

1 197. P. pauciflora (Torr.) Raf. [Stephanomcria runcinata
Nutt.]. Few-flowered Ptiloria.

Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 475). Also
between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Colorado to Nevada ; Texas to Arizona.

478. TRAGOPOGON L. Salsify.

1198. T. pratensis L. Yellow goat's-beard.

Boulder Caiion road and about Boulder, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 559).

Europe, thence to North America.

1 199. T. porrifollus L. Salsify. Oyster plant.
Common about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 17).
Europe, thence to North America.

1199a. T. porrifolius L. X T. pratensis L.
Aurora St., Boulder (Cockerell).

256 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [4O4

479. CICHORIUM L. Chicory.

1200. C, Intybus L. Common chicory.

Along roadsides and in waste places, 5100-5600 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1034).

Europe, thence to North America.

480. LYGODESMIA D. Don.

1201. L. grandiflora T. & G. Large-flowered Lygodesmia.
Roadside at entrance to Boulder Cafion and along the streets

in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 166).
Wyoming to Idaho; Colorado to Arizona.

I20i>^. L. jimcea (Pursh) D. Don. Rush-like Lygodesmia.

Common about Boulder (Ramaley).

Minnesota to Saskatchewan and Alberta ; Missouri to
New Mexico.

481. CREPIS L. Hawk's-beard.

1202. C. petiolata Rydb. Petioled hawk's-beard.
Gregory Canon, and aspen bogs at Glacier lake, 6800-9000

ft. (Daniels, 351). Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Rob-
bins).

Wyoming and Colorado.

1202^. C. glaucella Rydb. Glaucescent hawk's-beard.
Redrock lake, lOioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Montana to Colorado.

1202^. S. perplexa Rydb. Perplexing hawk's-beard.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
North Dakota and Alberta to Nebraska and Colorado.

1203. C. runcinata (James) T. & G. Runcinate hawk's-
beard.

Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell).

North Dakota and Alberta to Colorado.

1204. C. denticulata Rydb. Toothed hawk's-beard.
Aspen bog at Glacier lake, 3500-9000 ft. (Daniels, 706).
Wyoming to Colorado and Utah.

405] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 257

1205. C. angustata Rydb. Narrow-leaved hawk's-beard.
North slope of Flagstaff Hill along Boulder Canon, 6000 ft.

(Daniels, 147).
Montana to Washington; Colorado to Oregon.

1206. C. occidentalis Nutt. Western hawk's-beard.
Boulder (Rydberg).

Montana to Washington ; Colorado tx) California.

1207. C. alpicola (Rydb.) A. Nels. Alpine hawk's-beard
Long's Peak, iiooo ft., the type locality (Nelson).
Rocky Mountains.

482. HIERACIUM L. Hawkweed.

1208. H. gracile Hook. Slender hawkweed.

At and above timberline under dwarfed spruce, Arapahoe
Peak, Colo., 10000-12000 ft. (Daniels, 871). Also at Caribou
(Rydberg).

Montana and Alaska to Colorado and California.

1209. H. albiflonim Hook. White-flowered hawkweed.
Wooded banks, Bear Canon, and other deep canons in the

foothills, 6000-8000 ft. (Daniels, 750). Also mountains be-
tween Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).
Yukon to Colorado and California.

1 2 10. H. Fendleri Schultz Bip. Fendler's hawkweed.
Under pines, east slope of Flagstaff Hill, 6000-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 215).

South Dakota to New Mexico and Arizona.

4821/2. NOTHOCALAIS Greene.
12103^. N. cuspidata (Pursh) Greene [Troximon cuspidatum
Pursh]. Cuspidate Troximon.

St. Vrain Caiion (Coulter in Wabash College Herb.).
Illinois to South Dakota; Missouri to Colorado.

483. AGOSERIS Raf.

121 1. A. agrestis Osterh. Field agoseris.

Common on the foothills and mountains, 6000-9000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 1035).
Colorado

258 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [4O6

12 12. A. Leontodon Rydb. Dandelion agoseris.
Mountainsides at Eldora, 8600-10000 ft. (Daniels, 991).
South Dakota to Montana, Colorado to Arizona.

1213. A. glauca (Nutt.) Greene [Tro.vimon glaucum Nutt.].
Glaucous agoseris.

Abundant on the plains, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 20).
Saskatchewan to Washington ; Colorado to Utah.

1214. A. parviflora (Nutt.) Dietr. {Troximon glaucum pan'i-
floriim (Nutt.) Gray]. Small-flowered agoseris.

Frequent about Boulder, and in meadows and grassy bogs at
Eldora, 5100-8600 ft. (Daniels, 622).

North Dakota to Alberta and Colorado.

1215. A. laciniata (Nutt.) Greene [Stylosanthus laciniatus
Nutt.]. Cut-leaved agoseris.

Boulder (Rydberg).

Wyoming to Idaho ; Colorado to California.

1216. A. humilis Rydb. Low agoseris.

Bogs at Eldora, 8600-9000 ft. (Daniels, 633).
Wyoming to Colorado.

1217. A. rostrata Rydb. Beaked agoseris.

Abundant on the mesas and foothills, 5700-9000 ft. (Daniels,
232). Also mountains between Sunshine and Ward (Ryd-
berg). A plant was gathered in Gregory Canon, which bore
two heads of flowers.

Colorado.

484. TARAXACUM Hall. Dandelion.

1218. T. Taraxacum (L.) Karst. [T. officinale Weber]. Com-
mon dandelion.

Common in fields and along roadsides, 5100-7000 ft. (Dan-
iels, 261). Ward, 9200 ft. (Cockerell).
Europe, thence to North America.

I2i8>^. T. montanum Nutt. Mountain dandelion.
Redrock lake, loioo ft. (Ramaley & Robbins).
Montana to Colorado.

485. LACTUCA L. Lettuce.

407] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 259

1219. L. integrata (Gren. & Goclr.) A. Nels. [L. virosa
Auct., not L.] Prickly lettuce.

Common in waste places, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 653).
Europe, thence to North America.

1220. L. Canadensis L. Common wild lettuce.

Boulder Cafion, and along other streams in the foothills,
6000-7000 ft. (Daniels, 564).

Nova Scotia to Saskatchewan ; Florida to Colorado.

1221. L. Ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Louisiana lettuce.
Between Sunshine and Ward (Rydberg).

North Carolina to Missouri and Colorado and Texas.

1222. L. pulchella (Pursh) DC. Showy lettuce.
Plains about Boulder, 5100-6000 ft. (Daniels, 399).
Saskatchewan to Washington ; Missouri to California.

1223. L. spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. [L. leucophaea Gray].
Common blue lettuce.

Sunset Cafion, 6300 ft. (Daniels, 982). Also Boulder (Ryd-
berg).

Newfoundland to Manitoba ; North Carolina to Colo-
rado.

486. SONCHUS L. Sow-thistle.

1224. S. arvensis L. Field sow-thistle.

Waste places in Boulder, 5300-5600 ft. (Daniels, 1036).
Europe, thence to North America.

1225. S. asper (L.) Hill. Harsh sow-thistle.

Boulder Caiion road, and Gregory Cafion road, 5600-6000 ft.
(Daniels, 458).
Europe, thence to North America.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allison, Edith M. Bibliography and history of Colorado botany.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 51-76.

Ashie, W. W. New North American plants; some new species
of Crataegus. N. C. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. 175, 1900.

Bennett, IVIrs. Cora. List of Colorado trees. Plant World, 11,
66.

Brandegee, T. S. The flora of southwestern Colorado. Bull.
U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 2, 227-248.

Brandegee, T. S. New species of western plants. Bot. Gaz.,
27, 444-457.

Butler, A. A. Ferns near Colorado Springs, Colo. Am. Nat, 30,
750, 751.

Cassidy, James, and O'Brine, David. Some Colorado grasses.
Elill. Colo. Agri. Coll. Exper. Sta., 12, 5-138.

Cockerel!, T. D. A. Notes on the Flora of Custer County, Colo-
rado. West Amer. Scientist, Sept. 1888, 5, 6; Oct. 1888, 10-12; 1889,
10-12.

Cockerel I, T. D. A. Notes on Castilleia. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
17, 34-37.

Cockerel I, T. D. A. Contributions towards a list of fauna and
flora of Wet Mountain valley. West Amer. Scientist, Nov. 1889,
153-155.

Cockerel I, T. D. A. The North American species of Hymenoxys.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 31, 461-509.

Cockerel I, T. D. A. The alpine flora of Colorado. Am. Nat.,
40, 861-873.

Cockerell, T. D, A. The genus Crataegm in Colorado. Univ.
of Colo. Studies, 5, 41-45.

Coulter, John M. Manual of botany of the Rocky Mountain
region. 1885.

409] [261]

262 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [4IO

Coulter, John M. New manual of botany of the Central Rocky
Mountains. Revised by Aven Nelson. No date (c. 1909).

Eastwood, Alice. A popular flora of Denver, Colorado. No date.

Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the plants of Dr. Parry's collec-
tion in the Rocky Mountains in 1861. Am. Journ. Sci., Ser. II, 33,
237-243; 404-411; 34, 249-261; 330-341.

Gray, Asa. Enumeration of the species of plants collected by
Dr. C. C. Parry and Messrs. Elihu Hall and J. P. Harbour, during
the summer and autumn of 1862, on and near the Rocky Mountains,
in Colorado Territory, lat. 36°-41°. Proc. Phil. Ac. Nat. Sci. 1863-
55-80.

Gray, Asa. Classification of botanical collections made during
the San Juan Reconnaissance of 1877 in Colorado and New Mexico.
Ann. Report of Chief of Engineers, 1878, apx. SS, 1833-1840.

Greene, Edward L., and Baker, Carl F. New or noteworthy
plants from the Gunnison water-shed, Colorado. Plantae Bakerianae,
3, Fasc. I, 1901. Dr. Greene has also published numerous articles
dealing with the Colorado flora in the various volumes of Pittonia,
and also in his Leaflets.

Holm, Theodor. The Alpine Gramineae of Colorado. B'ot. Gaz.
46, 422-444.

Hoizinger, John M. Descriptions of new plants from Texas
and Colorado. U. S. Nat. Herb., Contrib. 1, 286-287.

Melvill, J. C. Notes on a small collection of plants collected in
southwest Colorado by Mr. J. Cardwell Lees. Mem. and Proc.
Manch. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Ser. 4, 7, 214-219.

Nelson, Aven. Analytical key to some of the common flowering
plants of the Rocky Mountain region. 1902.

Nelson, Aven. Contributions from the Rocky Mt. Herbarium.
IL Bot. Gaz. 31, 394-409; III. ibid., 34, 21-35; IV. ibid., 34, 355-71; V.
ibid., 37, 260-279; VI. ibid., 40, 54-67; VII. ibid., 42, 48-54.

Nelson, Aven. Plantae Andrewseae. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
17, 173-180.

4Il] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 263

Nelson, Aven. Some western plants and their collectors. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, 33-40.

Nelson, Ellas. Revision of western North American Phloxes.
1889.

Osterhout, G. E. New plants from Colorado. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, 26, 256, 257; 27, 506-508; 28, 644, 645; 30, 236, 237; 32, 611-613.

Osterhout, G. E. Notes on Colorado plants. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, 21, 357, 358.

Osterhout, G. E. Colorado notes. Muhlenbergia, 1, 139-143.

Pammel, L. H., and Scribner, F. Lamson. Some notes on
grasses collected in 1895 between Jefferson, Iowa, and Denver,
Colo. Proc. Soc. Prom. Agri. Sci. 17, 94-104.

Parry, C. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv., Ann. Re-
port, 4, 484-487.

Penard, E. An enumeration of the plants collected by M. E,
Penard in Colorado during the summer of 1892. Herb, of Colum-
bia Coll., Contrib. 75.

Penard, E. (List of plants collected in Colorado, 1891). Btill.
Herb. Boiss. 3, No. 5.

Porter, T. C. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geol. Surv. of Wy. and
Contiguous Terr., 4, 472-484.

Porter, T. C, and Coulter, J. M. Synopsis of the flora of Col-
orado. U. S. Geol. Surv. of the Terr., Miscell. Pub. 4.

Ramaley, Francis. Plants of the Florissant region in Colorado.
Univ. of Colo. Studies, 3, 177-185.

Ramaley, Francis, Scientific expedition to northeastern Col-
orado, 8. Botany, account of collections made. Univ. of Colo.
Studies, 4, 161-164.

Ramaley, Francis. The silva of Colorado. I. Univ. of Colo.
Studies, 4, 109-122; U. ibid., 4, 187-197; III. ibid., 5, 47-63.

Ramaley, Francis. New Colorado species of Crataegus. Bot.
Gaz. 46, 381-384.

Ramaley, Francis, and Robbins, W. W. Redrock lake near
Ward. Univ. of Colo. Studies, 6, 133-168.

264 UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI STUDIES [4 1 2

Rothrock, J. T. Catalogue of plants. U. S. Geog. Surv. west
of the 100th meridian, 6, 53-352.

Rydberg, P. A. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora. I. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club, 27, 169-189; II., ibid., 528-538; III., ibid., 614-636;
IV. ibid., 28, 20-38; V. ibid., 266-283; VI. ibid., 499-513; VII. ibid.,
29, 145-160; VIII. ibid., 232-246; IX. ibid., 680-693; X. ibid.. 30,
247-262; XL ibid., 31, 399-410; XII. ibid. 555-575; XIII., ibid. 631-
666; XIV. 32, 123-138; XV. ibid. 597-611; XVI. ibid., 33, 137-161;
XVII. ibid., 34, 35-50; XVIII. ibid., 417-437; XIX. ibid., 36, 531-541;
XX. ibid., 675-698; XXI. ibid., 37, 127-148; XXII. ibid., 313-335;
XXIII. ibid., 443-471; XXIV. ibid., 541-557; XXV. ibid., 38, 11-23.

Rydberg, P. A. The oaks of the Continental Divide north of
Mexico. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card., 1901.

Rydberg, P. A. Astragalus and its segregates as represented
in Colorado. B^ill. Torr. Bot. Club, 32, 657-668.

Rydberg, P. A. Flora of Colorado. Bull. 100, Colo. Agric. Coll.
Exper. Sta.

Rydberg, P. A., and Shear, C. L. A report upon the grasses
and forage plants of the Rocky Mountain region. Bull. 5, Div. of
Agros., U. S. Dept. Agric.

Sudworth, G. B. Forest flora of the Rocky Mountains. Bull. 2,
Div. Forest., U. S. Dept. Agric.

Thacher, Mrs. G. W. Alpine flowers of Colorado. Appalachia,
5, 284-291.

Torrey, John, and Gray, Asa. (A botanical report of plants
collected by Mr. F. Crentzfeldt). Pacific Railroad report, 2, 125-
131.

Vasey, George. Report on grasses of Kansas, Nebraska, and
Colorado. Bull. 1, Botanic. Div., U. S. Dept. of Agric.

413] FLORA OF BOULDER, COLORADO 265

APPENDIX A.

Tidestrom in the Am. Midi. Nat. 2, 35, has described as a new
species this aspen under the name of P. aurea Tidestrom, with
the remark that it forms forests throughout Colorado, Utah, and
adjoining territory. But the differences relied upon to separate it
from Michaux's species seem to me to be at most varietal, and
hence I prefer to call the Colorado tree P. tremuloides aurea (Tide-
strom) Daniels. See page 98.

INDEX

INDEX

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

Abies

lasiocarpa 24, 31, 36, 39,

Abronia

fragrans

Abronia, fragrant

Acer

glabrum 22,29,

tripartitum

Negundo

Texanum

tripartitum

ACERACEAE

Acerates

angustifolia 16,

viridiflora 16,

Achillea

lanulosa 26,

Millefolium lanulosa

Acomastylis

Arapahoensis 42,

turbinata 42,

Aconitum

Columbianum 33, 35,

insigae 33, 35,

ochroleucum. ....... 33, 35,

porrectum 35,

A.corus

Calamus 11,

Acroanthes

monophylla 28,

Acrolasja

albicaulis

integrifolia

integrifolia

latifolia

Actaea

arguta 25,

eburnea 25,

eburnea

Actinea

lanigera

Actinella, grandiflora.

lanata

Actinella

woolly

[54
[54
[112
[112
[112
[167
[167
[167
[168
[168
[167
[167
[194
[194
[194
[246
[246
[246
[146
[146
[146
[120
[120
[120
[120
[120
[87
[87
[97
[97
[174
[174
[174
[174
[174
[119
[119
[119
[119
[245
[245
[245
[245
3
[245]

Adder's-mouth 27, [97]

one-leaved [97]

Adder's-tongue [92]

small-flowered [92]

Adder's-tongue family [49]

Adoxa [222]

Moschatellina 29, [222]

Adoxaceae [222]

Agoseris [257]

agrestis [257]

glauca 15, [258]

humilis 32, 35, [258]

laciniata 35, [258]

Leontodon 35, [258]

parviflora 35, [258]

rostrata 26, [258]

Agoseris, beaked [258]

cut-leaved [258]

dandelion [258]

field [257]

glaucous [258]

low [258]

small-flowered [258]

Agrimonia [147]

Brittoniana occidentalis. . . [147]

Agrimony [147]

western [147]

Agropyron [76]

andinum 32, [76]

Arizonicum 32, [76]

molle 15, [77]

occidentale 14, [77]

pseudorepens 14,18,27, [76]

Richardsonii 27, [76]

riparium 12, [77]

Scribneri [76]

spicatum inerme [76]

tenerum 18, [76]

unilaterale [76]

Vaseyi 27, [76]

violaceum 27,32,41, [76]

andinum [76]

Agrostis [64]

alba 14,44, [64]

alba vulgaris [64]

417]

269

270

INDEX

[418

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

asperifolia 14, 35, [64]

exarata [64]

hyemalis 15, [64]

Rossae [64]

scabra ["*]

tenuiculmis [64]

tenuis [64]

varians [64]

Alder 27, [101]

thin-leaved [101]

Aletes [182]

acaulis 26, [183]

obovata 26, [183]

Algae 10

Alisma [56]

Plantago 10, [56]

Alismaceae [56]

Alismales [56]

Alkali flat flora 10, 16

ALKALINAE 10, 16

Alliaceae [91]

Allionia [112]

diffusa [112]

hirsuta [113]

lanceolata [113]

linearis 15, [113]

nyctaginea [112]

Allioniaceae [112]

Allium [91]

cernuum obtusum [91]

dictyoium [91]

Geyeri 22,28, [91]

Nuttallii 22, [91]

recurvatum [91]

reticulatum ..22,28, [92]

reticulatum deserticola [91]

Allocarya [201]

scopulorum. . . . ._ 34, [201]

Allocarya, mountain [201]

Alnus [101]

incana virescens [101]

tenuifolia 28, 37, [101]

Alopecurus [62]

alpinus [63]

aristulatus 11, [62]

fulvus [62]

occidentalis 39, [63]

ALPESTRES 9, 38

ALPINAE 38, 40

Alpine flora 9,38, 41

Alpine tundra 38

Alpine zone 8, 9, 38

Alsinaceae [115]

Alsine [115]

Baicalensis... 37,39,(115]

Jamesiana [115]

longifolia 33, [115]

longipes [115]

striata [115]

rnedia. 45, [115]

Alsinopsis [116]

obtusiloba 41, [116]

propinqua 41, [116]

Althaea [170]

rosea 46, [170]

Alum-root 29, [137]

bracted [137]

Hall's [137]

small-leaved [137]

Alyssum [132]

alyssoides [132]

calycinum [132]

maritinium [132]

Alyssum, sweet [132]

yellow [132]

Amarella [190]

monantha 40, [190]

nana [191]

plebeja 34, [191]

Holmii 40, [191]

scopulorum 29, [191]

strictiflora [190]

Amaryllidales [95]

Amaranth [HI]

Amaranth family [HI]

Amaranthaceae [Ill]

Amaranthus [HI]

albus [112]

blitoides 45, [HI]

graecizans 45, [112]

Powellii [Ill]

retroflexus 45, [111]

Ambrosia [224]

artemisiaefolia 45, [224]

psilostachya 16, 45, [224]

trifida 12,45, [224]

integrifolia [224]

Ambrosiaceae [224]

Amelanchier [150]

alnifolia [150]

elliptica [150]

oreophila 20, 22, 25, 30, [150]

polycarpa 42, [150]

Ammannia [176]

coccinea [176]

Ammannia, scarlet [176]

Ammiaceae [181]

AMNICOLAE 31,36, 37

Aniorpha [159]

angustifolia [159]

fruticosa 22, [159]

microphylla [160]

nana ..15,(160]

Ampelopsis quinquefolia vilacea[169]

419]

INDEX

271

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

Amygdalaceae [151

Anaphalis [241

margaritacea subalpina [241

subalpina 26, 32, [241

Androcera [209

lobata [209

rostrata 15, [209

Andropogon [57

chrysocoma 15, [57

furcatus 14, [57

scoparium [57

Androsace [188

diffusa 39, [188

pinetorum 30, [188

puberulenta 30, [188

septentrionalis [188

siibulifera [188

subumbellata 39, [188

Anemone [120

Canadensis 37, [121

cylindrica 18, [121

globosa 25,35, [120

Pennsylvanica [121

Anemone 27, [120

Canada [121

globose [120

long-fruited [121

Pennsylvania [121

Angelica [184

ampla ' [184

Grayi [184

Angiospermae [55

Anogra [178

albicaulis [178

coronopifolia 14, [179

Nuttallii [179

rhizomata 14, [179

Antennaria [239

anaphaloides 42, [241

aprica 32,42, [240

Carpathica pulcherrima [241

concinna 32, [239

corymbosa 42, [240

formosa [240

imbricata 42, [240

marginata [240

media 42, [239

microphylla [240

nardina [240

oxyphylla 26, [240

parvifolia 32, [240

pulcherrima [241

rosea [240

umbrinella 42, [239

Anthemis [246

Cotuia 45, [246

Anthopogon [190]

barbellatus 33, 39, [190]

elegans 39, [190]

Anthropophytic plants 43

ANTHROPOPHYTICALES.. 43

Anticlea [88]

Coloradensis [88]

elegans [88]

Apinus [53]

flexilis 24,25,31, [53]

Apios [161]

Apios 21

Boulderensis 22, [161]

Aplopappus, croceus [229]

Parryi [230]

pygmaeus [230]

spinulosus [229]

Apocynaceae [193]

Apocynum [193]

ambigens [193]

androsaemifolium [193]

cannabinum [193]

hypericifolium [193]

lividum [193]

scopulorum 26, [193]

Apple family [150]

Aquatic flora 10

AQUATILES 10

Aquilegia [119]

coerulea 25,32,41, [119]

Arabis [134]

connexa [134]

divaricarpa [135]

Fendleri [134]

Hoelboelii Fendleri [134]

ovata [134]

oxyphylla [134]

philonipha [134]

Araceae [87]

Aragallus [158]

deflexus 32, [158]

Lamberti 14, 18, 35, [159]

minor [158]

multiceps [158]

minor [158]

patens 14, 35, [158]

Richardsonii 35, [159]

sericeus 18, [159]

Arales [87]

Aralia [181]

nudicaulis 23, 29, [181]

ARBUSTALES.. ...18, 20, 31, 34
Arcenthobium Americanum. . . .[103]

canicm [103]

cryptopodum [103]

robustum [103]

Arctostaphylos [186]

Uva-ursi 26, [186]

272

INDEX

[420

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Arenaria [116]

Fendleri 41, [116]

diffusa [116]

ohtusa [116]

propinqua [116]

Tweedyi... 41, [116]

verna aequicaulis [116]

Argemone [126]

bipinnatifida [126]

hispida 14, [126]

intermedia 14, 18, [126]

Arid brush slope society.. . .31, 34

ARIDAE 13, 15

Aristida [60]

fasciculata 15, [60]

longiseta 15, [60]

Armoracia [130]

Armoracia 46, [l30]

Arnica [248]

Chamissonis longinodosa . . . .[248]

cordifolia 26, [248]

eradiata [249]

monocephala [249]

Parryi 37, 42, [249]

parvifolia [248]

pedunculata 20, [248]

platyphylla 42, [248]

pumila [248]

Rydbergii [248]

subplumosa 35, [248]

Arnica [248]

broad-leaved [248]

dwarf [248]

heart-leaved [248]

Parry's [249]

peduncled [248]

Rydberg's [248]

single-headed [249]

subplumose [248]

Arrow wood [221]

Artemisia [246]

biennis 34, [247]

Brittonii .16, 19, [247]

Chamissoniana saxatilis [247]

desertorum Scouleriana [246]

diversifolia [247]

dracunculoides 16, 19, [246]

Forwoodii 19, [246]

frigida 19, 43, [247]

gnaphalodes 15, [247]

saxicola [247]

silvicola 32, [247]

scopulorum [247]

Scouleriana [246]

spithamaea 42, [247]

tridcntata 34, [248]

Arum family [87]

ASCLEPIADACEAE [194]

ASCLEPIADALES [193]

Asclepias [194]

brachystephana [194]

incarnata [194]

pumila 16, [194]

speciosa 14, [194]

stenophylla [194]

verticillata pumila [194]

Asparagus [94]

officinalis 46, [94]

Asparagus, common [94]

Aspen 33,47, [98]

American [98]

quaking 32

Aspen society 24

Aspidiiim Filix-mas [49]

Asplenium [51]

Andrewsii 30, [5l]

septentrionalis [51]

Trichomanes 30, [51]

Aster [233]

adscendens [235]

Andrewsii 32, [235]

Bigelovii [235]

ciliatus [233]

coerulescens 12, [234]

commutatus 15, [234]

crassulus 16, [234]

Eatonii [235]

Engelmannii [233]

cxiguus 16, [233]

foliaceus Eatonii [235]

glaucus [233]

incanopilosus [234]

laetevirens [234]

laevis 26, [234]

Nelsonii [233]

Osterhoutii 12, [234]

Pattersonii [235]

polycephalus 16, 26, [234]

Porteri 26, 32, [234]

salicifolius coerulescens [234]

Underwoodii 32, [233]

violaceus [233]

Aster 31

Andrews's [235]

ascending [235]

Bigelow's [235]

coerulean [234]

ciliate [233]

Eaton's [235]

Engelmann's [233]

golden [227]

glaucous [233]

harsh [235]

light-grcen-leavcd [234]

42 l]

INDEX

273

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

many-headed [234

Nelson's [233

Osterhout's [234

Patterson's [235

Porter's [234

prairie, white [234

smooth [234

thickish [234

Underwood's [233

varying [235

violet [235

wart-cress-leaved [235

white prairie [234

Astragalus [155

alpinus [156

campestris [157

Canadensis [155

Carolinianus [155

decumbens [157

Drummondii [156

flexuosus [157

goniatus 14, 18, [156

hypoglottis bracteosus [156

polyspermus [156

nitidus 18, [156

oroboides Americanus [156

Parryi [157

Shortianiis [157

sulphurescens [156

tenellus. [157

tridactylicus [158

virgultatus [156

Atelophragma [156

elegans 32, [156

Atheropogon [67

curtipendulus 18, [67

Atragene [122

Columbiana [122

occidentalis 25, [122

Atriplex [110

argentea 17, [110

carnosa 17, [110

hortensis 17, [110

occidentalis [110

Avena [65

fatua 44, [66

sativa 46, [66

striata 22,31, [66

Avens 21, [145

mountain, purple [145

three-flowered [145

turbinate [146

white [147

yellow [146

Arapahoe [146

Oregon [145

Rocky Mountain [145

yellow [145]

Bachelor's button [225]

Bahia [244]

chrys anthem aides [244]

dissecta 29, [244]

oppositifolia [244]

Bahia, fine-leaved [244]

opposite-leaved [2441

Balsam-apple [222]

wild [222]

Balsam fir 36, 39, [54]

western [54]

Balsam poplar [98]

Baneberry [119]

ivory [119]

red, western [1 19]

western red [119]

Barberry, holly [125]

Barberry family [125]

Barley [77]

little [77]

six-rowed [77]

Barnyard grass [58]

Bastard toad-flax [103]

pale [103]

Batidaea [141]

laetissima 20, 25, [141]

Batrachium [122]

aquatile flaccidum [122]

flaccidum 34, [122]

Bean family [152]

Bearberry [186]

red [186]

Beard-grass [57], [63]

golden [57]

Beard-tongue 13, [211]

alpine [212]

glaucous [212]

low [212]

mountain [211]

narrow-sepalled [212]

one-sided [212]

Rydberg's [212]

sharp-leaved [212]

slender [2 12]

tall [213]

Bedstraw [220]

fragrant [220]

northern [220]

Vaillant's [220]

yellow-flowered [220]

Bee plant, Rocky Mountain. . . [135]

Bellflower [222]

Bellflower family [222]

Bell rue [122]

western [122]

Belvisia [51]

274

INDEX

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

septentrionalis [51]

Bent-grass [64]

harsh [64]

Miss Ross's [64]

thin [64]

white [64]

Berberidaceae [125]

Berberis, Aquifolium [125]

repens [1251

Bergamot [2071

mint-leaved [2071

soft [207

strict [207

Berula.. .. [183]

angustifolia [183]

erecta 11, [183]

Besseya [215]

alpina 42, [215]

Betula.. .. [101]

Andrewsii [101]

fontinalis 12, 28, 37, [101]

glandulosa [101]

occidentalis [101]

papyrifera Andrewsii.. . .25, [101]

Betulaceae [101]

Bibliography 47-48, 261- 264

Bidens [244]

glaucescens 12, [244]

tenuisecta [244]

vulgata 12, 45, [244]

Bilberry [187]

dwarf [187]

red-berried [187]

Bindweed [195]

black [108]

bracted [196]

inland [196]

hairy [196]

Birch 28, [101]

Andrews's canoe [101]

canoe, Andrews's [101]

dwarf 27

fountain [101]

glandular [101]

red, western [lOl]

scrub [101]

western red [101]

Birch family [101]

Bird's-nest, giant [185]

Bishop's cap [136]

western [136]

Bistort [108]

alpine [108]

oblong-leaved [108]

Bistorta [108]

bistortoides 37, 39, [108]

vivipara 39, [108]

Bittercress [133]

heart-leaved [133J

hoary [134]

valley [134]

Bitter root [114]

pygmy [114]

Black currant, small [139]

Bladder-fern fSO]

Bladder pod [128]

double [128]

common [128]

many-flowered [128]

Shear's [128]

Bladderwort [219]

common [219]

Blazing-star 13, [226]

dotted [226]

purple-bracted [226]

Elite [109]

sea [Ill]

strawberry [109]

Blitum [109]

capitatum 25, [109]

rubrum [109]

Bluebell [222]

western [223]

Bluebells [202]

many-leaved [202]

punctate [202]

Blueberry [187]

myrtle [187]

Blueberry family [187]

Bluebottle [255]

Blue-eyed grass 34, [95]

alpine [95]

narrow-leaved [95]

Blue-eyed Mary, little [211]

Blue flag, Missouri [95]

Blue-grass, English [70]

false Kentucky [72]

Kentucky [69]

false [72]

Blue-joint, Canada [65]

purple [64]

Blue-lettuce, common [259]

Boebera [245]

papposa 16, 45, [246]

Bog orchids 21, 27

Bog orchis [95]

green-flowered [95]

loose-flowered [96]

northern [96]

Borage family [200]

Boraginaceae [200]

Bosseckia [141]

parviflora 25, [141]

Botrychium [49]

423]

INDEX

27:

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Virginianum 25, [49]

Bouncing Bet [118]

Bouteloua [67]

hirsuta 15, 18, [67]

oligostachya 14, 15, 18, [67]

racemosa [67]

Box elder 12, [168]

common [168]

Texan [168]

Bracken [50]

Bracted bindweed [196]

inland [196]

Brake, hairy [50]

Bramble [141]

Brassica [131]

campestris 46, [132]

juncea 45, [131]

nigra 45, [132]

Brassicaceae [127]

Breadroot, Indian [160]

Brickellia, grandiflora minor. . . [225]

Brickellia [225]

umbellate [225]

white-stemmed [226]

Brier 21, [148]

Bristle-grass [78]

long-leaved [78]

short-leaved [78]

Brome-grass [74]

lanate [75]

large marginate [74]

marginate, large [74]

Pumpelly's [75]

quake-grass [75]

Richardson's [75]

Bromus [74]

brizaeformis 44, [75]

hordeaceus 44, [75]

lanatipes 27, [75]

marginatus latior 14, [74]

mollis [75]

Porteri lanatipes [75]

Pumpellianus 14, 27, [75]

Richardsonii 27, [75]

secalinus 44, [75]

tectorum 44, [75]

Brooklime [214]

American [2 14]

Broom-grass 13, [57]

Broom-rape family [219]

Brunella, see Prunella

Buchloe dactyloides [67]

Buckthorn family [168]

Buckwheat, false [108]

common [108]

Buffalo berry [175]

Canadian [175]

Buffalo grass 13, [67]

common [67]

false [68]

Bugloss [204]

small [204]

Bugseed [110]

marginal-friuted [HO]

Bulbilis [67]

dactyloides [67]

Bull pine 20,24,25,31, [53]

Bulrush 10, [79]

great [80]

pale [80]

Bunch-flower family [88]

Bunch-grass 20, [57]

blue [74]

Bur-grass [59]

Bur-marigold [244]

glaucescent [244]

Bur nightshade [209]

common [209]

Bur-reed [55]

narrow-leaved [55]

Bur-reed family [55]

Bursa [128]

Bursa-pastoris 45, [128]

Buttercup [122]

Adonis-like [123]

Macoun's [124]

northern [123]

Butterwort family [219]

Button-snakeroot [226]

Cactaceae [174]

Cactus [174]

viviparus [174]

Cactus 6, 19

ball [174]

viviparous [174]

Cactus family [174]

Cactus mesa society 18, 19

Calamagrostis [64]

Canadensis [65]

purpurascens 27,31, [64]

Calamus [87]

Calandrinia pygmaea [114]

Calceolaria [172]

linearis 22, [172]

Callisteris colli^ia [197]

leucantha [197]

Callitrichaceae [166]

Callitriche... [166]

autumnalis [166]

bifida 10, [166]

palustris 10, [166]

Calochortaceae [94]

Calochortus [94]

Gunnisonii 18, [94]

2^6

INDEX

[424

References to the Flora are in brackets \ ^

Caltha [118]

chionophila [118]

leptosepala 37,39, [118]

rotundifolia [118]

Calypso borealis [97]

Calypso [97]

northern [^'i

Camass, death 34, [88]

poison [88]

falcate [88]

Camelina [128]

sativa 45, [128]

CAMPANALES 10, 12

Campanula [222]

Parryi [223]

petiolata 19, 26, [222]

uniflora 42, [222]

Campanulaceae [222]

Campanulales [222]

Campe [131]

Americana [131]

CAMPESTRES 9. 36

campestrian vegetation 36

Campion [117]

moss [117]

Canadian vegetation 9

Canary-grass [59]

reed. [59]

Cancer-root [219]

clustered [219]

yellow [219]

Cannabinaceae [102]

Caper family [135]

Capnoides [126]

aureum [126]

montanum [126]

pachylobum [126]

Capparidaceae [135]

Caraway [182]

common [182]

mountain [182]

Cardamine [133]

cardiophylla [134]

cordifolia 37, [133]

incana 37, [134]

infausta [134]

vallicola 12, [134]

Cardaria [127]

Draba [127]

Carduaceae [225]

Carduales [224]

Carduus Centaureae [253]

Coloradensis [254]

erosus. [254]

griseus [253]

megacephalus [254]

ochrocentrus [255]

Parryi [253]

Plattensis [254]

scopulorum [253]

undulatus [254]

Carex [81]

acutina [84]

alpina Stevenii [83]

athrostachya 14, [82]

atrata 41, [84]

aurea 28, [85]

Beckii [86]

bella 39, [84]

canescens H, [81]

capillaris 41, [86]

chalciolepis 41, [84]

chimaphila 41, [84]

Deweyana 25, [81]

Douglasii 15,27, [82]

durifolia [86]

ebenea 33,35,39, [82]

festiva.. ..22, 27,28, 35,39, [82]

Haydeniana [82]

festucacea 14, [83]

Geyeri 32, [85]

Goodenovii H, 37, [84]

Hoodii 28,35, [81]

incurva 41, [83]

lanuginosa 11, 35, [86]

marcida ...14,18,27, [82]

muricata Americana [81]

conjixa [81]

nigricans 41, [85]

obtusata 41, [85]

occidentalis H, 35, [81]

oreocharis [85]

Pennsylvanica vespertinalS, [86]

petasata 27, 35, [82]

pratensis 14,18,27, [83]

pulla .. [86]

Pyrenaica 41, [85]

rhomboidea [84]

rigida.. 41, [84]

rupestris 41, [85]

Sartwellii [82]

saxatilis [86]

scoparia 14, [82]

siccata 15, 27, [83]

stcnophylla [83]

stipata 11, [81]

straminea 15, 18, [83]

straminiformis 18, [83]

stricta H, [84]

tenella 28, [81]

umbellata brachyrhina [86]

hrevirostris 18, [86]

utriculata ii, [86]

variabilis [85]

425]

INDEX

277

References to the Flora arc in brackets [ 1

vespertina [86

vulgaris [84

alpina [84

vulpinoidea 11, [81

Carolinian flora 21, 22

Carpet-weed [113

common [113

Carrion flower [94

western [94

Carum [182

Carvi 46, [182

Hallii [183

Caryophyllaceae [117

Cashew family [167

Castilleja.. . ._ [215

Arapahoensis 40, [216

cognata 26, [216

confusa 26, 32, [216

Crista-galli [216

Integra 26, 32, [216

lancifolia 32, [217

lauta 32, [217

linariaefolia. .19, 26, [215], [216

filif or mis [215

occidentalis 42, [217

oreopola subintegra [217

pallida occidentalis [217

rhexif olia [217

sulphurea 32, 35, [216], [217

Castilleja 43

Catchfly [117

alpine 49

night-blooming [117

sleepy [117

depauperate [117

Catch-fly grass [59

Catmint [206

Catnip [206

common [206

Cat's-foot 31, [239

corymbed [240

fairest [241

false pearly [241

imbricate [240

marginate [240

medium [239

pearly, false [241

rosy [240

sharp-leaved [240

small-leaved [240

sunny [240

umber [239

Cattail 10, [55

broad-leaved [55

Cattail family [55

Ceanothus [168

Fendleri 19, 20, [168

mollissimus 20, [168]

ovatus pubescens [168]

pubescens [168]

subsericeus 20, [168]

velutinus 25, [168]

Cedar, Rocky Mount'n red. 29, [54]

Celtis [103]

reticulata 20, [103]

Cenchrus [59]

Carolinianus 44, [59]

tribuloides [59]

Centaurea [255]

Cyanus [255]

Centunculus [189]

minimus 20, [189]

Cerastium [115]

occidentale 22, [115]

Cerasus dernissa melanocarpa... .[152]

Ceratophyllaceae [118]

Ceratophyllum [118]

demersum 10, [118]

Cercocarpus [147]

parvifolius 20, [147]

Cereus viridiflorus [174]

Cereus, prickly [174]

green-flowered [174]

Chaetochloa [59]

glauca 44, [59]

Italica 46, [59]

viridis 44, [59]

Chaffweed [189]

least [189]

Chamaenerion [176]

angustifolium 25, [176]

platyphyllum [176]

Chamaesyce [174]

Fendleri 16, [164]

glyptosperma [164]

petaloidea [164]

rugulosa [164]

serpyllifolia 16, [164]

Cheat, common [75]

thatch [75]

Cheilanthes [51]

Feei 30, [51]

Fendleri 30, [51]

gracilis , [51]

lanuginosa [51]

Chenopodiaceae [108]

Chenopodiales [108]

Chenopodium [108]

album 45, [109]

Botrys 45, [109]

Fremontii 25. [109]

incanum [109]

hybridum 45, [109]

incanum [109]

278

INDEX

[426

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

leptophyllum 45, [108

oblofi gifolium [108

oblongifolium [108

rubrum 16, [109

Chenopods 16

Cherry [151

ground [208

red, wild [152

sand, Bessey's [152

wild 20,21, 28

black-fruited, western. . . . [152

Chess, common [75

soft [75

Chickweed [115

common [115

mouse-ear [115

western [115

Chicory [256

common [256

Chimaphila [185

umbellata 26, [185

Chionophila [213

Jamesii 42, [213

Chondrophylla [191

Americana [191

Fremontii [191

Choripetalae [98

Chrysanthemum [246

Leucanthemum [246

Chrysopogon nutans 15, [57

Chrysopsis [227

amplifolia [228

arida [228

Bakeri 32, [228

Caudata 30,(228

compacta [228

Cooperi [229

foliosa [228

hirsutissima [227

hispida 16, [228

incana [228

rcsinolens 19, [228

obtusata [228

villosa. 16, [228

hispida [228

Chrysothamnus [229

elegans 35, [229

graveolens 17, [229

nauseosus graveolens [229

Parryi 36, [229

pulcherrimus 16, 17, [229

fascicularis [229

Cicely, sweet 21, [182

CiCHORIACEAE [255

Cichorium [256

Intybus 45, [256

Cicuta.. .. : [182

occidentalis 11, [182]

Cinna [63]

latifolia 28,33, [63]

pendula [63]

Cinquefoil [141], [142]

branched [143]

bushy [141]

cut-leaved [142]

glaucous [142]

diffuse [143]

fairest [143]

glandular, large-flowered.. . .[145]

ground [142]

lateral-flowered [142]

minute-leaved [143]

Pennsylvania, arachnoid.. . .[143]

villous [143]

rough [142]

shrubby [144]

tall [144]

white-seeded [142]

woolly [143]

Circaea [180]

alpina 22,29, [180]

Circumpolar vegetation 9

Cirsium [253]

acaulescens X Americanum..[254]

Americanum 26, [253]

Americanum X griseum .... [254]

Centaureae [253], [254]

Coloradense 32, [254]

erosum 26, [254]

griseum 42, [253]

megacephalum 15, [254

ochrocentrum 15, [255]

Parryi [253]

- Plattense [254]

scopulorum 42, [253]

undulatum 16, [254

Clammy-weed [135]

large-flowered [135]

Claytonia [114]

Chamissonis [114]

megarrhiza 41, [114]

rosea [114]

Clematis [121]

Douglasii Jonesii [121]

eriophora [122]

ligusticifolia 28, [121]

Cleome serrulata [135]

Cleome [135]

pink [135]

white [135]

Climate and rainfall 5- 8

Climatology 5

Clivose vegetation 21

Closed gentian [191]

427]

INDEX

279

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Bigelow's

Parry's

Romanzof's

Clover 44,

alpine

alsike

gray

livid

prairie

red

sheep

sweet

white

white

Club-moss 40,

little

stiff

Club-moss family

Cancer-root

clustered

yellow

Cnicus A mericanus

eriocephalus

ochrocentrus

Parryi

undulatiis

megacephalus

Cocklebur

common

Cockspur grass

Cogswellia

orientalis 26,

Coleosanthus

albicaulis 30,

congestus

minor 30,

umbellatus

Collinsia

parviflora

tenella 29,

CoIIomta

linearis 19, 23,

Boulderensis

micrantha

Coltsfoot, sweet

Columbine

azure

blue

Columbo

narrow-leaved

narrow-sepalled

showy

Comandra

pallida 18,43,

COMMELINACEAE

Composites 13,

Cone-flower 13,

[192
[192
[192
[154
40
[154
[154
[154
[160
[154
[154
[155
[155
[154
[52
[52
[52
[52
[219
[219
[219
[253
[253
[255
[253
[254
[254
[225
[225
[58
[184
[184
[225
[226
[225
[225
[225
[211
[211
[211
[198
[198
[198
[196
[248
[119
[119
40
[192
[193
[192
[192
[103
[103
[87
43
[242]

gray-headed [242]

long-headed [242]

brown [242]

yellow [242]

Conioselinum [184]

scopulorum 32, [184]

CONVALLARIACEAE [93]

CONVOLVULACEAE [195]

Convolvulus [195]

ambigens [196]

arvensis 45, [196]

interior [196]

Corallorhiza [97]

Corallorhiza 22,43, [97]

innata [97]

multiflora 43, [97]

ochroleuca [97]

Cord-grass [66]

freshwater [66]

Corispermum [1 10]

marginale [HO]

CORNACEAE [181]

Cornflower [255]

CORRIGIOLA FAMILY [112]

CORRIGIOLACEAE [112 ]

Corydalis aurea [126]

aurea occidentalis [126]

Corydalis [126]

golden [126]

mountain [126]

CORYLACEAE [102]

Corylus [102]

rostrata 22,28, [102]

Cottonwood 12,21,28, [98]

black [98]

narrow-leaved [98]

western [98]

Cowbane [182]

western [182]

Cow herb.. [117]

Cow parsnip [184]

woolly.... _ [184]

Cowslip, white 39

Crab-grass [57], [66]

wild [66]

Cranberry, high-bush [221]

Cranesbill [162]

Bicknell's [162]

Fremont's [162]

Parry's [162]

Patterson's [162]

Richardson's [162]

Cranny and crevice vegetation. 5

Crassulaceae [136]

Crataegus [150]

Cerronis [151]

Coloradensis 22, [150]

280

INDEX

I 428

References to the Flora are in brackets \ ]

Colorado [150]

Coloradoides 20, 22, [151]

Doddsii 22, [151]

erythropoda 20, 22, [151]

occidentalis 20, 22, [150]

Creeper, Virginia [169]

Crepis [256]

alpicola 42, [257]

angustata [257]

denticulata 26, 34, [257]

glaucella [257]

occidentalis [257]

perplexa [256]

petiolata 26, [256]

runcinata [256]

Cress 27, [128]

hoary [127]

marsh [129]

blunt-leaved [129]

curved-podded [129]

rock [134]

Stanley's [135]

glaucous [135]

water [128]

winter [131]

American [131]

yellow [129]

spreading [129]

warty-podded [129]

Crevice and cranny vegeta-
tion 24, 29

Croton [163]

Texensis [163]

Croton [163]

Texas [163]

Crowfoot [122]

alpine [123]

creeping [123]

elliptic-leaved [123]

heart-leaved [123]

kidney-leaved [124]

Nuttall's [124]

seaside [124]

small-flowered [124]

small-petalled [123]

swamp, western [124]

ugly [123]

western swamp [124]

white water 34, [122]

flaccid-leaved [122]

Crowfoot family [118]

Crownbeard [243]

western [244]

Crunocallis [114]

Chamissoi 11,28, [114]

Cryptanthe [201]

crassisepala 16, [201]

Pattersonii [202]

Cryptogramme [50]

acrostichoides 29, [50]

Cudweed [241]

marsh [241]

sulphurescent [24l]

Wright's [241]

Cultivated plants 7

Cultural plants 7, 44

Currant [139]

black, small [139]

golden, long-flowered [140]

red [140]

western [139]

wax 20, 29

small [140]

Cuscuta [195]

curta 43, [195]

Gronovii curta [195]

indecora 43, [195]

CUSCUTACEAE [195]

Cut-grass, rice [59]

Cycloloma [110]

atriplicifolium [HO]

platyphyllum [HO]

Cymop.terus, false [185]

CypePvAceae [79]

Cyper grass [79]

awned [79]

Bush's [79]

Cyperus [79]

aristatus [79]

Bushii [79]

inflexus 11, [79]

Cyrtorrhyncha 25, [124]

Cymbalaria [124]

ranunculina [124]

Cytherea [97]

bulbosa 32, [97]

Dactylis [69]

glomerata 44, [69]

Daisy, mountain [239]

oxeye [246]

Daisy fleabane [238]

Dandehon [248]

common [248]

mountain [248]

Danthonia, Californica [66]

intermedia [66]

spicata [66]

Darnel [75]

Dasiphora [144]

fruticosa 33,35,(144]

Dasystephana [191]

Bigelovii [192]

Parryi 42, [192]

Romanzovii 42, [192]

429]

INDEX

281

References to the Flora are in br.ickets r 1

Datura [210]

Stramonium 45, [210]

Tatula 45, [210]

Dayflower family [87]

Dead nettle family [205]

Delavaux' evening primrose.. . [179]

short-podded [179]

Delphinium [119]

Ajacis 46, [120]

Barbeyi [120]

camporum 18, [119]

Nelsonii 18, [119]

occidentale 32, 35, [119]

Penardii 15, 18, [119]

quercetorum [119]

scopulorum subalpinum [120]

subalpinum .'[120]

Deschampsia [65]

caespitosa 34, 35, [65]

Deweya acaulis [163]

Deyeuxia Canadensis [65]

sylvatica [64]

Dichrophyllum marginatum.. . .[165]

Dicotyledones [98]

Disporum 28, [93]

majus 28, [93]

trachycarpum [93]

Disporum, rough-fruited [93]

Distegia.. . . : [2221

involucrata 29, [222]

Distichlis [69]

maritima stricta [69]

striata 16, [69]

Dock [105]

bitter [105]

curly [105]

dense-flowered [105]

spatter, western [125]

western [105]

willow-leaved [105]

Dodder [195]

pretty [105]

short-styled [195]

Dodder family [195]

Dodecatheon [189]

pauciflorum [189]

philoscia d,3, [189]

radicatum 29, 35, [189]

sinuatum [189]

sinuatum 29, [189]

Dogbane [193]

clasping-leaved [193]

crag [193]

pale [193]

smooth [193]

spreading [193]

Dogbane family [193]

Dog-tooth violet [92]

Dogwood 21, 27, 28, [181]

red-osier [181]

Dogwood family [181]

Dondia [Ill]

depressa 17, [111]

pt*pp|-o f 1 1 1 1

Double bladder pod ! . .[128]

common [128]

many-flowered [128]

Douglas spruce 24, 25, [54]

Douglasia Johnstoni [189]

Draba [132]

aurea 32,42, [133]

aureiformis 42, [133]

Bakeri [133]

cana 41, [133]

Coloradensis [132]

crassifolia 41, [132]

decumbens 42, [133]

Fladnizensis 39, [133]

luteola 41, [133]

nemorosa [132]

streptocarpa 28, 32, 41, [133]

Dracaenaceae [94]

Dracocephalum [206]

parviflorum 23, 26, [206]

Dragon's-head [206]

small-flowered [206]

Dragon-tree family [94]

Dropseed [63]

hair-grass [63]

northern [63]

rough [63]

sand . [63]

Drop-seed grass [61]

marsh [61]

slender [62]

Dropwort, water [183]

Drosace [189]

carinata [189]

Dryas [147]

octopetala 42, [147]

Dryas 40

Drymocallis [144]

arguta 14, [144]

fissa. 18, [145]

Dryopteris [49]

Filix-mas [49]

Duckweed 10, [87]

gibbous [87]

lesser [87]

Duckweed family [87]

Dysodia chrysanthemoides [246]

Eaton grass [68]

blunt-scaled [68]

Pennsylvania [68]

282

INDEX

[430

References to the Flora are In b^ackets \ 1

stout [68]

Eatoni [68]

obtusata [68]

robusta [68]

Pennsylvania 28, [68]

robusta 12, [68]

Echinocereus [174]

viridiflorus 19, [l74]

Echinochloa [58]

Crus-galli 44, [58]

mutica [58]

Echinocystis lohata [222]

Echinospermum floribunduni.. . [200]

Redowskyi occidentale [200]

cupulatum [200]

Edwinia [139]

Americana 30, [139]

Elaeagnaceae [175]

Elder [220]

black-berried [221]

box 12, [168]

marsh [224]

small-berried [220]

Eleocharis [80]

acicularis 11, [80]

acuminata 11, [80]

glaucescens 11, [80]

palustris 11, [80]

glaucescens [80]

tenuis [80]

Elephant, little red 39, [218]

Elephantella [218]

Groenlandica 34, 35, 40, [218]

Elm [103]

American [103]

Elm family [103]

Elymus [78]

ambiguus 27, [79]

brachystachys 15,18, [78]

Canadensis 12, [78]

condensatus [78]

Macounii 14, [78]

robustus 12, [78]

strigosus 27, [79]

villiflorus 18,27, [79]

Enchanter's nightshade [180]

alpine [180]

ENSIFORMES 18, 19

Epilobiaceae [176]

Epilobium [177]

adenocaulon 11, 29, 33, [177]

occidentale [177]

adenocladon [178]

alpinum [177]

anagallidifolium 2)2i, 42, [177]

angustifolium [176]

occidentale [177]

paniculatum 19, [177]

rubescens 33, [177]

Equisetaceae [52]

Equisetales [52]

Equisetum [52]

arvense 10, [52]

laevigatum 10,12,28, [52]

Eragrostis [68]

major 44, [68]

pectinacea 15, [68]

Ericaceae [186]

Ericales [185]

Erigeron [235]

acris debilis [236]

Bellidastrum [238]

Canadensis [239]

canus [239]

compositus [236]

pinnatisectus [236]

trifidus [236]

debilis [236]

divergens 15, [238]

eximius 32, [238]

flagellaris 15, [239]

glandulosus 32, [237]

jucundus 34. 40, [236]

leucotrichus 42, [237]

lonchophyllus 34, [235]

macranthus 26, 37, [238]

mirus [238]

melanocephalus 42, [236]

minor 34, [236]

multifidus 32, [236]

oreocharis [236]

pinnatisectus 42, [236]

pumilus [237]

pusillus [239]

ramosus 16, 45, [238]

salicinus 26, [237]

salsuginosus 40, [237]

glacialis [237]

simplex 44, [236]

Smithii 36, [238]

speciosus 32, [236]

stolonifer [239]

slrigosus [238]

subtrinervis 32, [238]

superbus 32,40, [237]

trifidus 32, [236]

uniflorus [236]

Eriocoma [61]

cuspidata 20, [61]

Eriogonum [104]

alatum 18, [104]

Bakeri... [104]

crassijoliiitn [104]

cffusum 15, [104]

431]

INDEX

283

References to the Flora are In brackets r 1

flavum 18,

vegetius

Jamesii flavescens

subalpinum 37,

umbellatum 18,

Eriophyllum lanatum

Eritrichium

argenteum

Erodium

cicutariuni 45,

Erysimum

alpestre

asperum

alpestre

namim

Cockerellianum.. .25,32,41,

nivale 41,

oblanceolatum

Erythrocoma

ciliata 35,42,

Erythronium

grandiflorum parviflorum.. . .

parviflorum 41,

Escapes 43,

Eucephalus

Engelmannii 32,

glaucus 26,

Eupatorium

maculatum 21,

Euphorbia Arkansana

cuphosperma

dentata

Fendleri

glyptosperma

marginata

montana

robusta

petaloidea

serpyllifolia

rugulosa

EUPHORBIACEAE

EUPHORBIALES

Eurotia

lanata

Eustoma

Andrewsii

Eustoma

Andrews's

Eutoca

sericea 32, 42,

Evening primrose

Delavaux'

hairy

Hooker's

scapose

tooth-leaved,
white

[104
[104
[104
[104
[104
[245
[201
[201
[163
[163
[130
[131
[130
[131
[131
[131
[131
[131
[145
[145
[92
[92
[92
46
[233
[233
[233
[225
[225
[165
[166
[166
[164
ri64
[165
[165
[165
[164
[164
[164
[163
[163
[110
[110
[190
[190
[190
[190
[200
[200
[178
[179
[178
[178
[179
[180
[178

Everlasting [239

pearly [241

false [241

Evolvulus [195

argenteus [195

Nuttallianus 16, [195

Fabaceae 152

FAENALES 43, 44

Fagales [101

False buckwheat [108

common [108

False buffalo grass [68

False cymopterus [185

multifid-leaved [185

sylvan [185

False flax [128

False foxglove, purple [215

False gromwell [204

western [204

False indigo [159

shrubby [159

small-leaved [160

False oat [65

larger [65

mountain [65

narrow [65

False pearly everlasting [241

False Solomon's seal [ 93

clasping-leaved [93

starry [93

False sunflower, five-ribbed. . . [243

False timothy [62

Fame-flower [113

small-flowered [113

Feather geranium [109

Fern 3,27, 29

bladder [50

fragile 21, [50

grape [49

lip [51

parsley [50

shield [49

Fern family [49

Fernworts [49

Fescue-grass [73

King's [73

meadow [73

naked-stemmed [74

' prostrate [74

red [74

sheep [74

short-leaved [74

slender [73

small-flowered [74

Festuca [73

brachyphylla 27,41, [74

confinis 27, [74

284

INDEX

[43'^

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

elation... 14,44,

pralensis

ingrata nudata

Kingii ■ ■ ■

minutiflora 41,

octoflora 15, 18,

ovina

brevifolia

nudata

supina

rubra 35,

tenella

Figwort

western

Figwort family

FiLICALES

Filix

fragilis 22,29,

Finger grass

Fir 24,31,38,39,

balsam 36, 39,

red

Fireweed

narrow-leaved

Five-finger [141],

Flax

false

Lewis's

meadow

Flax family

Fleabane 27, 31,

black-headed

broad-rayed

choice

common

composite

daisy

divergent

glandular

ice

lance-leaved.. .
large-flowered.

multifid

pinnate

pleasant

showy.

simple

small

smaller

Smith's

stoloniferous.

superb

three-nerved,
three-parted .
white-haired.

willow

wonderful.. . .

[73]

[73]

f74]

[74]

[74]

[73]

[74]

[74]

[74]

[74]

[74]

[73]

[211]

[211]

[211]

[49]

[50]

[50]

[57]

40

[54]

[54]

[176]

[176]

[142]

[163]

[128]

[163]

[163]

[163]

[235]

[236]

[237]

[238]

[238]

[236]

[238]

[238]

[237]

[237]

[235]

[238]

[236]

[236]

[236]

[238]

[236]

[237]

[236]

[238]

[239]

[237]

[238]

[236]

[237]

[237]

[238]

Fleur-de-lis [95]

Flora of Boulder, Colorado... . [49]

Flowering raspberry 29, [141]

savory [141]

Fly-honeysuckle [222]

involucred [222]

Fog-fruit [205]

wedge-leaved [205]

Fontinal vegetation 21, 27

Foot-hill canon society.. ..24, 27, 36
Foot-hill flora 9, 17, 23,.. 24, 29, 30

Foot-hill meadow society 24, 27

Forage plants 43, 44

Foxglove, false .[215]

Foxtail [59], [62]

ditch [63]

green [59]

swamp [62]

western [63]

yellow [59]

Fragaria [143]

Americana [144]

bracteata 28, [144]

glauca [144]

pauciflora [144]

prolifica [144]

vesca Americana [144]

Fragile-fern 21, [50]

Fragrant sumach [167]

three-lobed [167]

Frangulaceae [168]

Franseria discolor [224]

Frasera [192]

angustifolia [193]

speciosa [192]

stenosepala 26, [192]

FUGITIVAE 44, 46

Fumariaceae [126]

Fumitory family [126]

Fungi, parasitic 43

saprophytic 43

Gaertneria [224]

tomentosa 16, [224]

Gaertneria, woolly [225]

Gaillardia [245]

aristata 15, 19, [245]

Gaillardia 13, 27

awned [245]

Galingale [79]

Galium [220]

Aparine Vaillantii [220]

boreale 23, 26, [220]

flaviflorum 23, [220]

triflorum 26, [220]

Vaillantii 23, [220]

Gaultheria [186]

humifusa [186]

433]

INDEX

285

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Myrsinitis [186

Gaura [180

coccinea 14, [ISO

glabra 14, [180

parviflora 14, 19, [180

Gaura [180

scarlet [180

small-flowered [180

smooth [180

Gayophyte [178

intermediate [178

Gayophytum [178]

intermedium 19, [178

Gentian 39, [190

American [191

closed [191

Bigelow's [192

Parry's [192

Romanzof's [191

crag [191

Fremont's [191

fringed [190

bearded [190

showy [190

Holm's [191

low [191

one-flowered [190

strict-flowered [190

Gentian family [190

Gentiana amarella acicta [191

amarella stricta [190

barbellata [190

Bigelovii [192

elegans [190

Fremontii [191

monantha [190

Moseleyi [190

Parryi [192

plebeja [191

Holniii [191

prostrata Americana [191

Romanzovii [191

strictiflora [191

Gentianaceae [190

Gentianales [190

Gentianella dementis [191

Geoprumnon [155

succulentum 18, [155

Geraniaceae [162

Geraniales [162

Geranium [162

BicknelUi [162

Fremontii 19, [162

Parryi [162

gracilentum [162

longipes [162

Parryi 22, [162

Pattcrsonii

Richardsonii 29, 35,

Geranium, feather

Geranium family

Gcrardia

Besseyana 15, 43,

Germander

western

Geum

ciliatum

Oregonense 28, 35,

Rossii humilis

scopulorum 22,

strictum 28,

triflorum

turbinatum

urbanum Oregonense

Gilia.

aggregata attenuata.

attenuata.
collina.

Brandegeei .

Candida 19,

inconspicua.

linearis.

pinnatifida 19,

sinuata 19,

spicata.
Gilia.

acute-lobed

foothill

inconspicuous

small-flowered

spiked

wavy-leaved

white

Gill-over-the-ground

Glechoma, see Glecoma.
Glecoma

hederacea 45,

Globe-flower 39,

white

Glycyrrhiza

lepidota

Gnaphalium

palustre 34,

sulphurescens

Wrightii 26,

Goatsbeard, yellow

Gold, mountain

Golden aster 13,

ample-leaved

arid

Baker's

caudate

Cooper's

hairiest

[162]
[162]
[109]
[162]
[215]
[215]
[205]
[205]
[145]
fl45]
[145]
[147]
[145]
145]
145]
146]
146]
197]
197]
197]
197]
199]
197]
[197]
[198]
197]
197]
fl97]
[197]
197]
\91]
[197]
[197]
197]
197]
[197]
[206]

206]
[206]
118]
118]
159]
159]
[241]
[241]
741]
f241]
[255]
[230]
f227]
[228]
[228]
[228]
[228]
r229]
[227]

286

INDEX

[434

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

hispid [228]

leafy [228]

obtuse-leaved [228]

resinous [228]

villous [228]

Golden currant, long-flowered. .[140]

Golden glow [242]

Golden rod 13, 31, [230]

common [231]

decumbent [230]

dwarf [230]

dwarf [232]

harsh-leaved [232]

hoary [232]

many-leaved [231]

Missouri, stout [231]

mountain loving [230]

open-topped [230]

pale [231]

Pitcher's [231]

prettiest [232]

smoothest [231]

stiff, hoary [232]

three-nerved [232]

viscid [231]

yellowish-gray [231]

Gooseberry 29, [139]

Purpus's [139]

valley [139]

Gooseberry family [139]

Goosefoot [108]

Fremont's [109]

hoary [109]

maple-leaved [109]

narrow-leaved [108]

oblong-leaved [108]

red [109]

white [109]

Goosefoot family [108]

Gourd family [222]

Grama-grass [67]

common [67]

prairie [67]

Grape 21, [169]

Boulder [169]

river-bank [169]

Grape family [169]

Grape-fern, Virginia [49]

Grapes, Oregon [125]

Grass. . 6, 10, 12, 27, 34, 39, 40, [44]

barnyard [58]

beard [57], [63]

bent [64]

blue [69], [70], [72]

blue-eyed 34, [95]

bristle [78]

brome [74]

broom 13, [57]

buffalo 13, [67], [68]

bunch 20,57, [74]

bur [59]

canary [59]

catchfly [59]

cockspur [58]

cord [66]

crab [57], [66]

cut [59]

cyper [79]

dropseed [61]

Eaton [68]

fescue [73]

finger [57]

grama [67]

hair [64], [65]

holy [60]

Indian [57]

lyme [78]

manna [72]

marsh [66]

meadow 14, [69]

melic [69]

mesquit 13, [67]

Munro's [68]

oat [66]

orchard [68]

panic [57], [58]

pepper [127]

penny [127]

porcupine 13, [60]

poverty [60]

prairie [68]

quack [76]

reed [63], [64]

rush [61], [62]

rye [75]

salt [69]

salt meadow [73]

skunk [68]

spear [69]

spike [69]

squirrel-tail [77]

stink [68]

switch [58]

triple-awned [60]

turkey-foot 13, [57]

wheat [76]

whitlow [132]

witch [57]

Grass family f57]

Grass-fern [51]

Grass of Parnassus [139]

fimbriate [139]

Grass of parnassus family.. [139]
Cratiola [214]

435]

INDEX

287

References? to the Flora arc in brackets \ 1

Virginiana 11,[214]

Great blue lobelia, Louisiana.. . [223]

Greek valerian [198]

Brandeg^e's [199]

purple [199]

stout [198]

yellow [198]

Greenbrier family [94]

Green milkweed [194]

common [194]

narrow leaved [194]

Grindelia [226]

Eldorae 36, [227]

erecta [227]

perennis 15, [227]

serrulata 15, [226]

serrulata X perennis [227]

subalpina 36, [227]

Texana [226]

Grossulariaceae [139]

Gromwell [203]

false [204]

Ground cherry [208]

clammy [209]

hairy [209]

long-leaved [208]

prairie [208]

purple....- [209]

round-leaved [209]

lobed [209]

Virginia [209]

Ground ivy [206]

Ground nut [161]

Boulder [161]

Ground plum [155]

succulent [155]

Groundsel 31, [249]

admirable [250]

alpine [249]

bashful [249]

blite [249]

broom-like [253]

Columbian [250]

Fendler's [251]

green-flowered [249]

Hall's [249]

Harbour's [251]

Hooker's [250]

lapathus-Ieaved [250]

leafy [251]

many-headed [253]

perplexing [250]

Pursh's [251]

ragweed-like [253]

Riddell's [253]

thickish [250]

triangular-leaved [249]

turnip-leaved [250]

water-loving [250]

Gum plant [226]

Eldora [227]

erect.. [227]

perennial [227]

serrulate [226]

subalpine [227]

Texan [226]

Gumweed 13, [44]

Gunnera family [181]

gunneraceae [181]

Gutierrezia [226]

longifolia 16, 19, [226]

scoparia 16, 19, [226]

Gutierrezia, broom [226]

long-leaved [226]

Gymnolomia [241]

multiflora 29, [241]

Gymnolomia, many-flowered. . [241]

Gyrostachys stricta [96]

Hahenaria Unalaschensis [96]

Hackberry 20, [103]

veiny-leaved [103]

Hair grass [64], [65]

tufted [65]

Halerpestes [124]

Cymbalaria... 11, [124]

Halictus galpinsiae [180]

Harbouria [182]

trachypleura 25, [182]

Harbour's hemlock [182]

rough-ribbed [182]

Harebell [222]

Arctic [222]

Parry's [222]

Haw 20, 21, [28]

Cerro [151]

Colorado [150]

false [151]

Dodd's [151]

western [150]

Hawthorne [150]

Hawk's-beard [256]

alpine [257]

glaucescent [256]

narrow-leaved.. [257]

perplexing [256]

petioled [256]

runcinate [256]

toothed [256]

western [257]

Hawkweed [257]

Fendler's [257]

slender [257]

white-flowered [257]

Hazel 21, 27, [102]

288

INDEX

[436

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

long-beaked 21,

Hazel family

Hazelnut, beaked

Heal-all

Heath family

Hedeoma

hispida 16,

Hederaceae

Hedge hyssop

clammy

Hedge mustard

common

Hedge nettle

crag

Helenium

montanum 12,

Helianthella

quinquenervis 37,

Helianthus

fascicularia

giganteus Utahensis

grosse-serratus 15,

lenticularis 15,

coronatus

petiolaris 16, 45,

phenax

pumilus 16,

subrhomboideus 19,

Utahensis

Hemlock, Harbour's

water

Hemlock parsley

Rocky Mountain

Hemp, Indian

Hemp family

Heracleum

lanatum 23, 29,

Hesperaster strictus

Heteranthera

limosa 11,

Heuchera

bracteata 30,

Hallii. ._ 42,

parvifolia 22, 42,

Hieracium

albiflorum 26, 32,

Fendleri 26,

gracile 40,

Hierochloe

borealis

odorata

High ridge flora

Hoarhound, water

Hoary cress

Holly barberry

Hollyhock.

common.

[28
102
102
206
186
207
207
181
214
214
130
130
206
206
245
245
243
243
242
243
[243
243
242
246
243
243
243
243
243
182
182
184
184
193
102
184
184
173

137

137

137

137

2^7

257

257

257

[60

[60

[60

37

[208

[127

[125

[170

[170

Holodiscus [147

dumosus [147

Homalobus [157

campestris [157

decumbens 25, [157

flexuosus [157

Salidae 14, [158

tenellus 25, 35, [157

Homalocenchrus [59

oryzoides 11, [59

Honeysuckle, fly [222

Honeysuckle family [220

Hop [102

New Mexico [102

Hordeum [77

jubatum 14, [77

pusillum 15, [77

sativum hexastichon 46, [77

Hornwort 10, [118

common [118

Hornwort family [118

Horse-cane [224

Horsemint [207

pectinate [207

Ramaley's [207

Horse radish [130

common [130

Horsetail [52

field [52

Horsetail family [52

Horseweed [239

common [239

dwarf _ [239

Hudsonian vegetation 9, [32

HUMIDAE 13, [14

Humulus _. [102

Lupulus Neo-Mexicanus.22, [102

Hydrangea family [139

Hydrangeaceae [139

Hydrolea family [199

Hydroleaceae [199

Hydrophyllum [199

Fendleri 23, [199

occidentale Fendleri [199

Hypericaceae [171

Hypericales [171

Hypericum [171

Canadense niajus [171

formosum [171

majus 11, [171

Hvssop, hedge [214

Ibidium [96

Romanzoffianum strict-

um 28,33, [96

Indian breadroot [160

few-flowered [160

silver-leaf [160

437]

INDEX

289

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

Indian currant, huckleberry. . . [221]

mountain [221J

Indian grass [57]

nodding [57]

Indian hemp [193]

St. Johnswort [193]

Indian pinii [215]

Indian pipe family [185]

Innocence [211]

Introduction 1

lonidiujn lineare [172]

Ipomoea purpurea [195]

Iris [95]

Missouriensis 11, [95]

Iva [224]

axillaris 12, 17, 45, [224]

xanthifolia 12, 43, 45, [224]

Ivy, ground [206]

poison [167]

Ivy family [181]

ixia family [95]

ixiaceae [95]

Jacob's ladder [198]

delicate [198]

fairest [198]

soft [198]

Jacob's ladder family [196]

Jamesia Americana [139]

Jamesia.. . 29, [139]

American [139]

Jerusalem oak [109]

Jimson weed [210]

Joe-Pye weed, spotted [225]

Juncaceae [88]

Juncoides [90]

parviflorum 28, [ii]

melanocarpum [90]

subcongestum [91]

spicatum 39, [91]

Juncus [88]

Arizonicus 14, [89]

Baiticus montanus 11, 28, [88]

bufonius [89]

castaneus 41, [90]

confusus 14, [89]

Drummondii 39, [89]

Dudleyi 14, [89]

interior 14, [89]

longistylis 11,35, [89]

marginatus 11, [89]

Mertensianus [90]

nodosus 11, [90]

parous 35, [90]

Saximontanus ii, 35, [90]

Torreyi 11, [90]

triglumis 41, [90]

Juneberry 20, [29]

elliptical-leaved [150]

many-fruited [150]

Juniper ^54]

low 20

mountain [54]

Juniper family [54]

Juniperaceae [54]

scopulorum [54]

Sibirica 20, [54]

Kale, sea [Ill]

Kalmia [186]

glauca micro phylla [186]

microphylla 39, [186]

Knotweed [106]

box-like [106]

bushy [106]

Douglas's [106]

branched [106]

Engelmann's [106]

erect [106]

one-leaved [106]

Saguache [106]

Watson's [106]

Knotweed family [104]

Koeleria [68]

cristata 14,18,27, [68]

nitida [68]

Koniga [132]

maritima 46, [132]

Krummholtz.... 38,39, [40]

Krynitzkia crassisepala [201]

Jamesii [201]

Pattersonii [201]

virgata [201]

Kuhnia [225]

enpatorioides corymbulosa.. . . [225]

glutinosa 16, [225]

Gooddingii [225]

Hitchcockii.._ 16, [225]

Kuhnia, Goodding's [225]

Hitchcock's [225]

sticky [225]

Kuhnistera oligophylla [160]

purpurea [160]

Kunzia [147]

tridentata [147]

Laciniaria [226]

ligulistylis 26, [226]

punctata 16, [226]

Lactuca [258]

Canadensis [259]

integrata 45, [259]

Ludoviciana [259]

pulchella 12, [259]

spicata 12, [259]

LACUSTRES 31, [34]

Lacustrine flora [37]

290

INDEX

[438

References to the Flora are In brackets f 1

Ladies' tresses [96

narrow-spiked [96

Lady's thumb [107

common [107

dock-leaved [107

Muhlenberg's [107

Lambkill [186

Lamb's quarters [108

Lamiaceae [205

Lappula [200

angustata 26, [200

cupulata 16. [200

floribunda 26, [200

occidentalis 16, [200

Larkspur 34, [119

Barbey's [120

garden [120

Nelson's [120

Penard's [120

plains [120

western [120

Lathyrus [161

leucanthus 21, 25, [161

Laurel, swamp [I86

Lavauxia [179

brachycarpa [1 79

Lead plant [159

Leather flower [121

Jones's [121

woolly [121

Leersia oryzoides [59

Lemna [87

gibba 10, [87

minor 10, [87

Lemnaceae [87

Leonurus [206

Cardiaca 45, [206

Lepargyraea [175

Canadensis 25, [175

Lepidium [127

divergens [127

Draha [127

medium [127

Leptasea [138

austromontana 36, 42, [138

chrysantha 42, [138

flagellaris 42, [138

Hirculus [138

Leptilon [239

Canadense 45, [239

pusillum [239

Lesquerella [128

Shearis [128

Lettuce [258

common blue [259

common wild [259

Louisiana [259

prickly [259]

showy [259]

Lecocrinum [92]

montanum [92]

Liatris punctata [226]

Lichens 29

Ligusticum [183]

affine [183]

Porteri 23,26,(183]

scopulorum [184]

LiLIACEAE [92]

LiLIALES [88]

Lilium [92]

Philadelphicum montan-
um 28, [92]

Lily [92]

Mariposa 17,18,27, [94]

mountain 27, [92]

pond 34, [125]

sand [92]

Lily family [92]

lily-of-the-valley family. . [93]

Limnorchis [95]

borealis 2>2>, [96]

laxiflora 22,28, [96]

stricta 33, [95]

viridiflora 22,28, [95]

Limose society 10

Limosella [214]

aquatica 10, 34, [214]

Linaceae [l63]

Linanthus [196]

Harknessii [196]

Linanthus, Harkness' [196]

Linaria [211]

Canadensis 20, [211]

Linnaea [221]

Americana 26, [221]

Linum [163]

Lewisii 15, 19, [163]

perenne Lewisii [163]

pratense [163]

Lip-fern [51]

Fendler's [51]

woolly [51]

Lippia cuneifolia [205]

Liquorice, wild [159]

Lister a borealis [96]

nephrophylla [96]

Lithospcrmum [203]

albescens [203]

anguslifolium [203]

breviflorum 16, [203]

canescens 14, [203]

linearifolium [203]

Little red elephant [218]

Greeland [218]

439]

INDEX

291

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

Liverwort 27

Lloydia [92]

serotina 41, [92J

Lloydia, late [92]

LOASA FAMILY [173]

LOASACEAE [173]

Lobelia... [223]

syphilitica Ludoviciana. . 12, [223]

Lobelia [223]

Louisiana great blue [223]

Lobelia family [223]

lobeliaceae [223]

Loco-weed 13, 34, [158]

broad-leaved [158]

cespitose [158]

deflexed [158]

Lambert's [159]

little [158]

Richardson's [159]

silky [159]

Lolium [75]

Italicum 44, [75]

Lomatimn Grayi [184]

Long-headed coneflower [242]

brown [242]

Looking-glass, Venus's [223]

Loosestrife [176], [188]

fringed [188]

winged . . : [176]

LORANTHACEAE [103]

Lousewort 34, [218]

crag [218]

Gray's [218]

Parry's [218]

racemose [218]

Lovage [1^3]

Porter's. . [183]

Lower Transition vegetation . . 9

Lucerne [154]

Lungwort [202]

alpine [202]

greenish [202]

hairy [203]

lance-leaved [202]

linear-leaved [202]

perplexing [203]

pleasant [202]

small-flowered [203]

Lupine 13, [153]

alpine [153]

decumbent [153]

silvery [154]

Platte [153]

red-stemmed [153]

small-flowered [153]

Lupinus [153]

alpestres [153]

alsophilus [153]

argenteus decumbens [153]

decumbens, 14, 18, [153]

argentatus 14, [154]

leplostachys [153]

parviflorus [153]

Plattensis 18, [153]

rubricaulis [153]

Luzula melanocarpus [90]

spadicea subcongesta [91]

spicata [91]

Lychnis [117]

Drummondii 18, [117]

Lycium [210]

vulgare 46, [210]

Lycopersicum, see Lycopersicon

Lycopersicon [210]

Lycopersicum 46, [210]

Lycopodiaceae [52]

Lycopodiales [52]

Lycopodium [52]

annotinum 39, [52]

Lycopsis [204]

arvensis 46, [204]

Lycopus [208]

Americanus 11, [208]

Eiiropeus sinuatus [208]

lucidus 11, [208]

sinuatus [208]

Lycurus [62]

phleoides [62]

Lygodesmia [256]

grandiflora [256]

juncea [256]

Lygodesmia, large-flowered. . . . [256]

rush-like [256]

Lyme grass [78]

ambiguous [79]

smooth [79]

strigose [79]

villous [79]

Lythraceae [176]

Lythrum [176]

alatum 11, [176]

Machaeranthera [235]

aspera 26, [235]

Bigelovii... 26, [235]

coronopifolia [235]

Pattersonii [235]

varians [235]

Macrocalyx 23, [199]

Nyctelea 23, [199]

Macronema pygmaeum [230]

Madder family [220]

Madwort [132]

Mahogany, mountain [147]

Malaceae [150]

292

INDEX

[440

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

Male-fern [49]

Mallow [170]

false [170]

scarlet [170]

round-leaved [170]

western [170]

white [170]

Mallow family [170]

Malva [170]

rotundifoHa 45, [170]

Malvaceae [170]

Malvales [170]

Malvastrum [170]

dissectum 14, [170]

Manna-grass [72]

floating, northern [73]

Holm's [73]

nerved [72]

Maple 21, [167]

dwarf 21

smooth [167]

three-leaved [167]

Maple family [167]

Marigold, bur [244]

fetid [246]

marsh [118]

Mariposa lily 17, 18, 27, [94]

Gunnison's [94]

Mariposa lily family [94]

Marsh cress, blunt-leaved [129]

curved-podded [129]

hairy [129]

Marsh-elder [224]

burweed [224]

small-flowered [224]

Marsh grass, tall [66]

Marsh marigold [118]

white [118]

Mary, little blue-eyed [211]

Matrimony vine [210]

common [210]

Mayweed [246]

common [246]

Meadow-grass 13, [69]

alpine [71]

bunch [72]

crag [71]

fair-hued [70]

flexuous [70]

fowl [70]

inland [71]

long-ligulate [72]

long-pedunculate [72]

mountain |70]

Patterson's [71]

prairie 172]

reflexed [70]

reed

rough

rush-leaved.

salt

smooth-glumed.

[73]

[69]

[72]

[72]

[70]

Vasey's [71]

western [70]

Wheeler's [71]

wood [71]

Meadow-rue [125]

Fendler's [125]

purplish [125]

Meadowsweet [147]

bushy [147]

Medic [155]

hop [155]

Medica [154]

sativa 44, [154]

Medicago [155]

lupulina 45, [155]

sativa [154]

Melanthaceae [88]

Melica [69]

bella 25, [69]

bulbosa [69]

Melic-grass [69]

bulbous [69]

Melilot [155]

yellow [155]

Melilotus [155]

alba 45, [155]

officinalis 45, [155]

MENSALES 9, [17]

Mentha [208]

arvensis Penardi [208]

Penardi 11, [208]

spicata 11,45, [208]

viridis [208]

Mentzelia albicaulis [174]

albicaulis integrifolia [174]

decapetala [173]

dispersa [174]

multiflora [173]

nuda [173]

ornata [173], [174]

speciosa [173]

Mentzelia [174]

broad-leaved [174]

entire-leaved [1 74]

white-stemmed [174]

Merathrepta [66]

Californica [66]

intermedia 3i?>, [66]

spicata 15, |66]

Meriolix [180]

scn-ulata 19, [180]

Mertensia [202]

441]

INDEX.

293

References to the Flora are in brackets r 1

alpina 42, [202

amoena [202

lanceolata 19, 23, 29, [202

lateriflora [202

linearis 19, [202

micrantha [203

perplexa 42, [203

polyphylla 37, 42, [202

punctata 29, [202

Secundorum [203

viridula 29, [202

Mesa flora 9, [17

Mesa caiion society 18, 21, [28

Mesa meadow society 17, [18

Mesquit-grass 13, [67

common [67

hairy [67

tall [67_

Mexican poppy 13

Micrampelis [222

lobata 45, [222

]\Iicranthes [137

arguta 33, 37, 39, [138

rhomboidea 39, 42, [137

Microsteris [196

micrantha [196

Microsteris, small-flowered. . . . [196

Milfoil, water 10, [181

Milk vetch-. 34, [155

alpine [156

bushy [156

Canada [155

decumbent [157

Drummond's [156

flexile [157

mountain [155

Parry's [157

plains [157

pretty [156

purple [156

Salida [l58

shining [156

Short's [157

slender [157

sulphur [156

three-fingered [158

Milkweed [194

dwarf [194

green [194

short-crowned [194

showy [194

swamp [194

Milkweed family [194

Millet, Italian [59

Mimulus [213

floribundus 11,29, [214

Geyeri 11, [213

Hallii. 23, [213]

Jamesii [213]

Langsdorfii 37, [213]

minor [213]

minor [213]

puberulus 34, 37, [213]

Mint [208]

Penard's [208]

Mistletoe, small [103]

Mistletoe family [103]

Mitella pentandra [136]

stenopetala [137]

Mitre-wort [137]

narrow-petalled [137]

Mollugo [113]

verticillata 45, [113]

Monarda [207]

menthaefolia 26, [207]

mollis 26, [207]

Nuttallii [207]

pectinata 16, [207]

Ramaleyi [207]

stricta [207]

Moneses [185]

uniflora [185]

Monkey-flower [213]

Geyer's [213]

Hall's [213]

Langsdorf's [213]

small [213]

many-flowered [214]

puberulent [213]

Monkshood 34, [120]

Columbia [120]

ochroleucous [120]

porrect [120]

showy [120]

MONOCOTYLEDONES [55]

Monolepis [110]

chenopodioides [HO]

Nuttalliana [110]

Monolepis, Nuttall's [110]

MONOTROPACEAE [185]

MONTANAE 9, [30]

Montane bog association . .31, [32]

Montane flora 9, 30, [31]

Montane forest .31, 36, [37]

Montane lake association. . 31, [34]
Montane marginal vegetation.. [34]

Montane meadow 31, [34]

Montane rupestrine society.. . . [35]

Montane stream ass'n 31, [36]

Montane subzone [31]

Montane sylva 31, [37]

Moonwort [49]

Morning glory [195]

common [195]

294

INDEX

[442

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Morning glory family [195

Moschatel [222

MOSCHATEL FAMILY [222

Mosses 27

Motherwort [206

common [206

Mountain ash [151

Rocky Mountain [151

Mountain avens [145

purple [145

three-flowered [145

turbinate [146

white [147

yellow [146

Arapahoe [146

Mountain caraway [182

obovate-leaved [182

stemless [183

Mountain daisy [239

hoary [239

Mountain forget-me-not .... [201
silvery [201

Mountain gold [230

Parry's [230

Mountain mahogany 20, [147

small-leaved [147

Mountain nut [201

James's [201

pulvinate [201

virgate [201

Mountain rice [61

silky [61

small-flowered [61

Mountain sorrel [105

Mouse-ear chickweed [115

western [115

Mouse tail [122

beaked [122

Mud plantain [88

limose [88

Mudwort [214

aquatic 34, [214

Mugwort ■ [246

alpine [247

prairie [246

Muhlenbergia [61

cuspidata 15, [61

filiformis 33, [62

glomerata [61

gracilis 25, [62

racemosa 11, [61

Richardsoni 35, [61

simplex 33,35, [62

Mullen [211

common.. , [211

moth [211

Munroa [68

squarrosa 15, [68

Munro's grass [68

Musineon [183

divaricatum [183

Musineon, leafy [183

Muskroot [222

Musquash root, western [182

Mustard [131

black [131

hedge [130

Indian [131

tansy [130

treacle [130

Mustard family [127

Myagruni sativum [128

Myagrum [128

Myosurus [122

apetalus [122

arts tat us [122

Myriophyllum [181

spicatum 10, [181

Myrtales [176

Nannyberry [221

Nasturtium [128

Armor acia [130

calycinum [129

hispidum [129

Nasturtium-aquaticum...ll, [128

ohtusum [129

officinale [128

sinuatum [129

Negundo aceroides [168

Negundo [168

Nemexia [94

herbacea melica [94

lasioneuron 22, [94

Nepeta [206

Cataria [206

Glechoma [206

Nettle [102

dead [205

hedge [206

slender [102

Nettle family [102

Nettle spurge [164

branching [164

New Jersey tea. [168

Fendler's [168

hairy [168

silkish [168

varnished (168

New Zealand spinach family[1 13

Nicotiana [210

attenuata [210

Nightshade [209

bur, common [209

enchanter's [180

443]

INDEX

295

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Inland [210]

three-flowered [209]

villous [210]

Nightshade family [208]

Nine-barks 21, [140]

glabrous [140]

intermediate [140]

Ramaley's [140]

Torrey's [140]

Nodding violet [172]

narrow-leaved [172]

Nothocalais [257]

cuspidata [257]

Nuphar polysepalum [125]

Nuttallia [173]

decapetala [173]

multiflora [173]

nuda [173]

sinuata [173]

speciosa [173]

stricta [173]

Nyctelea [199]

Nymphaea [125]

polysepala 34, [125]

Oat [65]

common [65]

false [65]

purple [65]

wild _. [65]

Oat-grass, wild [66]

Odostemon [125]

aquijolium [125]

repens 25, [125]

Oenothera [178]

albicaulis [178]

biennis hirsutissima [178]

strigosa [178]

brachycarpa [179]

coronopifolia [179]

Hookeri [178]

montana [179]

Nuttallii [179]

pinnatifida [178]

serrulata [180]

strigosa 14, [1781

Oligoneuron [232]

canescens 15, [232]

ira Hookeri [178]

strigosa [178]

Onion [91]

wild [91], [92]

Onion family [91]

Onosmodium [204]

occidentale 14, [204]

Ophioglossaceae [49]

Ophioglossales [49]

Ophrys [96]

borealis 28, [96]

nephrophylla [96]

Opulaster [140]

bracteatus [140]

glabratus 28, [140]

intermedins 22,28, [140]

Missouriensis [140]

monogynus 28, [140]

Ramaleyi 20, 28, [1401

Opuntia [175]

fragilis 19, [175]

Greenei 19, [175]

humifusus [175]

mesacantha 19, [175]

Greenei [175]

polyacantha 19, [175]

Rafinesquii [175]

rhodantha 19, [175]

Opuntiales [173]

Orache [110]

fleshy [110]

garden [110]

silvery [110]

western [110]

Orchard grass [69]

common [69]

Orchidaceae [95]

Orchidales [95]

Orchids 2

bog 21, 27

Orchis, bog [95]

Piper's [96]

Orchis family [95]

Oregon grapes [125]

creeping [125]

Oreobatus [141]

deliciosus 20, 22, 25, 30, [141]

Oreobroma [114]

pygmaea 41, [114]

Oreocarya [201]

pulvinata [201]

suff ruticosa [201]

virgata 19, [201]

Oreochrysum [230]

Parryi 26, 32, [230]

Ornamental plants 44

Orobanchaceae [219]

Orophaca [158]

tridactylica [158]

Orpine 29, [136]

narrow-petalled [136]

Orpine family [136]

Orthocarpus [2 19]

luteus 16, [218]

Orthocarpus, yellow [218]

Oryzopsis [61]

ctispidata [61]

2Q6

INDEX

[444

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

micrantha 25, [61

Osmorrhiza [182

longistylis 23, [182

obtusa 23, [182

OXALIDACEAE [163

Oxalis stricta [163

Oxeye daisy [246

common [246

Oxypolis [183

Fendleri 33, 37, [183

Oxyria [105

digyna 41, [105

Oxytropis deflexa [158

Lamberti [159

multiceps [158

minor [158

sericea [159

splendens Richardsonii [159

Oyster plant [255

Ozomelis [137

stenopetala [137

Pachylobus [179

hirsutus [179

macroglottis [179

montanus [179

Paint brush [215

Painted cup 18,27, [215

Arapahoe [216

cockscomb [216

confused [216

entire-leaved [216

lance-leaved [216

Rhexia-leaved [216

subentire [216

sulphur [216

toad-flax-leaved [215

filiform [215

western [216

yellow [216

PALUDOSAE 31, 32

Paludose society 10

Palustres 10

Palustrous flora 10, 37

Pandanales [55[

Panic-grass [57[

Scribner's [58]

Tennessee [58]

Panicularia [72]

Americana 11, [73]

borealis 11, [73]

Holmii 28, [73]

nervata 11,28, [72]

Panicum [57]

capillare 44, [57]

agreste [58]

occidentale [58]

Crus-galli [57]

sanguinale [57]

scoparium [58]

Scribnerianum [58]

Tennesseense [58]

virgatum 14, [58]

Papaver [126]

Argemone 46, [126]

Papaveraceae [126]

Papaverales [126]

Parasitic plants 43

PARASITICALES 43

Parasites 43

Parietaria [102]

obtusa 22, [102]

Pennsylvanica 22, 30, [102]

Parnassia [139]

fimbriata 33, 37, [139]

Parnassiaceae [139]

Parnassus, grass of [139]

Paronychia [112]

Jamesii 15, [112]

pulvinata 41, [112]

Parsley [184]

Gray's [184]

hemlock [184]

Parsley family [181]

Parsley-fern [50]

rock [50]

Parsnip [184]

common [184]

cow [184]

water [183]

Parthenocissiis vitacea [169]

Pasque flower [121]

American [121]

pink [121]

Pastinaca [184]

sativa 45, [184]

Peach family [151]

Pear, prickly [175]

Peraly everlasting [241]

false [241]

subalpine [241]

Pedicularia [218]

Grayi 32, 35, [218]

Parryi 40, [218]

procera [218]

racemosa 32, [218]

scopulorum 42, [218]

Pectianthia [136]

pcntandra 33, 34, 37, [136]

Pcllitory [102]

obtuse-leaved [102]

Pennsylvania [102]

Penny grass [127]

Colorado [127]

field [127]

445]

INDEX

297

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

Nuttall's [127

purplish [127

Pennyroyal [207

hispid [207

Pentstemon [211

alpinus 26, 31, [212

erosus [212

glaber alpinus [212

glaucus [212

stenosepalus 42, [212

gracilis 19, 26, [212

humilis 16, 19, 26, [212

oreophilus 26, 32, [211

procerus [213

ripa ius [212

Rydbergii [212

secundiflorus 16, 19, [212

unilateralis 15, 19, [212

Pepper grass [127

divergent [127

medium [127

Peramium [97

ophioides 25, [97

Peritoma [135

serrulatum [135

albiflorum [135

Persicaria [107

emersa 11, [107

lapathifolia 11, [107

Persicaria 44, [107

punctata 11, [107

Pesedera [169

quinquefolia [169

vitacea 12,22, 169, [170

Petalostemon [160

gracilis oligophyllus [160

oligophyllus 14, [160

pubescens 14, [160

purpureus 14, [160

violaceus [160

Petasites [248

sagittata [248

Phaca elegans [156

flexuosa [156

Phacelia [199

glandulosa 36, [199

heterophylla 19, [199

leucophylla [199

Neo-Mexicana alba [200

sericea [200

Phacelia [199

glandular 36, [199

New Mexican, white [200

silky [200

various-leaved [199

Phalaris [59

arundinacea 11, [59

Phanerogams 43

Pharbitis [195]

hispida [195]

purpurea 46, [195]

Phleum [62]

alpinum 33, 35, [62]

pratense 44, [62]

Phlox [196]

depressa 26, [196]

longifolia [196]

multifiora [196]

depressa [196]

Phlox [196]

long-leaved [196]

low [196]

many-flowered [196]

Phragmites [67]

communis [67]

Phragmites 21,22, [67]

Phyla [205]

cuneifolia 11, [205]

Physalis [208]

comata [209]

heterophylla 45, [209]

lanceolata 14, [208]

laevigata [208]

lobata [209]

longifolia [208]

rotundata 16, [209]

Virginiana 15,45, [208]

Physaria [128]

didymocarpa 30, [128]

floribunda 30, [128]

Physiography 1

Picea [53]

Engelmannii..24, 31,36, 37, [53]

Parryana 25, 31, [53]

pungens [53]

PiCKERELL-WEED FAMILY [88]

Picradeniopsis [244]

oppositifolia [244]

Pigweed [108], [111]

common [108]

Powell's [Ill]

prostrate [HI]

rough [Ill]

white [112]

winged [110]

Pin-clover [163]

PiNACEAE [53]

PiNALES [53]

Pine 24, 31, [53]

bull 20,24,25, 31,43, [52]

Cembra [53]

lodgepole 30,31,43, [53]

Rocky Mountain white. .31, [53]

Pine family [53]

298

INDEX

[446

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

PiNGUICULACEAE [219]

Pink, Drummond's [117]

Pink family [117]

Pinus [53]

contorta Murrayana. . . [53], [103]

flexilis [53]

Murrayana 24, 25,31, [53]

ponderosa scopnlorum [53]

scopulorum 20,24,25,31, [53], [103]

Piperia [96]

Unalaschensis 2, 25, [96]

Piper's orchis [96]

Alaskan [96]

Pipsissewa [185]

umbellate [185]

Plains flora 9, 10

Plantaginaceae [219]

Plantaginales [219]

Plantago [219]

lanceolata 45, [219]

major .. ..45, [219]

Patagonica gnaphalioides. . . .[219]

Purshii 16, [219]

Plantain [219]

common [219]

English [219]

mud [88]

Pursh's [219]

rattlesnake [97]

Plantain family [219]

Pleurogyne [192]

fontana..... . 34, [192]

rolata tenuifoUa [192]

Pleurogyne, fountain [192]

Plum 20, [151]

American wild [151]

pygmy [151]

wild 28

American [151]

Poa [69]

alpicola 39, [70]

alpina 37,39, [71]

andina [72]

annua 44, [69]

caesia strictior [71]

callichroa [70]

cenisia [70]

compressa 44, [70]

confusa 15, 18, [72]

crocata 15,27,41, [71]

flexuosa [70]

interior 14,18,35, [71]

juncifolia 15, 18, [72]

laxa [70]

leptocoma 35,39, [70]

longiligula 27, [72]

longipcdunculata.27. 32, 40, [72]

occidentalis [70]

Pattersonii 40, [71]

platyphylla 27,37, [70]

pratensis 14,35,44, [69]

pratericola [72]

pseudopratensis 14, 18, [72]

reflexa 32,35,39, [70]

rupestris [71]

rupicola 40, [71]

serotina [70]

triflora 11, 14, 18,28, [70]

trivialis 44, [69]

Vaseyana i2>, 35, [7l]

Wheeleri [71]

POACEAE [57]

POALES [57]

Poinsettia [166]

cuphosperma [166]

dentata 14, [166]

Poison camass [88]

falcate [88]

Poison ivy [167]

Rydberg's [167]

Polanisia [135]

trachysperma [135]

POLEMONIACEAE [196]

POLEMONIALES [195]

Polemonium [198]

Brandegeei 42, [199]

confertum [199]

mellitum [198]

delicatum 42, [198]

mellitum [198]

molle [198]

pulcherrimum [198]

robustum 37, [198]

scopulinum 42

POLYGONACEAE [104]

POLYGONALES [104]

Polygonum [106]

acre [107]

aviculare 44, [106]

Bistorta oblongifolium [108]

buxiforme 16, [106]

confertiflorum H, [106]

consimile [107]

Colvolvidus [108]

Douglasii 18, [107]

consimile [107]

emersum [107]

Engelmannii [106]

erectum 44, [106]

lapathifolium [107]

Muhlenbergii [107]

Persicaria [107]

punctatum [107]

ramosissimum [106]

447]

INDEX

299

References to the Flora arc> in brackets f 1

Sawatchense [106

tenue microspermum [106

unifolium [106

viviparum [108

Watsonii [106

POLYPODIACEAE [49

Polypodium [49

hesperium 29, [49

vulgare [49

Polypody [49

western [49

Polypogon [63

Monspeliensis [63

Pomme blanche [160

Pond lily, yellow 34, [125

Pondweed 10, [55

alpine [55

fennel-leaved [56

long-leaved [55

leafy [56

spiral [56

various-leaved [56

Pondweed family [55

pontederiaceae [88

Poplar [98

balsam [98

Poppy [126_

Mexican 13

prickly [126

rough-fruited [126

Poppy family, [126

Populus [98

acuminata 12, 22, [98

angustifolia.l2, 22, 24, 28, 37 [98

aurea [98

balsamifera 37, [98

deltoides occidentalis [98

occidentalis [98

Sargentii 12,22,28, [98

tremuloides 25,32,33, [98

aurea [98

Porcupine grass 13, [60

greenish [60

Lettermann's [61

Nelson's [60

Scribner's [60

western [60

Portulaca [114

oleracea 45, [114

retusa 45, [114

Portulacaceae [113

Potamogeton [55

alpinus [55

fluitans [55

foliosus 10, [55

heterophyllus 10, [56

lonchites 10, [55

pauciflorus [56]

pectinatus 10, [56]

rufescens [56]

Spirillus 10, [56]

Potentilla [142]

arguta [144]

concinna 32, [142]

dissecta 42, [142]

glaucophylla [142]

diversifolia [142]

eflfusa 18, [143]

fissa^ [145]

fruticosa [144]

glaucophylla [142]

Hippiana 14, 25, 35, [143]

diffusa [143]

humijusa [142]

lateriflora [l42]

leucocarpa [142]

minutifolia [143]

Monspeliensis [142]

Norvegica hirsuta [142]

paradoxa [141]

Pennsylvanicaarachnoidea. [143]

strigosa 22, [143]

propinqua 35, [143]

pulcherrima 35, [143]

Poverty-grass, bushy [60]

long-awned [60]

Prairie clover [160]

slender white [160]

violet [160]

hairy [160]

Prairie fiora 12

Prairie-grass [68]

PRATENSES 17,18,24,27,31, 34

Prickly cereus

green-flowered

Prickly pear

brittle

Greene's

many-sided

red-flowered

western

Prickly poppy

hairy

white

Primrose

evening

Delavaux'.

scapose

tooth-leaved

white

narrow-leaved

Parry's 39,

rock

Primrose family.

[174]
[174]
[175]
[175]
[175]
[175]
[175]
[175]
[126]
[126]
[126]
[187]
[178]
[179[
[179]
[180]
[178]
[187]
[187]
[188]
[187]

30O

INDEX

[448

References to the Flora are in brackets \ "1

Primula.... [187

angustifolia 42, [187

Parryi 37, 39, 42, [187

Primulaceae [187

Primulales [187

Prosaries trachycarpa [93

Prunella [206

vulgaris 11,26, [206

Prunus [151

Americana 20, 22, [151

Besseyi [152

melanocarpa 23, 29, 30, [152

Pennsylvanica 22, 29, [152

prunella [151

Watsoni [152

Pseudocymopterus [185

montanus multifidus [185

multifidus [185

sylvaticus [185

tenuifolius 39

Pseudotsuga 24, [54

Douglasii [54

mucronata 25, 31, [54

Psoralea [160

argophylla 14, 18, [160

tenuiflora 14, 15, 18, [160

Psoralea 13

Pteridium [50

aquilinum pubescens. . . . 25, [50

Pteridophyta [49

Pterospora [185

Andromedea 26, 43, [185

Ptiloria [255

pauciflora [255

ramosa [255

Ptiloria, branching [255

few-flowered [255

Puccinellia [73

airoides 16, [73

Puccoon [203

hoary [203

narrow-leaved [203

short-flowered [203

Pulsatilla [121

hirsutissima 18, [121

rosea [121

Purple false foxglove [215

Bessey's [215

Purple ground cherry [209

lobed [209

Purshia tridentata [147

Purshia [147

three-toothed [147

Purslane /l 14

common. [114

retuse-Ieaved [114

Purslane family [113

Pussley

Pyrola

rotundifolia uliginosa

secunda 26,

uliginosa 26,

unifiora

Pyrolaceae

Pyrrocoma

crocea

Pyrrocoma, yellow

Quack grass, false

Quincula

lobata 16,

Rabbit-brush 13,

fairest

fasciculate

handsome

heavy-scented

Parry's

Radicula

caiycina 11,

curvipes

hispida 11,

obtusa

sinuata

Radish

garden

Ragweed

common

entire-leaved

great

western

Ragweed family

Rainfall

Ranales

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus

abortivus 22, 28,

adoneus 41 ,

affinis

cardiophyllus

micropetalus

alpeophilus 39,

cardiophyllus ii,

Cymbalaria

ellipticus

eremogenes

Flammula reptans

inamoenus d>2i, 37,

Macounii 11,

micranthus

micropetalus ii, 37,

NtUtallii

pedatifidus ii, 39,

reptans 28, 37,

sccleratus eremogenes. ..11,

Raphanus

[114]
[186]
[186]
[186]
[186]
[185]
[185]
[229]
[229]
[229]
[76]
[209]
[209]
[229]
[229]
[229]
[229]
[229]
[229]
[129]
[129]
[129]
[129]
[129]
[129]
[131]
[131]
[224]
[224]
[224]
[224]
[224]
[224]
.5- 8
[119]
[118]
[122]
[124]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123]
[123J
[123J
[124]
[123]
[124J
[122J
[123]
[124J
[124]
[124]
[124]
[123i
[1221
[1241
[131]

449]

INDEX

301

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

sativus 46, [131

Raspberry, dwarf [141

flowering 29, [141

savory [141

red [141

wild [141

Ratibida [242

columnaris 15, 19, [242

pulcherrima [242

Rattlesnake plantain [97

snake-mouth [97

Razoumofskya [103

Americana 43, [103

cryptopoda 43, [103

Red cedar, Rocky Mount'n 29, [54

Red cherry, wild [52

Red elephant 39

little [218

Red fir [54

Red raspberry [141

wild [141

Red-top [64

Reed [67

bur [55

common [67

Reed-grass [64

wood [63

Rhamnales [168

Rhinanthaceae [211

Rhodiola [136

integrifolia [136

Rhus [167

cismontana [167

glabra cismontana . [167

Rydbergii [167

trilohata [167

Ribes [139

aureum [l40

cereum [140

lacustre molle [139

lentum [139

longiflorum 20, 22, [140

parvulum [139

pumilum 20,22, 30, [140

Purpusi 28,30, [130

vallicola [139

vulgare 46, [140

Ribgrass [219

Rice cut-grass [59

RIMOSAE 24, 29

RIPARIAE 10, 12

Riparian flora 10, 12, 21, 36

Rock-cress [134]

divergently podded [135]

Fendler's [134]

ovate-leaved [134]

related [134]

sharp-leaved [134]

snow-loving [134]

Rock desert formation 38, 40

Rock primrose 40, [188]

diffuse [188]

pine forest [188]

puberlent [188]

subumbellate [188]

Roripa Armoracia [130]

calycina [129]

curvipes [129]

hispida [129]

Nasturtium [128]

obtusa [129]

sinuata [129]

Rosa [148]

aciculata 29, [149]

blanda aciculata [149]

Engelmannii [148], [149]

Fendleri 29, [149]

Macounii 28, [149]

Maximilian! 29, [150]

melina 30, [149]

Nutkana [149]

pratincola 14, [148]

angustiarum [148]

setulosa [148]

Sayi 20. 22, [149]

suffulta [148]

Woodsii [149]

ROSACEAE [140]

Rosales [136]

Rose 13, 29, [148]

ashen [149]

Castle Rock [148]

Engelmann's [149]

Fendler's [149]

Macoun's [149]

Maximilian's [150]

prairie [148]

prickly [149]

Say's [149]

Rose family [140]

Rose-root [136]

entire-leaved [136]

Riibacer parviflorus [141]

Rubiaceae [220]

rubiales [220]

Rubus [141]

Americanus [141]

deliciosus [141]

Nutkanus [141]

triflorus 28, [141]

Rudbeckia [242]

flava 19, 26, [242]

laciniata 29, [242]

RUDERALES 44

302

INDEX

[450

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Rulac [168]

Negundo 12, 22, [168]

Texanum 12, 22, [168]

Rumex [105]

Acetosella 44, [105]

Bakeri [105]

crispus 44, [105]

dcnsiflorus [105]

obtusifolius 44, [105]

occidentalis H, [105]

salicifolius 11, [105]

RUPESTRES 35

Rupestrine flora ....21,29, 37

Rush 10,34,39,40, [88]

Arizona [89]

Baltic, mountain [88]

chestnut [90]

confused [89]

Drummond's [89]

Dudley's [89]

grass-leaved [89]

inland [89]

knotted [90]

long-styled [89]

Merten's [90]

reddish brown [90]

Rocky Mountain [90]

scouring [52]

spike [80]

Torrey's [90]

three-flowered [90]

toad [89]

wood [90]

Rush family [88]

Rush-grass, filiform [62]

prairie [61]

Richardson's [61]

simple [62]

Ruta Baga [132]

Rydbergia [245]

grandiflora 42, [245]

Rydbergia 40

large-flowered [245]

Rye, wild [78]

Rye-grass, Italian [75]

Sabina [54]

scopulorum 30, [54]

Sage 13, [207]

barrens [247]

Britton's [247]

cudweed [247]

diverse-leaved [247]

Forwood's [246]

lance-leaved [207]

rock [247]

Rocky Mountain [247]

Secular's [246]

sylvan [246]

white [110]

Sage-brush 5, 34, [246]

common [246]

Sagittaria [56]

arifolia 11, [56]

St. Johnswort [171]

Canadian, larger [171]

handsome [171]

St. Johnswort family [171]

Salicaceae [98]

Salicales [98]

Salix [99]

amygdaloides 12, [99]

arctica petraea [100]

Bebbiana 28, [100]

brachycarpa oi, [100]

caudata 28,37, [99]

chlorophylla 39, [100]

exigua.. 12, [99]

Fendleriana [99]

flavescens [100]

fluviatilis 24

glaucops 33,39, [100]

irrorata [99]

lasiandra Fendleriana [99]

lutea [99]

luteosericea 12, [99]

Nuttallii 24, [100]

pentandra caudata [99]

perrostrata 28, [99]

petrophila 41, [100]

pseudolapponicum 41, [lOO]

rostrata [100]

Saximontana 41, [lOl]

Scouleriana 2i, 36, [100]

Wolni [99]

Salmon-berry 29, [141]

Nutka Sound [141]

Salsify [255]

Salsola [Ill]

Tragus 45, [111]

Salt-grass [69]

Salt meadow-grass [73]

slender [73]

Saltwort [Ill]

Salvia [207]

lanceolata 14, [207]

Sambucus [220]

melanocarpa [221]

microbotrys 26, [220]

Sandalwood family [103]

Sand-bur [59]

Sand cherry, Bessey's [152]

Sand lily [92]

mountain [92]

Sandwort [116]

451]

INDEX

303

References to the Flora are in brackets r 1

Fendler's [116]

diffuse [116]

glandular [116]

obtuse-leaved [116]

Tweedy's [116]

Sanicle [181]

Maryland [181]

Sanicula [181]

Marilandica 21, 23, [181]

Santalaceae [103]

Santales [103]

Sapindales [167]

Saponaria [118]

officinalis 46, [118]

Vaccaria [117]

Saprophytes 43

Saprophytic plants 43

SAPROPHYTICALES 43

Sarsaparilla, wild [181]

Savastana odorata [60]

Savin [54]

Saxifraga [137]

arguta [138]

auslromontana [138]

bronchioles [138]

chrysantha [138]

debilis 39, [137]

denudata [138]

flagellaris [138]

Hirculus [138]

nivalis [137]

punctata [138]

rhomboidea [137]

Saxifragaceae [136]

Saxifrage 39, [137]

arctic [138]

austromontane 36

flagellate [138]

golden.._ [138]

rhomboid-leaved [137]

smooth [138]

weak [137]

western mountain [138]

yellow 40

Saxifrage family [136]

Scapose evening primrose [179]

hairy [179]

large-throated [179]

mountain [179]

Schedonnardus [66]

paniculatus [66]

Texanus [66]

Schizachyrium [57]

scoparium 15, [57]

Schmaltzia [167]

trilobata 20, [167]

Scirpus [79]

Americanus 11, [79

atrovirens pallidus 10, [80

lacustris 10, [80

pungens [79

Scouring rush, smooth [52

Scrophularia [211

nodosa occidentalis [211

occidentalis 26, [2 1 1

Scutellaria [205

Brittonii 26, [205

virgulata [205

galericulata 11, [205

resinosa [205

virgulata [205

Sea blite [Ill

erect [Ill

low [Ill

Sea kale [Ill

Sedge 10,27,34,39,40, [81

acutish [84

awl-fruited [81

beautiful [84

Beck's [86

black [84

blackish [85

bottle.

bracted

bronze-scaled.

broom

clustered ....
common

crag

curved

Dewey's [81

Douglas' [82

drj'-spiked [83

ebony,
erect. .
fescue,
fox... .
Geyer's.

[82
[84
[83
[81
[85

golden [85

hair [86

hare's-foot, western [82

Hood's [81

meadow [83

mountain-grace [85

narrow-leaved [83

obtusish [85

Pennsylvania, western [86

pretty [82

Pyrenaic [85

rhombic [84

rock [86

Sartwell's [82

silvery [81

soft-leaved [81

304

INDEX

[452

References to the Flora are in brackets F 1

Steven's [83

stiff [84

straw [83

false [83

short-beaked [86

variable [85

western [81

winter-loving [84

woolly [86

Sedge family [79

Sedum [136

rhodattthum [136

stenopetalum 22, 30, 42, [136

rubrolineatum [136

Seed plants [53

Selaginella [52

densa [52

Engelmannii [52

rupestris Fendleri [52

Underwoodii 30, [52

Selaginella 29

dense [52

Underwood's [52

Selaginella family [52

Selaginellaceae [52

Self-heal [206

common [206

Senecio 19, 26, 30, [249

admirabilis 34, [250

ambrosioides 32, [252

atratus 37, 42, [251

aurellus [252

aureus Balsamitae [252

borealis [252

croceus Hallii [252

Balsamitae [252

Bigelovii Hallii [249

blitoides.. 40, [249

carthamoides 40, [249

chloranthus 35, [249

Columbianus [250

crassulus 42, [250

crocatus 42, [252

cymbalarioides 34, [252

dimorphophyllus [252

Fendleri 19,26, [251

lanatus [252

fililf alius Fremontii [253

flavovirens [252

flavulus [252

Harbourii [251

heterodoxus [252

Hookeri [250

hydrophilus 29, [250

lanatifolius.. 32, [252

lapathifoiium [250

longipetiolatus 30, [252

lugens foliosus [251)

Farryi [250]

multicapitatus 16, [253]

mutabilis [252]

Nelsonii 19, 26, 30, [251]

perplexus 29, [250]

Plattensis 19, [251]

pseudaureus 35, 40, [252]

pudicus 32, [249]

Purshianus [251]

rapifolius [250]

Riddellii 16, [253]

rosulatus [251]

salicinus [251]

scopulinus 35, [249]

spartioides 16, [253]

triangularis 34, 37, [249]

Seiaria glauca [59]

Italica [59]

viridis [59]

Shadbush [150]

alder-leaved [150]

mountain [150]

Sheepberry [221]

Sheep sorrel [105]

Shepherdia Canadensis [175]

Shepherd's purse [128]

common [128]

Shield-fern [49]

Shinleaf [186]

bog [186]

one-sided [186]

Shooting star 27, [189]

few-flowered [189]

many-flowered [189]

shade-loving [189]

wavy-leaved [189]

Sibbaldia [144]

procumbens 42, [144]

Sibbaldia 40

procumbent [144]

Sidalcea [170]

Candida 33, 35, 37, [170]

Sideranthus [229]

annuus 16, [229]

spinulosus 16, [229]

Silene [117]

acaulis 41, [117]

antirrhina 18,45, [117]

depauperata [117]

noctiflora 45, [117]

Silverrerry family [175]

Single delight [185]

Sisymbrium [130]

incisum [130]

officinale 45, [130]

Sisyrinchium [95]

453]

INDEX

305

References to the Flora are in brackets [ 1

alpestre 35, [95]

angustifolium 14, 35, [95]

Sitanion [78]

brevifolium 15, [78]

longifolium 15, [78]

Skullcap [205]

Britton's [205]

hooded [205]

wand-like [205]

Skunk-bush 20

Skunk-grass [68]

Small mistletoe [103]

American [103]

hidden footed [103]

Smartweed [107]

water [107]

Smilaceae [94]

Smilacina amplexicaulis [93]

racemosa [93]

stellata [93]

Smilax lasioneuron [94]

Snakeroot, black [181]

button [226]

Sneezeweed [245]

mountain [245]

Snowberry [221]

western [221]

Snowflower 40, [213]

James's.-. [213]

Snow-on-the-mountain [165]

Boulder [165]

Soapwort [118]

SOLANACEAE [208]

Solanum [209]

interius [210]

Lycopersicum [210]

nigrum villosum [210]

rosiraiufn [209]

triflorum [209]

Solidago [230]

Canadensis 12, [231]

gilvocanescens [231]

concinna [231]

decumbens 32, 42, [230]

minuescens [230]

dilatata [230]

gilvocanescens 17, [231]

glaberrima 16, [231]

humilis nana [230]

Pattersonii [230]

Missouriensis extraria [23 1]

mollis [232]

nana 16, [232]

nemoralis incana [232]

oreophila 26, 32, [230]

pallida 19, [231]

Pitcheri 12,29, [231]

polyphylla 29, [231]

pulcherrima [232]

radulina 26, [232]

rigida humilis [232]

speciosa pallida [231]

trinervata 26, [231]

viscidula 26, [231]

Solomon's seal, false 21, [93]

Sonchus [259]

arvensis. . 45, [259]

asper 45, [259]

Sophia [130]

andrenarum [130]

incisa [130]

intermedia 14, [130]

leptophylla [130]

Sophora [152]

sericea 17, [152]

Sophora, silky [152]

Sorbus [151]

scopulina 25, [151]

Sorghastrum [ 57]

nutans 18, [57]

Sorrel, mountain [105]

sheep [105]

wood [163]

yellow [163]

Sow thistle [259]

field [259]

harsh [259]

Spanish bayonet [94]

narrow-leaved [94]

Spanish needles, western [244]

Sparganiaceae [55]

Sparganium [55]

angustifolium 34, [55]

simplex angustifolium [55]

Spartina [66]

cynosuroides 11, [66]

Spatter dock, western [125J

Spearmint [208]

Special classes of plants 43

Speculiaria [223]

ieptocarpa [223]

perfoliata 26, [223]

Speedwell [214]

Byzantine [215]

field [215]

thyme-leaved [214]

Wormskjold [214]

Xalapa [214]

Spermatophyta [53]

Spiderwort [87]

University [87]

Spiesia Lamberti [159]

Lamberti sericea [159]

Spike-grass, marsh [69]

3o6

INDEX

[454

References to the Flora are in brackets \ ]

Spike-rush [79

flat-stemmed [79

needle [79

slender [79

swamp [79

pale [79

SPINOSAE 18, 19

Spiraea dumosa [147

Spleenwort [51

Andrews's [51

maiden-hair [51

Spondiaceae [167

Sporobolus [63

airoides 15, [63

asperifolius 15, [63

cryptandrus 15, [63

ctispidatus [61

de pauper atus [61

heterolepis 15, [63

simplex [62

Spring beauty [114

large-rooted [114

rosy [114

water [114

Chamisso's [114

Spruce 24,31,38,39,40, [53

blue [53

Douglas 24,25, [53

Engelmann 36, 39, [53

Spurge 44, [164

Arkansas [165

Fendler's [164

mountain [165

nettle [164

ridge-seeded [164

rugulose-seeded [164

stout [165

thyme-leaved [164

toothed [166

warty [166

white-flowered [164

Spurge family [163

Squawweed 34

Squirrel-tail grass [77

Stachys [206

scopulorum 11, [206

Stanleya [135

glauca 15, [135

Stanley's cress, glaucous [135

Star-flower [229

annual [229

spinulose [229

Star thistle [255

Starwort [115], [233

James's [l 15

Lake Baical [115

water 10, [166

State flower of Colorado... .40, [119[

Steironema [188]

ciliatum 21, 23, [188]

Stellaria Janiesiana [115]

longifolia [115]

longipes [115]

media [115]

stricta [115]

unibellata [115]

Stephanomeria runcinata [255]

Stickseed [200]

cupulate [200]

large-flowered [200]

narrow-leaved [200]

western [200]

Sticktights 10

common [244]

Stiff golden rod, hoary [232]

Stink-grass [68]

purple [68]

Stipa [60]

comata .....15,18,27, [60]

Lettermannii [61]

Nelsonii 15,27, [60]

parviflora Americana [60]

Scribneri 27, [60]

viridula 15, 18,27, [60]

Stitchwort, long-leaved [115]

long-pedicelled [115]

strict [115]

Stone-crop [136]

Storksbill [163]

hemlock [163]

Strawberry [143]

American [143]

bracted [143]

glaucous [144]

prolific [144]

small-flowered [144]

Streptopus [93]

amplexifolius 28, [93]

Stylosanthiis laciniatus [238]

Siiaeda depressa [HI]

depressa erecta [HI]

SUBALPESTRES 9, 36

Subalpine flora 9, 23, 36

Subalpine forest formation 36

Subalpine stream formation 36, 37

Subalpine summit flora 37

Subalpine zone 36

Subaquatic flora 10

SUBMONTANAE 9, 23

Sumach [167]

cismontane [167]

fragrant [167]

three-lobed [167]

Sunflower 13, [242]

455]

INDEX

30;

References to the Flora arc in brackets F 1

coarsely toothed [243]

common [242]

dwarf [243]

false, five-ribbed [243]

petioled [243]

red-streaked [242]

subrhomboid [243]

Utah [243]

Svida [181]

stolonifera 23, 29, [181]

Swamp flora 10

Swamp laurel, small leaved. . . . [186]

Sweet ciceley 21, [182]

obtuse-fruited [182]

smooth [182]

Sweet clover [155]

white [155]

Sweet coltsfoot [248]

arrow-leaved [248]

Sweet flag 10, 87

Swertia [192]

congesta [192]

palustris 34,40,(192]

Swertia [192]

dense-flowered [192]

marsh [192]

Switch grass, tall [58]

SYL VALES 31, 36

SYLVESTRES 18, 20, 24

Sympetalae [185]

Symphoricarpos [221]

occidentalis 20, 26, [221]

oreophilus 32, [221]

vaccinioides [221]

Syntherisma [57]

sanguinale 44, [57]

Synthyris alpina [215]

Synthyris, alpine [215]

Talinum [113]

parviflorum 30, [113]

Tansy mustard [130]

cut-leaved [1301

fine-leaved [130]

hoary [130]

western [130]

Taraxacum [258]

montanum [258]

officinale [258]

Taraxacum 45, [258]

Temperature and rainfall 88

Tetragoniaceae [113]

Tetraneuris [245]

lanata [245]

lanigera 32,42,(245]

Teucrium [205]

occidentale 11, [205]

Thalesia [219]

fasciculate 43, [219]

lutea [219]

Thalictrum (125]

Fendleri 28, [125]

purpurascens 22, [125]

Thelesperma [244]

gracile 16, [244]

Thelesperma, slender [244]

Thelypodium [135]

paniculatum [135]

sagittatum [135]

torulosum [135]

Thelypodium, panicled [135]

Thermopsis [152]

arenosa [153]

divaricarpa 22, 25, 32, [153]

pinetorum 25, 43, [l52]

Thermopsis, divaricate-podded [153]

pineland [152]

sand [153]

Thistle 13, [253]

Colorado [254]

crag [253]

erose-bracted [254]

gray [253]

knapweed [254]

large-headed [254]

Parry's [253]

Platte [254]

Russian [HI]

sow [259]

star [255]

woolly-headed 40

yellow-spined [255]

Thistle family [225]

Thlaspi [127]

arvense 45, [127]

Coloradense 28,39,(127]

Nuttallii 21,41,(127]

purpurascens 41, [127]

Thorn-apple [210]

purple [210]

Thoroughwort [225]

Three square [79]

Thymeliales [175]

Timothy [62]

common [62]

false. .._ [62]

mountain [62]

Tiniaria [108]

Convolvulus 44, [108]

Tithymalus [165]

Arkansanus 16, [165]

marginatus [165]

tetramerus [165]

philorus 19, [165]

dichotoma [165]

3o8

INDEX

[456

References to the Flora are in bi-ackets f 1

robustus [165

Tium [156

alpinum 25, 34, 35, [156

Drummondii 18, [156

Toad-flax [211

bastard [103

Canada [211

Tobacco [210

night-blooming [210

Tomato [210

common [210

Tonestus [230

pygmaeus 42, [230

Touterea decapetala [174

multiflora [173

nuda [173

shiuata [173

speciosa [173

Townsendia [232

exscapa 16, [233

grandiflora 19, [232

sericea [233

Townsendia, large-flowered. . .[232
silky [233

Toxicodendron [167

Rydbergii 20, [167

Toxicoscordion [88

falcatum 25, [81

gramineum [81

Tradescantia [87

occidentalis [87

scopulorum [87

Universitatis 18, [87

Tragia [164

ramosa [164

Tragopogon [255

porrifolius 45, [255

porrifolius X pratensis [255

pratensis 45, [255

Treacle mustard [130

Tridophyllum [141

lateriflorum [142

leucocarpum [142

Monspeliense 45, [142

paradoxum [141

Trifolium [154

dasyphyllum 42, [154

hybridum 44, [154

lividum 42, [154

pratense 44, [154

repens 44, [154

Triple-awned grass [60

Trisetum [65

majus 39, [65

montanum ii, [65

spicatum [65

subspicatum 31, 32, 4

majus [65 j

molle [65]

Triticum [77]

sativum vulgare [77]

vulgare 46, [77]

Trollius [118]

albiflorus 37,39, [118]

laxus albiflorus [118]

Troximon cuspidatum [157]

glaucum [258]

parviflorum [258]

Troximon, cuspidate [257]

Tumble weed [112] •

Tundra, wet alpine.. . 37, 38, 39, 40

TUNDRALES 38

Turkey-foot grass 13, [57]

Twayblade 27, [96]

kidney-leaved [96]

northern [96]

Twin-flower [221]

American [221]

Twisted-stalk 27, [93]

clasping-leaved [93]

Typha [55]

latifolia 10, [55]

Typhaceae [55]

Uliginose society 10

Ulmaceae [103]

Ulmus [103]

Americana [103]

Umbellales [181]

Umbrella-wort [112]

diffuse [113]

hairy [113]

heart-leaved [112]

lance-leaved [113]

narrow-leaved [1 13]

Umbrella-wort family [112]

Upper Sonoran vegetation. ... 9
Upper Transition vegetation. . . 9

Urtica [102]

gracilis 12, [102]

Urticaceae [102]

Urticales [102]

Urticularia [219]

vulgaris [219]

Uva-ursi procumbens [186]

Uva-ursi [186]

Vaccaria [117]

Vaccaria 45, [117]

vulgaris [117]

Vaccinium [187]

caespitosum [187]

erythrococcum [187]

Myrtilliis microphyllum [187]

orcophilum [187]

scoparium 42, [187]

4571

INDEX

309

References to the Flora are in brackets f 1

Vacciniaceae [187

Vagnera [93

amplexicaulis 25, [93

racemosa 25, [93

stellata 22,28, [93

Valerian [223

edible [223

Greek [198

Valerian family [223

Valeriana [223

ceratophylla 35, [223

edulis [223

Valerianaceae [223

Valerianales [223

VALLICOLAE 18,21,24, 27

Venus's looking-glass [223

common [223

western [223

Verbascum [221

Blattaria 45, [211

Thapsus 45, [211

Verbena [204

ambrosifolia 14, [204

A ubletia [205

bracteosa 14, [204

albiflora [204

Canadensis [205

hastata 11, [204

Verbena; common wild [205

Verbenaceae [204

Verbesina [243

encelioides exauriculaia[24:3], [244

exauriculata [243

Veronica [214

agrestis [215

Americana 21, 23, 29, [214

Buxbaumii [215

Byzantina 45, [215

peregrina [214

serpyllifolia 45, [214

Wormskjoldii 34, 40, [214

Xalapensis [214

Vervain [204

blue [204

large-bracted [204

white-flowered [204

ragweed-leaved [204

Vervain family [204

Vetch 21, [161

milk 34, [155

mountain [161

narrow-leaved [I6I

remote-leaved [161

small-flowered [161

Vetchhng 21, [161

white-flowered [161

Viburnum. [221

Lentago 23, [221]

pauciflorum [221]

Vicia [161]

dissitifolia 21, [161]

linearis [161]

oregana 21, 22, [161]

producta 21, 22, [161]

sparsifolia 21, [161]

Viifa depauperata filiformis.. . [62]
Richardsoni [61]

Viola [171]

bellidifolia [172]

biflora [172]

Canadensis-Neo- Mexican us

39, [172]

Rydbergii 23, [172]

cognata [171]

Neo-Mexicana [172]

Nuttallii [172]

pallens 2,3,, [171]

palustris 33, [171]

physalodes [172]

Rydbergii [172]

vallicola 25, [172]

Violaceae [171]

Violet [171]

blue, western [171]

daisy-leaved [172]

dog-tooth [92]

marsh [171]

New Mexico [172]

nodding [172]

Nuttall's [171]

pale [171]

Rydberg's [172]

two-flowered [172]

valley [172]

western blue [172]

Violet family.... [171]

Viorna [121]

eriophora [122]

Jonesii [121]

Virginia creeper [169]

vinelike [169]

Virgin's bower [121]

western [121]

VlTACEAE [169]

Vitis [169]

Arizonica [169]

Boulderensis [169]

palmata [169]

riparia [169]

vulpina 12, 22, [169]

Volvulus [195]

interior [195]

Wallflower, Cockerell's [131]

oblanceolate-leaved [131]

3IO

INDEX

[458

References to the Flora are in brackets \ 1

snow [131]

western [130]

Washingtonia longistylis [182]

obtusa [182]

Water cress [128]

Water crowfoot [122]

white 34, [122]

flaccid-leaved [122]

Water dropwort [183]

Fendler's [183]

Water hemlock [182]

Water hoarhound [208]

American [208]

western [208]

Waterleaf 21, [199]

Fendler's [199]

Water-lily family [125]

Water milfoil 10, [181]

spiked [181]

Water parsnip [1 83]

cut-leaved [183]

Water pepper . 10

Water-plantain [56]

common [56]

Water-plantain family [56]

Water spring beauty [114]

Chamisso's [114]

Water starwort 10, [166]

autumnal [166]

marsh [166]

Water starwort family. . . .[166]

Wax-currant 20, 29

small [140]

Weeds 44

Western mallow [170]

white [170]

Western star [173]

many-flowered [173]

naked [173]

showy [173]

strict [173]

ten-petalled [174]

wavy-leaved [173]

Wheat [77]

Wheat grass [76]

Arizona [76]

mountain [76]

Richardson's [76]

riparian [77]

Scribner's [76]

slender [76]

soft [77]

Vasey's [76]

violet [76]

western [77]

White evening primrose [178]

cut-leaved [179]

Nuttall's [179]

rhizomatous [179]

white-stemmed [178]

White sage [110]

woolly [110]

Whitlow-grass [132]

artic, white [133]

Baker's [133]

Colorado [132]

hoary [133]

thick-leaved [132]

twisted-podded [133]

white arctic [133]

wood [132]

Whitlowwort [112]

decumbent [133]

golden [133]

James's [112]

pulvinate [112]

yellowish [133]

Wild brier 21

Wild cherry 20,21, 28

black-fruited western [152]

Wild oat-grass [66]

California [66]

common [66]

intermediate [66]

Wild liquorice [159]

scaly [159]

Wild onion, Eraser's [92]

Geyer's [91]

Nuttall's [91]

Pike's Peak [92]

recurved [92]

Wild plum 20, 28

American [151]

Wild rye, Canadian [78]

Macoun's [78]

slender [78]

stout [78]

Wildsarsaparilla [181]

common [181]

Willow 12,21,27,38, [99]

Bebb's [100]

bloom-branched [99]

dwarf [100]

false Lapland [100]

Fendler's [99]

glaucous [100]

green-leaf [100]

Lapland, false [100]

long-beaked [99]

narrow-leaf [99]

Nuttall's [100]

peach [99]

rock-loving [100]

Rocky Mountain [101]

459]

INDEX

311

References to the Flora are In brackets f 1

sandbar, silky [99]

Wolf's [99]

yellow [99]

Willow family [98]

Willow-herb [177]

alpine [177]

great [176]

northern [177]

panicled [177]

glandular [178]

pimpernel [177]

reddish [177]

western [177]

Willow-herb family [176]

Winter cress [13l]

American [131]

Wintergreen [186]

bog.._ [186]

creeping [186]

one-flowered [186]

one-sided [186]

Wintergreen family [185]

Witch grass [57]

Wood reed-grass [63]

slender [63]

Wood rush [90]

dense-cymed [91]

small-flowered [90]

spiked [91]

Wood sorrel [163]

yellow [163]

upright [163]

Wood sorrel family [163]

Wooded mesa formation 18

Woodsia [50]

Oregana 29, [50]

scopulina 29, [50]

Woodsia, cliff [50]

mountain [50]

Wool-joint 18, [104]

Baker's [104]

eff'use [104]

subalpine [104]

umbellate [104]

winged [104]

yellow [104]

Wormwood [246]

biennial [247]

Wyethia [242]

amplexicaulis [242]

Wyethia, clasping-leaved [242]

Wyomingia [239]

cana 16, [239]

Xanthium [225]

commune 12, 45, [225]

Xanthoxalis [163]

stricta 25, [163]

Ximenesia exauriculata [244]

Xylophacos [157]

Parryi 30, [157]

Shortianus 15, [157]

Xyridales [87]

Yarrow [246]

woolly [246]

Yellow cress [129]

spreading [129]

warty-podded [129]

Yellow mountain avens [146]

Arapahoe [146]

Yellow pon^i lily 24, [125]

many-sepalled [125]

Yellow wood sorrel [163]

upright [163[

Yucca [94]

angustifolia [94]

glauca 15,18,20, [94]

Yucca 12, 13, 19

Yucca mesa formation 18, 19

Zanichellia [56]

palustris 10, [56]

Zanichellia, marsh [56]

Zanichelliaceae [55]

Zones of vegetation 8

alpine summits 9

foothills and mountain pla-
teau 9

lower mountain slopes 9

mesas 9

plains 9

subalpine mountain slopes.... 9

Zygadetius elegans [88]

Zygadenus [88]

Colorado [88]

showy [88]

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